FULL STACK E COMMERCE WEB APPLICATION FOR

CONSTRUCTION USING DJANGO

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

MARY HELEN CLARA A (211919104005)

MUHAMMAD IMRAN NAJAR (211919104006)
SURYA T (211919104012)
PRAVEEN KUMAR (211919103004)
In the partial fulfilment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SRIPERUMBUDUR

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025.

MAY 2023.

i
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certificate that this Project Report “FULL STACK E-COMMERCE WEB

APPLICATION FOR CONSTRUCTION USING DJANGO” is the bonafide
work of MARY HELEN CLARA A (211919104005), MUHAMMAD IMRAN
NAJAR (211919104006), SURYA T (211919104012) and PRAVEEN KUMAR
(211919103004) who carried out the project under my supervision.

Mrs. BALAMMAL M.E Mrs. BALAMMAL M.E

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR & HOD ASSISTANT PROFESSOR & HOD
Computer Science Engineering, Computer Science Engineering,
Rajiv Gandhi College Of Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College Of Engineering,
Sriperumbudur, Sriperumbudur,
Chennai - 602105. Chennai - 602105.

Submitted for the project and viva-voice held on ……………………………

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We sincerely thank our respected Chairman, Rev. Fr. Dr. KURIAN THOMAS and
General Secretary, Mr. JOSE THOMAS, for all their managerial efforts and
administration in educating us in his prestigious institution.

We would like to express our gratitude to our Principal Dr. K. SAMIDURAI, BE.,
M.Tech., Ph.D., MISE., FIE., C., Eng.(l), and our Vice Principal Mr. J.GOBINATH
B.E., M.E., (Ph. D) for providing valuable guidance.

We sincerely thank Mrs. V. BALAMMAL M.E., Assistant Professor and HOD,

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for her valuable guideline, ideas,
inspiration and encouragement for the successful completion of this project.

We express our sincere thanks to our project coordinator and internal guide Mrs.
V.BALAMMAL M.E., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, for providing support and encouragement that was an instrument of
success for our project completion.

We also extend our thanks to all Staff Members of CSE Department of RGCE and our
Colleagues for helping me throughout the project work and all those who have given
us a moral support in the completion of the project.

Last but not least, we would like to use this opportunity to thank our lovable
parents who provided not only the financial supports but also moral support and
without whom this project would have not been possible at all.

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Acknowledgement ............................................................................................... II

List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................ VII

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………VIII

CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................... 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ........................................................... 2

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .......................................................... 4

1.4 THE SOLUTION ....................................................................................... 5

1.5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................................ 5

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION ...................................................................... 6

1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................... 8

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ........................................................... 8

1.9 DEFINATION OF TERMS ........................................................................ 9

1.10 CHAPTER LAYOUT ............................................................................... 10

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................... 12

2.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 12

2.2 IMPORTANCE OF ONLINE SHOPPING .............................................. 13

2.3 PROBLEMS OF ONLINE SHOPPING .................................................. 14

iv
2.4 THE FACTORS WHICH AFFECT ONLINE SHOPPING ...................... 14

2.5 PRIVACY AND SECURITY ISSUES IN ONLINE SHOPPING ........... 14

CHAPTER THREE............................................................................................. 18

3.1. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 18

3.1.1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 18

3. 1. 2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE METHODOLOGY ................................... 18

3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 20

3.2. FEASIBILITY STUDY ............................................................................ 20

3.3. REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND SPECIFICATION ...................... 23

3.3.1. REQUIREMENTS GATHERING .................................................. 23

3.3.2. DATA COLLECTION METHODS ................................................ 23

4 REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 24

4.1.1. INPUT SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................... 27

4.1.2. OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................... 30

4.1.3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................... 31

4.2. SYSTEM DESIGN .................................................................................... 31

4.2.1. PROCESS FLOW .......................................................................... 32

4.2.2. DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS.......................................................... 33

4.2.3. FLOW CHART.............................................................................. 34

4.2.4. UML DIAGRAM .......................................................................... 35

4.2.5. DATA DESIGN ............................................................................. 36

 4.2.6. Data Relationships ......................................................................... 37

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................... 38

RESULTS AND DISCUSION ........................................................................... 38

CHAPTER FIVE................................................................................................. 43

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.................................................. 43

CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 43

RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................................... 43

Project Log .......................................................................................................... 44

Record of all procedures and Results ................................................................. 44

Structure of the Project Files............................................................................... 45

Templates Files ................................................................................................... 48

REFERENCES.................................................................................................... 49

APPENDIX ................................................................................................... 65-71

 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

TERMINOLOGY MEANING

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

DBD Database Diagram

DFD Data Flow Diagram

HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

SQL Structure Query Language

DBMS Database Management System

IDE Integrated Development Environment

 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project report is to present the development and

implementation of an e-commerce platform specifically tailored for the
construction industry. The platform aims to provide a comprehensive online
marketplace where construction professionals, contractors, and individuals can
browse, search, and purchase a wide range of construction-related products and
services. The project utilizes the Django web framework to deliver a robust and
user-friendly experience for buyers, sellers, and administrators.

The report outlines the key features and functionalities of the e-commerce platform,
including user registration and authentication, product catalog, search and filtering
options, shopping cart and checkout process, payment gateway integration, order
management, seller profiles, reviews and ratings, and an admin dashboard for
efficient platform management.

