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Example Two generators are connected in parallel to the low–voltage side of a three-
10.1 phase ∆-Y transformer as shown in Fig. 10.5. Generator 1 is rated 50,000
kVA, 13.8 kV. Generator 2 is rated 25,000 kVA, 13.8 kV. Each generator has
a subtransient reactance of
25%. The transformer is rated G1
75,000 kVA, 13.8∆/69Y kV, with
a reactance of 10%. Before the G2
fault occurs, the voltage on the
high-tension side of the
Fig. 10.5 One-line diagram for Example
transformer is 66 kV. The
10.1
transformer is unloaded, and
there is no circulating current
between the generators. Find the subtransient current in each generator
when a three-phase short circuit occurs on the high-tension side of the
transformer.

Solution: Select as base in the high-tension circuit 69 kV, 75,000 kVA. Then
the base voltage on the low-tension side is 13.8 kV.
Generator 1:

(13.8 (69 kV)

kV)
G1 P

G2
Generator 2:

j 0.10
j 0.375 j 0.750
Eg1 Eg2

Neutral Bus

Fig. 10.6 Reactance diagram for

Example 10.1

Transformer:

The equivalent parallel subtransient reactance of the Generators:

Therefore, with Eg as reference, the subtransient current in the short-circuit

is
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The voltage on the delta (∆)-side of the transformer is

The currents in Generators 1 and 2 are respectively:

Example A synchronous generator and motor are rated 30,000 kVA, 13.2 kV, and
10.2 both have subtransient reactances of 20%. The line connecting them has a
reactance of 10% on the base of the machines ratings. The motor is drawing
20,000 kW at 0.80 power factor leading and a terminal voltage of 12.8 kV
when a symmetrical three-phase fault occurs at the motor terminals. Find
the subtransient current in the generator, motor, and fault by using the
internal voltage of the machines.

Solution: Choose as base 30,000 kVA, 13.2 kV.

j0.10 j0.10 P
P
j0.20 IL j0.20 j0.20 Ig ” I m” j0.20
Vf If”
Eg” Em” Eg” Em”

Before the fault (b) During the fault

Figure 10.8 Equivalent circuit for Example 10.2

Taking voltage at the fault as reference phasor

Base Current

Load Current
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For the generator

For the motor

In fault

10. THE SELECTION OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS

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Example A 25,000 kVA, 13.8 kV generator with X d” = 15% is connected through

10.5 transformer to a bus which supplies four identical motors, as shown in
Figure 10.15. The subtransient reactance Xd ”of each motor is 20%, on a
base of 5,000kVA, 6.9kV. The three-phase rating of the transformer is
25,000 kVA, 13.8/6.9kV, with a
leakage reactance of 10%. The bus
voltage at the motors is 6.9kV when
a three-phase fault occurs at the
point P. For the fault specified, Motors
determine (a) the subtransient Gen.
current in the fault, (b) the P
subtransient current in Breaker A, A
and (c) the symmetrical short-
circuit interrupting current (as Fig. 10.15 One-line diagram for
defined for circuit-breaker Example 10.5
applications) in the fault and Breaker A.

Solution:

(a) For a base of 25 MVA, 13.8 kV in the generator circuit, the base for
the motors is 25 MVA, 6.9kV

The subtransient reactance of each motor:

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For a Fault at P,

j1.0

j1.0
j0.1 j0.1
5 0 j1.0

j1.0
P

Fig. 10.16 Reactance diagram for

Example 10.5

(b) Through Breaker A:

The Generator contributes a current of

Each Motor contributes 25% of the remaining fault current, or

Through Breaker A:

(c) To compute the current through Breaker A to be interrupted, replace

the subtransient reactance of j1.0 by the transient reactance of j1.50
in the motor circuits of Figure 10.16. Then

The Generator contributes a current of

Each Motor contributes a current of

The symmetrical short-circuit current to be interrupted is

The usual procedure is to rate all the breakers connected to a bus on

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the basis of the current in to a fault on the bus. In that case the short-
circuit interrupting rating of the breakers connected to the 6.9kV bus
must be at least

Example A 25,000 kVA, 13.8 kV generator with X d” = 15% is connected through

10.5a transformer to a bus which supplies four identical motors, as shown in
Figure 10.15. The subtransient reactance Xd ”of each motor is 20%, on a
base of 5,000kVA, 6.9kV. The three-phase rating of the transformer is
25,000 kVA, 13.8/6.9kV, with a
leakage reactance of 10%. The bus
voltage at the motors is 6.72kV
when a three-phase fault occurs at
the point Q. For the fault specified, Motors
determine (a) the subtransient A
Gen.
current in the fault, (b) the
subtransient current in Breaker A,
and (c) the symmetrical short-
circuit interrupting current (as Fig. 10.15 One-line diagram for
defined for circuit-breaker Example 10.5
applications) in the fault and Breaker B.

1. Shown the one-line diagram of a power system. Reactances of the two sections of
transmission line are shown on the diagram. The generators, motor and transformers are
rated as follows:
Generator 1: 20MVA, 13.8 kV, X” = 0.20 per unit
Generator 2: 30 MVA, 18 kV, X” = 0.20 per unit
Motor 3: 30 MVA, 20 kV, X” = 0.20 per unit
Transformer T-1: 25 MVA, 220Y/13.8 kV, X = 10%
Transformer T-2:
Transformer T-3: Single-phase units each rated 10 MVA, 127/18 kV, X = 10%
35 MVA, 220Y/22Y kV, X = 10%
The motor draws 20MVA at 18kV 0.80 power factor lagging when a symmetrical three-phase
fault occurs at C. Assuming that the generators share the load equally, solve fault current
and currents contributed by the machines to the fault. Choose a base of 60 MVA, 27.6 kV in
the circuit of generator 1.
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Block B
Seat No. _____________
2. In the power system shown, the voltage is 13.2 kV at bus C when a symmetrical three-phase
fault occurs at bus C. Find the fault current using Thevenin’s theorem. Use a base of 100
MVA, 36kV in Generator 2. The ratings of the generators, motors, and transformers are:
Generator 1: 20 MVA, 18 kV, X” = 20%
Generator 2: 20 MVA, 18 kV, X” = 20%
Synch. Motor 3: 30 MVA, 13.8 kV, X” = 20%
Transformers Y-Y: 20 MVA, 138Y/20Y kV, X = 10%
Transformers Y-∆: 15 MVA, 138Y/13.8 kV, X = 10%