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    02_CE3003 MOM

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    The document provides an overview of the mechanics of materials, focusing on definitions of rigid, elastic, and plastic bodies, as well as key concepts such as stress, strain, and elasticity. It explains stress as force per unit area and strain as the deformation experienced by a body relative to its original dimensions. Additionally, it touches on various types of stresses, the stress-strain relationship, and introduces concepts like modulus of elasticity and temperature effects on stress and strain.

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    02_CE3003 MOM

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    2 views41 pages
    The document provides an overview of the mechanics of materials, focusing on definitions of rigid, elastic, and plastic bodies, as well as key concepts such as stress, strain, and elasticity. It explains stress as force per unit area and strain as the deformation experienced by a body relative to its original dimensions. Additionally, it touches on various types of stresses, the stress-strain relationship, and introduces concepts like modulus of elasticity and temperature effects on stress and strain.

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    The document provides an overview of the mechanics of materials, focusing on definitions of rigid, elastic, and plastic bodies, as well as key concepts such as stress, strain, and elasticity. It explains stress as force per unit area and strain as the deformation experienced by a body relative to its original dimensions. Additionally, it touches on various types of stresses, the stress-strain relationship, and introduces concepts like modulus of elasticity and temperature effects on stress and strain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views41 pages

    02_CE3003 MOM

    Uploaded by

    sandeep1239996
    The document provides an overview of the mechanics of materials, focusing on definitions of rigid, elastic, and plastic bodies, as well as key concepts such as stress, strain, and elasticity. It explains stress as force per unit area and strain as the deformation experienced by a body relative to its original dimensions. Additionally, it touches on various types of stresses, the stress-strain relationship, and introduces concepts like modulus of elasticity and temperature effects on stress and strain.

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    You are on page 1of 41

    CE 3003 : MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

    2. Simple Stresses and Strains


    2.1 Definition of rigid, elastic and plastic bodies

    Rigid body
    In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can
    be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of
    external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass.
    Elastic body
    A solid body for which the additional deformation produced by an increment of stress completely disappears when
    the increment is removed. Also known as elastic solid.
    Plasticity (physics)
    In physics and materials science, plasticity, also known as plastic deformation, is the ability of a solid material to
    undergo permanent deformation, a non-reversible change of shape in response to applied forces. For example, a
    solid piece of metal being bent or pounded into a new shape displays plasticity as permanent changes occur within
    the material itself. In engineering, the transition from elastic behavior to plastic behavior is known as yielding.

    2.3 Definitionsof :

    2.3.1 Stress

    2.3.2 Strain

    2.3.3 Elasticity

    2.3.4 Hook’s law

    2.3.5 Elastic limit

    2.3.6 Modulus of elasticity

    2.3.1 Stress
    Let us consider a rectangular bar of some cross – sectional area and subjected to some load or force (in Newtons )

    Let us imagine that the same rectangular bar is assumed to be cut into two halves at section XX. The each portion of
    this rectangular bar is in equilibrium under the action of load P and the internal forces acting at the section XX has
    been shown

    Now stress is defined as the force intensity or force per unit area. Here we use a symbol  to represent the stress.

    Where A is the area of the X – section

    Here we are using an assumption that the total force or total load carried by the rectangular bar is uniformly
    distributed over its cross – section.

    But the stress distributions may be for from uniform, with local regions of high stress known as stress concentrations.

    If the force carried by a component is not uniformly distributed over its cross – sectional area, A, we must consider a
    small area, ‘A' which carries a small load P, of the total force ‘P', Then definition of stress is
    As a particular stress generally holds true only at a point, therefore it is defined mathematically as

    Units :

    The basic units of stress in S.I units i.e. (International system) are N / m2 (or Pa)

    MPa = 106 Pa

    GPa = 109 Pa

    KPa = 103 Pa

    Some times N / mm2 units are also used, because this is an equivalent to MPa. While US customary unit is pound per
    square inch psi.

    2.3.2 Strain

    Strain is the amount of deformation experienced by the body in the direction of force applied, divided by the initial
    dimensions of the body.
    The following equation gives the relation for deformation in terms of the length of a solid:

    ϵ=δl/L
    where, ϵ is the strain due to stress applied, δl is the change in length and L is the original length of the material.
    The strain is a dimensionless quantity as it just defines the relative change in shape.

    2.3.3 Elasticity

    In physics and materials science, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its
    original size and shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when adequate loads are
    applied to them; if the material is elastic, the object will return to its initial shape and size after removal. This is in
    contrast to plasticity, in which the object fails to do so and instead remains in its deformed state.

    2.3.4 Hook’s law


    2.3.5 Elastic limit
    2.4 Type of Stresses-Normal, Direct, Bending and Shear
    2.6 Standard stress strain curve for tor steel bar under tension, Yield stress, Proof stress, Ultimate
    stress, Strain at various critical points, Percentage elongation and Factor of safety
    2.7 Deformation of body due to axial force, forces applied at intermediate sections, Maximum and
    minimum stress induced
    2.8 Composite section under axial loading
    2.9 Concept of temperature stresses and strain, Stress and strain developed due to temperature
    variation in homogeneous simple bar (no composite section)
    2.10Longitudinal and lateral strain

    2.11Modulus of Rigidity, Poisson’s ratio, Biaxial and tri-axial stresses, volumetric strain, change in
    volume, Bulk modulus (Introduction only)

    2.12Relation between modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity and bulk modulus (without
    derivation)

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