The development process involves the utilization of various technologies and tools
such as Django, Python, HTML/CSS, JavaScript, and database management
systems like PostgreSQL or MySQL. The report will delve into the architectural
design of the platform, including the database schema, models, views, and
templates, highlighting the implementation details and key considerations.

Keywords: Python, Django, SQL-lite3, Bootstrap 3, CSS, HTML,

ecommerce, customer orders Fashion Shop
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. INTRODUCTION
An E-commerce website requires appropriate strategy of successful design and
implementation. Everything is required to plan from scratch to end of website. The
e-commerce sector is seen the exponential growth thus a new option will easily
part of this regatta of commercial website. The e-commerce website will feature
the online shopping facility of various fashion products under a single web space.
The proposed web application will allow business personnel to make their total
business using it and increase their reachability thousands of times more than today
they have, over the internet. It will allow multiple shopping vendors to sale their
products online. The product management in the system will be done in the form of
categories. The safety of information is the main requirement of the system and
will be handling according to that. To formulate this project first task is to do is
cost estimation. For probabilistic assessment of the project cost estimation is
required. Cost estimation covers the accurate; estimations of cost and effort
required for the project.
An e-commerce website for the construction industry can provide a convenient
platform for customers to browse and purchase construction-related products and
services. By utilizing Django, a popular Python web framework, you can create a
feature-rich and scalable website that meets the specific requirements of the
construction sector.
Throughout the development process, it is important to prioritize user experience,
mobile responsiveness, and security to instill trust and confidence in your
customers. By following Django's best practices and leveraging its extensive
documentation and community support, you can create a successful e-commerce
website for the construction industry that meets the needs of both businesses and
consumers in this sector.

1
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The construction industry plays a crucial role in economic growth,
infrastructure development, and job creation. As the industry undergoes digital
transformation, there is a growing need for technology-driven solutions to enhance
efficiency and collaboration. E-commerce platforms have emerged as powerful
tools in various industries, revolutionizing traditional business practices. However,
the construction sector still faces challenges in the procurement process, such as
limited supplier options, time-consuming procedures, lack of transparency, and
difficulty in comparing prices and specifications. To address these challenges,
there is a pressing need for an e-commerce website tailored specifically for the
construction industry. Such a platform would provide a centralized hub for
suppliers and buyers to connect, streamline procurement procedures, enhance
transparency, and facilitate easy comparison of products and prices. In this context,
Django, a robust and scalable web framework, offers an ideal solution for
developing an e-commerce website for construction. Its security features,
flexibility, and suitability for building complex web applications make it a suitable
choice for constructing a reliable and efficient platform that caters to the unique
requirements of the construction industry
In a bustling city with a booming construction industry, small construction
businesses struggle to compete with larger companies. Resources and opportunities
seem limited, making it difficult for these businesses to showcase their services
and reach a broader customer base. Sensing the need for a solution, a group of
passionate entrepreneurs and construction professionals comes together to form a
groundbreaking e-commerce platform specifically tailored for the construction
industry.
Their vision is to create a virtual marketplace where construction businesses can
showcase their expertise, connect with customers, and streamline the procurement
process.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Traditionally, customers are used to buying the products at the real, in other
words, factual shops or supermarkets. It needs the customers to show up in the
shops in person, and walk around different shopping shelves, and it also needs the
owners of shops to stock, exhibit, and transfer the products required by customers.
It takes labour, time and space to process these operations.
Furthermore, the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a lot of
changes in our lifestyle, people fearing to get outside their homes, transportation
almost shut down and social distancing becoming all the more important. Big to
small scale business that relied on the traditional incur a lot of consequence due to
the lockdown issues. Some tend to more towards using social media platforms like
Facebook to sell their product. The problem at hand is the limited online presence
of small construction businesses, inefficient procurement processes, and the lack of
transparency and trust within the industry. These issues impede the growth and
competitiveness of small construction businesses, making it difficult for them to
reach potential customers, streamline procurement, and establish credibility. A
solution is needed to develop an e-commerce website using Django that empowers
these businesses by providing a platform to showcase their services, connect with
customers, streamline procurement, and foster transparency and trust in the
construction
1.1 THE SOLUTION

The proposed solution to address the challenges faced by small construction

businesses is the development of an e-commerce website using the Django
framework. This solution aims to empower small businesses by providing them
with a robust online platform to showcase their services, connect with customers,
streamline procurement processes, and foster transparency and trust within the
construction industry. The main objectives of implementing the e-commerce
website for the construction industry using Django are to enable online presence
by creating user-friendly profiles and project listings, enhance procurement
efficiency through a comprehensive module for connecting with suppliers and
managing orders, foster transparency and trust through customer reviews and
ratings, and facilitate secure transactions with the integration of payment
gateways. The methodology for the development includes requirement gathering,
design and development using Django, rigorous testing and quality assurance,
and deployment with a maintenance plan. The expected outcomes of this project
include increased market reach for small construction businesses, streamlined
procurement processes, enhanced transparency and trust, and improved financial
transactions. Ultimately, the implementation of the e-commerce website using
Django for the construction industry offers a viable solution to empower small
businesses, compete effectively, and thrive in the digital era, benefiting both the
businesses and the construction industry as a whole.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this project is to develop an e-commerce website using Django for the
construction industry, with the goal of empowering small businesses, improving
procurement processes, and fostering transparency and trust within the industry.

The system aims to achieve the following objectives:

 Enable Online Presence:

Develop a user-friendly website that allows construction businesses to create
comprehensive profiles, showcasing their services, projects, and achievements.
Implement features for customers to browse and search for construction services,
projects, and contractors.
 Ensure Scalability and Maintenance:
Develop the website with scalability in mind to accommodate future growth and
increasing user demand.
Establish a maintenance plan to address any bugs, updates, or enhancements that
may arise, ensuring the website's smooth operation over time.

 Enhance Communication and Collaboration:

The e-commerce website will incorporate a messaging system or chat functionality
to facilitate direct communication between construction businesses, customers, and
suppliers. This feature aims to improve project coordination, enable customers to
discuss project details with contractors, and keep all parties informed about project
updates.
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The scope of this project involves developing an e-commerce website using

Django, tailored specifically for the construction industry. The website will
encompass various features such as user profiles, project listings, search
functionality, procurement modules, customer reviews and ratings, secure payment
gateways, and communication tools. Testing, deployment, and maintenance
aspects will also be included to ensure a reliable and user-friendly experience.
However, there are certain limitations to consider. The project's timeline and
available resources may restrict the implementation of certain features. Integration
with third-party services may be limited by the availability of APIs and
compatibility. Security vulnerabilities and scalability challenges may arise,
requiring continuous assessment and optimization. Additionally, user adoption and
behavior may impact the website's effectiveness. While efforts will be made to
overcome these limitations, they should be taken into account during the project's
development and implementation phases.:

Customer Side

 Customer can view/search products without login.

 Customer can also add/remove product to cart without login (if

customer try to add same product in cart. It will add only one)
 When customer try to purchase product, then he/she must login to
system.
 After creating account and login to system, he/she can place order.
 If customer click on pay button, then their payment will be
successful and their order will be placed.
 Customer can check their ordered details by clicking on orders
button.
 Customer can see the order status (Pending, Confirmed, Delivered)
for each order
 Customer can Download their order invoice for each order
 Customer can send feedback to admin (without login)

Administrator Side

 Admin can provide username, email, password and your admin

account will be created.
 After login, there is a dashboard where admin can see how many
customers is registered, how many products are there for sale, how many orders
placed.
 Admin can add/delete/view/edit the products.
 Admin can view/edit/delete customer details.
 Admin can view/delete orders.

2 Additionally, if customer places order and admin deleted that user (fraud
detection), then their orders will automatically be deleted. Suppose one (1)
customer places four (4) products order and admin deleted two (2) product
from website, then that two-product order will also be deleted and other two
will be there. Also, if user click on purchase button without having products
in their cart, then website will ask to add product in cart first.

3 On the contrary, designing web applications is characterized by some

constraints and limitations. Developers are limited to a small set of graphical
 widgets for use in presenting a user interface. Web-based applications require
high investment in software, as well as maintenance costs for the software
and personnel for software administration. In this study, verification of
credentials for membership cannot be done. Besides, there is a payment page
although just for demo.
4 Customers are advised to fill in pseudo details (DONT FILL YOUR
ORIGINAL CARD DETAILS THERE). By the way, website do not save
these details.

4.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research method used for this project work is quantitative research reviews the
current system, provide its description, identifying the discrepancies and eventually
giving a suitable solution. Therefore, the method used in the design and collections
of information from various sources are as follows:
Studying the present system in detail and the organizational style.
Knowing and understanding the input and output processes of the existing system.
A qualitative form of interview was conducted in the organization to understand the
mode of operation of the old system.
4.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The construction industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, and the
rise of e-commerce has transformed the way businesses operate and consumers
make purchases. Therefore, the significance of studying and developing an e-
commerce website for the construction industry using Django can be outlined as
follows:

 Easy advertisement of new products and services

 Saves time on the part of the buyer due to the fact that they can do
transactions for any product or make enquiries about any product or services
provided by a company anytime and anywhere.
 It creates an avenue for expansion to national and international markets.
 An online ecommerce brochure system improves the brand image of a
company.
 It aids a fashion company in providing better customer service.

 It helps to simplify business processes and make them faster and more
efficient.

4.3 DEFINATION OF TERMS

 Association: an association is an organized body of people who have an

interest, activity, or purpose in common; a society.

 Web based application: a web-based application is a software package

that can be accessed through the web browser. the software and database reside on
a central server rather than being installed on the desktop system and is accessed
over a network.
 Web browser: a web browser is a software application used to enable
computer users locate and access web pages.

 Brochure: a brochure is an advertising piece mainly used to introduce a

company or an organization and inform about products or services to a target
audience.

 E-commerce: electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and

services, or the transmission of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily
the internet.

 Catalogue: a product catalogue is a file that contains a list of all the

products you want to advertise. Each line of the product catalogue contains a
description of each product, including an id, name, category, availability, product
URL, image URL and other product attributes.
4.4 CHAPTER LAYOUT

The chapter layout of this project is outlined in a sequential manner starting with
Chapter one which consists of the Introduction, Background of the study,
Statement of the problem, Aims and objectives, Justification and Significance of
study, Research methodology, and Scope, Limitation.

Following this chapter, the rest of the paper proceeds as follows. Chapter two
consist of introduction, Literature review of the project, an overview of ecommerce
applications. Chapter three deals with the Methodology. It comprises of analysis of
the existing system under which description of the current system will be analysed,
problems of existing system, description of the proposed system and the
advantages of the proposed system.
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Literature review is an expressive study based on the detailed review
of earlier pertinent studies related to the various concepts of online shopping
to discover the concept of online shopping. It highlights the status of online
shopping, importance and problems of online shopping, factors affecting
online shopping and a critical review of the privacy and security issues in
online shopping.

2.1 STATUS OF ONLINE SHOPPING IN PERSENT BUSINESS

ENVIOURNMENT

Online buying behaviour is affected by various factors like, economic

factors, demographic factors, technical factors, social factors, cultural
factors, psychological factors, marketing factors and legislative factors.
Customers choose an online-shop mainly based on references, clarity terms
of delivery, graphic design and additional services. Problematical customers
read discussions on the Internet before they spend their money on-line and
when customers are incapable to purchase the product fast and with no
trouble they leave online-shop. Kotler, (2003) described Consumer buying
method as learning, information-processing and decision-making activity
divided in several consequent steps: Problem identification, Information
search, Alternatives evaluation, Purchasing decision, Post-purchase
behaviour. Euthymia identified the main constituent of the online shopping
experience as follows: the functionality of the Web site that includes the
elements trade with the site’s usability. the emotional elements planned for
lowering the customer’s hesitation by communicating trust and credibility of
the online seller and Web site and the content elements including the
aesthetic aspects of the online presentation and the marketing mix. Usability
and trust are the issues more regularly found to influence the online
consumer’s behaviour. Karayiannis, (2 examined that discriminating of
potential determinants between web- shoppers and non-shoppers. Free
shipping is a great motivator to purchase the products and customers are
willing to pay nominal charges for getting their products. While compare the
shopping with others shopping, consumers take product price and shipping
charges almost equally into deliberation. There are some ways that retailers
can do to improve the experience for their online shoppers. The first is to
write the expected delivery date of the order, customers are willing to wait
for their orders but want to know just how long that force is. Timely coming
of product shipment encourages shoppers to recommend an online retailer.
Consumers also want to track updates and delivery notifications to
understand when their package is incoming. Online shoppers want flexibility
in their shipping, mainly the ability to give special delivery instructions or
schedule a delivery time. Customers are also wanting to get the address
changing option for filling the wrong address when they are purchasing
online.
2.3 IMPORTANCE OF ONLINE SHOPPING

Ling, said that customers can take enjoy online shopping for 24 hour per day.
Consumers can purchase any goods and services anytime at everywhere. Online
shopping is user friendly compare to in store shopping because consumers can just
complete his requirements just with a click of mouse without leaving their home.
Online shopping has some advantages like below

 Save the Time of the consumers.

 They can purchase any time anywhere

 They can compare the price with the others retailers very easily.

 Compare the advertising price and actual price

 They can easily track their product

 They can use cash back policy

 They can purchase the product from the foreign marketers.

2.4 PROBLEMS OF ONLINE SHOPPING

Online shopping problems are great barrier to the online purchase aim of
customers. General problems include prospect of having credit card. The
obscurity to confirm the reliability of the provide goods and the risk to buy
a product that it would not value as much as customer pay for it. Aftersales
problems, involved difficulty to change not working product with a new
one and products warranty are not assured. Online shopping has various
disadvantages:
 The customers can not touch and fell of the products when they want to
Purchase.

 Some time delivery time is so much late

 Some time they will pay the shipping charges so why the cost of the
product may increase.
 Lack of personal attention by the sellers. More chance to fraud.

 Security of internet banking password and credit card password

 Lack of quality

2.5 THE FACTORS WHICH AFFECT ONLINE SHOPPING

There are some factors which affect the online shopping by the Kotler who
is a great marketing writer
  Convenience (no traffic, crowds,24 hr. access

 Product Selection

 3. Delivery Mode

2.6 PRIVACY AND SECURITY ISSUES IN ONLINE SHOPPING

Shopping online has never been so easy. With the flourishing numbers of online
merchants, people nowadays have various choices to do their shopping. Big
companies such as eBay and amazon.com have introduced many values added
features to help the customers to decide what to shop for. With features such as price
comparison, product photos and user reviews, consumers can shop easily and
smartly without even going to the stores and having such a hard time looking for the
products they want. All they have to do are just browse for the product they want in
the website and within a few mice clicks they are off. Such simplicity is what makes
online shopping appealing for consumers. The question is, why do many people still
deny to shop online? Well, for most people, privacy and security issues are their
concerns. Hence, here I will discuss customers’ perception of privacy and security
issues, the reality of such issues and ways to avoid those issues, all based on some
trustworthy sources I have found.
To know customers’ perception of customer and security issues, I reviewed a
scholarly article entitled “Consumer Perceptions of Privacy and Security Risks for
Online Shopping” produced in the Journal of Consumer Affairs. In the United
States, more than half of the adult population uses the Internet and from that
number, approximately half have shopped online (Sefton, qtd. in Miyazaki and
Fernandez 28).
 Previous studies had shown that Internet users as a whole agreed that privacy
and security issues are vital for them to shop online (Rohm and Milne, qtd. in
Miyazaki and Fernandez, n.d). Most of them regard their personal information as
their main concern (U.S. FTC, qtd. in Miyazaki and Fernandez, n.d). In the research
conducted by Miyazaki and Fernandez, who are the authors of the articles
themselves, privacy and security issues accounted for more than 65 percent of
consumers’ main concern as oppose to the other 35 for shopping inconveniences
and others (Fernandez et al., n.d). They also concluded that more experienced
Internet users tend to have more concern regarding privacy issues but less concern
on security issues. Nevertheless, consumers still consider both as their main concern
for online shopping as suggested in the survey.

Now, after knowing that privacy and security issues are vital for consumers in
online shopping, I would like to know the emphasis in the real world. From an
article titled “The Myth of Secure E-Shopping” published in PC World, the reality of
such issue is revealed. While most
consumers trust big and well-established online merchant such as CD Universe,
Travelocity, Columbia House and Ikea, these big companies still receive frequent
security threats (Kandra, 2001). Joseph McDonnell, a CEO of online security firm
IShopSecure even confessed that all online firms must have received threats of some
sorts (Kandra, 2001). He added by saying that hackers could easily infiltrate and get
customers personal information online as online shoppers are not anonymous.
According to Kandra, experts also discover that security measures taken by online
retailers are insufficient. For instance, data encryption only applies in actual transfer
of customer data but not in the database which is ironically the most common
targets for hackers. Some other sites however, do not even have privacy and security
policy posted implying that they do not protect their customers (Hairell, 2011).
Kandra posits that this is what happened to eBay when it was hacked hence
compromising its customers’ credit information. Apart from the retailers
themselves, credit card processing firms and third-party sites also receive threats.
Creditcards.com once had disclosed that someone had infiltrated its site and posted
more than 55000 credit card numbers on the Internet. So, from all these indications,
I can see that online shopping is not totally safe.However, customer rights and
security aspects are not just the responsibility of online merchants. To uphold them,
the consumers themselves need to act. According to “Ten Things Your Mother
Never Told You About Online Shopping” published in Yahoo! Internet Life, to be
an ace consumer, online shoppers need to prepare themselves with some basics
(Halpin, 2011). As the prominent method of payment is credit card, consumers
should be more aware in handling it. They should never disclose their credit
information via e-mail. Some of the credit card issuers also have some sorts of
protection that consumers should apply for. Apart from that, consumers should limit
themselves from releasing unnecessary personal information such as age and
income to protect their privacy (Hood & Halpin, 2011). Also, as Todd Richter who
is the president of Girl shop (an e- commerce site) had said, consumers should
always be aware of the security technology used by merchant sites. Technologies
such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and VeriSign play vital part in distinguishing
one site from another. Nonetheless, consumers should always be alert of the privacy
and customer policy in each site they tend to buy from (Halpin, 2011). Lastly, if
there are still dissatisfactions, consumers could always report them to consumer-
related agencies such as Better Business Bureau or Federal Trade Commission
(Halpin, 2011).
Thus, after reviewing these three reliable sources related to the privacy and
security issues of online shopping, I can see some interconnections between them.
By common sense, anyone who tends to shop online will think twice before they buy
anything as to consider the privacy and security issues related to it. This is proven in
my first source (“Consumer Perceptions of Privacy and Security Risks for Online
Shopping”) through the survey. People are always conscious about their privacy and
security. However, this is not the case in the real world. As my second source (“The
Myth of Secure
E-Shopping”) has proposed, even though online merchants have tried their best to
beef up the security, threats and attacks still prevail. For this reason, consumer
should act fast to protect their privacy when shopping online. My third source (“10
Things Your Mother Never Told You About Online Shopping”) explains many
ways that consumers could do to enhance the privacy and security aspect apart from
what online merchants have done for the same reason. Taking all these contents as a
whole, I would say that in any situation, people can still shop online safely provided
they understand the reality and take some precautions above all.
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1.1. INTRODUCTION
The construction industry is a vital sector that contributes significantly to economic
growth and development. In recent years, the advent of e-commerce has
revolutionized the way businesses operate and customers make purchases. An e-
commerce website specifically tailored for the construction industry can provide a
convenient and efficient platform for customers to browse, purchase, and access a
wide range of construction-related products and services.
By utilizing Django, a robust and versatile web framework based on Python,
developers can create a feature-rich and scalable e-commerce website for the
construction industry. Django offers a comprehensive set of tools and
functionalities that simplify the development process and enable the creation of
secure and dynamic web applications.
The significance of studying and developing an e-commerce website for the
construction industry using Django lies in its ability to address the unique needs
and challenges of this sector. Such a website can serve as a centralized
marketplace, allowing construction professionals, contractors, architects, and
individuals to easily explore and acquire construction materials, equipment, tools,
and services.
3. 1. 2 Justification for the Methodology
This model can be used when the requirements of the complete system
are clearly defined and understood, like the case of this project where;

 Major requirements were evidently defined; however, some details evolved

with time.

 There was a need to complete the project within a short time schedule.
 A new technology is being used or the resources with needed skill set are
not available. I was learning Flask and Django and could iterate from one
technology to another to ensure I effective implement all the functionalities.
 22

 The project had some high-risk features and goals.

Figure 1: Incremental Project Management Life Cycle

The Incremental model is much better equipped to handle change. Each
incremental functionality is verified by the customer and hence the relative risk
in managing large and complex projects is substantially reduced. On the
downside, there is a possibility of gold plating, wherein the functionalities not
really required end up being built into the Product or Deliverable. In a nutshell,
Incremental SDLC provide plethora of advantages inducing;

 Generates working software quickly and early during the software life cycle.

 This model is more flexible and less costly to change scope and requirements.
 23

 It is easier to test and debug during a smaller iteration.

 In this model customer can respond to each built.

 Lowers initial delivery cost.

 Easier to manage risk because risky pieces are identified and handled during
it’d iteration.
3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Analysis is an important part of any project; is analysis is not done
properly then whole project move in the wrong direction. It also provides a
schedule for proper project work. Analysis
task divided into 3 areas:
 Problem Recognition.
 Feasibility Study.
 Requirement Analysis.

3.2.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility study of the system is a very important stage during system
design. Feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its
workability impact on the organization, ability to meet user needs, and
effective use of resources. Feasibility study decides whether the system is
properly developed or not. There are five types of feasibility as mentioned
below:
1. Technical Feasibility
2. Time Schedule feasibility
3. Operational feasibility
4. Implementation feasibility
5. Economic Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
Technical feasibility corresponds to determination of whether it is
technically feasible to develop the software. Here those tools are considered,
which will be required for developing the project. The tools, which are available,
and tools, which will be required, are taken into account. Considering all above
points and aspects it is observed that the cost incurred in developing this project
from a technical perspective would not be too high. Thus, it is feasible for
company as well as for me to develop this system.
Parameters considered:
 Schedule of the project.
 Time by which the project has to be completed.
 Reporting period
Considering all the above factors it was decided that the allotted time that is
3 months was sufficient to complete the project.
1. Operational Feasibility
Operational feasibility corresponds to whether users are aware of interface
environment and sufficient resources are available or not.

Parameters considered:
People with a basic knowledge of computers would be able to use our system very
effectively and easily, as the system would have an intuitive GUI. The director and
employees of La BELLE Fashions have a basic operating knowledge of computers, so
understanding the working of the system and using it would be easy from the decision
maker’s point of view.
 All the relevant necessary resources for implementing and operating this
system are already present in office.
Bearing in mind the above factor, it was observed that the cost would be
incurred in developing this project from an operational standpoint would be low.
Thus, it would be operational feasible for the company.
Implementation Feasibility
Implementation Feasibility is about basic infrastructure required to
develop the system. Considering all below points, it is feasible to develop
system.
Factors considered:
 All the minimum infrastructure facility required like PC,
books, technical manuals are provided.
 Proper guidance is provided.
 All necessary data and files are provided.
2. Economic Feasibility

Economic Feasibility is about total cost incurred for the system. The software
resource requirement of the proposed system is Django and SQLite for functional
and backend development and HTML, CSS, JS for the frontend UI.
3.3 Requirements Analysis and Specification
A complete understanding of software requirement is essential to the
success of a web- development effort. No matter how well designed or well
coded, a poorly analysed and specific program will disappoint user and bring
grief to the developers.
The requirement analysis task is process of discovery, refinement,
modified and specification. The software scope, initially established by the
system engineer and refined during project planning, is refined in detail. Models
of the required data, information and control flow, and operational behaviour
are created. Alternative solutions are analyzed and various project element.
Currently who want to buy some shoes or any clothing type they have to
go to the shop and buy them this is very tedious for customer therefore we
upload this site on internet. This web-site should be developed with an aim to
simplify shopping process and keeping transparency and flexibility in
performing each operation.

3.3.1 Requirements Gathering

Also known as data collection. Data Collection is an important aspect of
any type of research study. Inaccurate data collection can impact the results of a
study and ultimately lead to invalid results. The methods used to gather the
projects requirements involves Quantitative research to review the existing
systems in the market.

3.3.2 Data Collection Methods

This study used quantitative techniques like online survey and
questionnaire. Qualitative data collection methods play an important role in
impact evaluation by providing information useful to understand the processes
behind observed results and assess changes in people’s perceptions of their
well-being. Furthermore, qualitative methods can be used to improve the quality
of survey- based quantitative evaluations by helping generate evaluation
hypothesis; strengthening the design of survey questionnaires and expanding or
clarifying quantitative evaluation findings. These methods are characterized by
the following attributes:
 They tend to be open-ended and have less structured protocols
 They rely more heavily on interactive interviews; respondents may be
interviewed several times to follow up on a particular issue, clarify
concepts or check the reliability of data
 They use triangulation to increase the credibility of their findings
 Generally, their findings are not generalizable to any specific
population, rather each case study produces a single piece of evidence
that can be used to seek general patterns among different studies of the
same issue
 Existing written and visual materials were assessed to find important data
and information towards the development of the system. Information about
appointment managements, patient’s management were collected. During data
collection, the investigation found out how the current system operates, not
only that but also tried out which problems are faced and how best they can be
settled.
Requirement analysis and specification may appear to be relatively
simple task, but appearances are deceiving. Communication content is very
high, chances for misinterpretations or misinformation abound. Ambiguity is
probable. The dilemma that confronts a software engineer may best be
understood by repeating the statement of an anonymous customer: “I know you
believe you’re understood what you think I said, but I am not sure you realize
that what you heard is not what I meant”.
3.3.3 Requirements
The requirements form the proposed system was categorized into
functional and non- functional requirements.
Functional Requirements
The following is the desired functionality of the new system. The proposed
project would cover:
Customer Module

3.3.3.1 Customer can view/search products without login.

3.3.3.2 Customer can also add/remove product to cart without login (if
customer try to add same product in cart. It will add only one)
3.3.3.3 When customer try to purchase product, then he/she must login to system.
3.3.3.4 After creating account and login to system, he/she can place order.
3.3.3.5 If customer click on pay button, then their payment will be
successful and their order will be placed.
3.3.3.6 Customer can check their ordered details by clicking on orders button.
3.3.3.7 Customer can see the order status (Pending, Confirmed, Delivered) for
each order

3.3.3.8 Customer can Download their order invoice for each order
3.3.3.9 Customer can send feedback to admin (without login)
Admin Module
3.3.3.10 Admin can provide username, email, password and your admin account
will be created.
3.3.3.11 After login, there is a dashboard where admin can see how many
customers is registered, how many products are there for sale, how many
orders placed.
3.3.3.12 Admin can add/delete/view/edit the products.
3.3.3.13 Admin can view/edit/delete customer details.
3.3.3.14 Admin can view/delete orders.
3.3.3.15 Admin can change status of order (order is pending,
confirmed, out for delivery, delivered)
3.3.3.16 Admin can view the feedbacks sent by customers
Non-functional Requirements
It specifies the quality attribute of a software system. They judge the
software system based on Responsiveness, Usability, Security, Portability and
other non-functional standards that are critical to the success of the software
system.
• Availability: The system should remain operational in any day and any place.
• Accuracy: There is a need to optimize the system to ensure more
accurate results and calculations.
• Usability: The system should provide a User-friendly user interface and
tooltips to enhance itself and be effectively responsive.
• Secure: The system must be able to provide security against any external
injections by using a layered security system. Implementation of user login
functionalities also ensures the system is secure from unauthorized persons.
• Performance of the system: Response time is very good for given piece of
work. The system will support multi user environment.
• Reliability of the system: The system will be highly reliable and it
generates all the updates information in correct order. Data validation and
verification is done at every stage of activity. System recovery will also be
speed.
3.3.4 Input Specifications

Figure 1: Admin login

Figure 2: Customer signup

Figure 3: Customer Login

 Figure 4: Admin add products

Figure 5: Customer add shipment details

3.3.5 Output Specifications

Figure 7: Order placed successful

Figure 8: Demo payment Input

 3.1.1 System Specifications
This section describes the hardware components and software
requirements needed for effective and efficient running of the system
Table: 1 Hardware Requirements
SL Hardware Minimum System Requirement
01 Processor 2.4 GHz Processor speed
02 Memory 2 GB RA
03 Disk Space 500 GB

Table: 2 Software Requirements

SL Software Minimum System Requirement
01 Operating System Windows 8, Windows 10 or MAC Ox
10.8,10.9, or 10.11, LINUX

02 Database Management SQL Lite 3

System
03 Runtime Environment PyCharm or Visual Studio Code

3.1 SYSTEM DESIGN

The section describes the system study, analysis, design strengths and
weaknesses of the current system, Contest level diagrams, Entity Relationship
Diagram, Architectural design. After interpretation of the data, tables were
drawn and process of data determined to guide the researcher of the
implementation stage of the project. The tools, which were employed during
this methodology stage, where mainly tables, Data Flow Diagrams and Entity
Relationship Diagrams. The design ensures that only allows authorized users to
access the systems information.
3.1.1. Process Flow

Figure 8: Process Flow Diagram

3.1.2. Data Flow Diagrams

Figure 9: Data Flow Diagram

3.1.3. Flow Chart

Figure 10: Customer shopping flow chat

3.1.4. UML Diagram

Figure 11: UML Diagram

3.1.5. Data Design

Figure 12: Data Diagram

3.1.6 Data Relationships

Figure 13: Data Relationship Diagrams

 CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSION

Figure 14: Customer Order Outputs

It shows the progress of the customer orders as they are processed. Customers
are able to download Invoices in pdf format.

Figure 16: Customer cat List

 Figure 17: Customer Admin Dashboard
It shows the total number of customers, total number of orders made and All
available products.

Figure 18: List of all registered Customers

Figure 19: List of all Orders Made
 Figure 20: List of all products in the system

Figure 21: Customer feedback appears in the admin dashboard

 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, building an e-commerce website for construction using
Django involves setting up the Django framework, designing the database
schema, creating Django models, and building views and templates. With
Django's powerful features and flexibility, you can create a robust and user-
friendly e-commerce platform to showcase and sell construction-related products.
Remember to consider security measures, payment integration, and user
authentication to ensure a seamless and secure online shopping experience.selling
various kinds of products by simple modifications. However, it was very
challenging learning and developing an application using a new technology.

RECOMMENDATION
There is a scope for further development in our project to a great extent. A
number of features can be added to this system in future like providing. The
feature like adding an authenticated payment system using Mpesa which is widely
used in Kenya. Another feature we wished to implement was providing classes
for customers so that different offers can be given to each class.

System may keep track of history of purchases of each customer and

provide suggestions based on their history using Machine Learning Algorithm.
These features could have been implemented if time and skills did not limit me.
 APPENDIX

Record of all procedures and Results

Registration This procedure allows the customers to sign in before making

an order. Managers of the website is created by system admin.

Product This module contains the details of all products in the store.

Price Manages Prices of products

Shopping Manages the basic flow of orders. It’s the procedure by which
a client places an order
Payment Customer makes payment at this stage. However, this system
does not have a real payment system.

Search Customers are able to search for specific product through this
procedure
Layout Customers view products from the homepage. They can
Mouse over to display product description.

Reporting The customers are able to view and download their invoices.
The system also provides room form customer feedback

Administration The system admin / business managers access the admin

dashboard that allows them to add products, view and confirm
orders.
Structure of the Project File
 Django is a Model View Control (MVC) framework

 Mange.py -This file is used basically as a command-line utility and for

deploying, debugging, or running our web application. It contains code for run-
server, or make migrations or migrations, etc. that we use in the shell. Anyway,
we do not need to make any changes to the file.
 Db.sqlite3 is the database file.
 Static folder contains all the static files like CSS and images.
 Env folder is the project specific development environment. Its created through a
command
‘virtualenev Env’
 Ecomm folder is the Django projects consisting of init, admin, models, views,
apps and forms.
o Models are basically the blueprints of the database we are using and hence
contain the information regarding attributes and the fields etc of the database.
o Views is a crucial one, it contains all the Views (usually as classes). Views.py
can be considered as a file that interacts with the client. Views are a user
interface for what we see when we render a Django Web application.
o URLs Just like the project urls.py file, this file handles all the URLs of our web
application.
 Ecommerce folder is the Django application directory consisting of the
following essential files.
o Init.py This file remains empty and is present them only to tell that this
particular directory is a package.
Settings.py This file is present for adding all the applications and the
middleware application present. Also, it has information about templates and
databases. Overall, this is the main file of our Django web application.
o Urls.py This file handles all the URLs of our web application. This file has the
lists of all the endpoints that we will have for our website.
o Wsgi.py This file mainly concerns with the WSGI server and is used for
deploying our applications on to servers like Apache etc.
o Asgi.py In the newer versions of Django, you will also find a file named as asgi.py
apart from wsgi.py. ASGI can be considered as a succeeded interface to the WSGI.
ASGI, short for Asynchronous Server Gateway interface
 Templates Files

Templates Folder contains all the HTML files for the project
 REFERENCES
[1] Fernandez, A.& Anthony D. Miyazaki. Consumer Perceptions of Privacy and
Security Risks for Online Shopping. The Journal of Consumer Affairs 35.1: 27-44.

[2] Kandra, A. (2001). The Myth of Secure E-shopping. PC World July: 29-32.

[3] Halpin, M. (2011). 10 Things Your Mother Never Told You About Online
Shopping. Yahoo! Internet Life: 61-63.

[4] Wu, J., & Guo, X. (2011). Online booking system design and experimental
realization. 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering.
doi:10.1109/iceceng.2011.6057629

[5] Kumar, V., & Singh, R. (2014). Women Online Shopping: A Critical Review of
Literature. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2466824
Appendix
Manage.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
import os
import sys

def main():
"""Run administrative tasks."""
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE",
"ecommerce.settings")
try:
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
except ImportError as exc:
raise ImportError(
"Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did
you "
"forget to activate a virtual environment?"
) from exc
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
asgi.py
"""
ASGI config for ecommerce project.

It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named

``application``.

For more information on this file, see

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/deployment/asgi/
"""

import os

from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE",
"ecommerce.settings")

application = get_asgi_application()

settings.py
"""
Django settings for ecommerce project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.1.2.

For more information on this file, see

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.

BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production

# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!

SECRET_KEY = "django-insecure-#%roz%9x@iha-&^x)v&o&-
%qij9e!xmj&*xa2$9xs*w2)l^p5n"

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in

production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
"django.contrib.admin",
"django.contrib.auth",
"django.contrib.contenttypes",
"django.contrib.sessions",
"django.contrib.messages",
"django.contrib.staticfiles",

'store.apps.StoreConfig',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
"django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
"django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
"django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
"django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
"django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
"django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
"django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
]

ROOT_URLCONF = "ecommerce.urls"

TEMPLATES = [
{
"BACKEND":
"django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
"DIRS": [],
 "APP_DIRS": True,
"OPTIONS": {
"context_processors": [
"django.template.context_processors.debug",
"django.template.context_processors.request",
"django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
"django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
],
},
},
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = "ecommerce.wsgi.application"

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
"default": {
"ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
"NAME": BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3",
}
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-
 validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
"NAME":
"django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityV
alidator",
},
{
"NAME":
"django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidato
r",
},
{
"NAME":
"django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidat
or",
},
{
"NAME":
"django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidat
or",
},
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"

TIME_ZONE = "UTC"

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),

]
MEDIA_URL = '/images/'

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR , 'static/images')

# MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/js')
# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"