ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 5

CHAPTER 1
FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

SUMMARY w = mg
where, m is the mass of the object and g , is the
acceleration due to gravity.
1. FORCE As g varies from place to place on the earth,
the weight of an object of mass m also varies. Its
Force is an external effort in the form of push
SI unit is the unit of force, i.e., Newton.
or pull which changes/tends to change the state
of rest or of uniform motion of an object along 3. RIGID BODY
a straight line or changes/tends to change the
Every material object is made up of a large
shape of the object.
number of particles. A rigid body is one whose
The SI unit of force is Newton (N). 1 Newton
size and shape remain the same whatever force
is that force which produces an acceleration of 1
be applied to different parts of it. In an actual
ms-2 in an object of mass 1 kg. The CGS unit of
practice, no material object is truly rigid.
force is dyne. 1 dyne is that force which produces
an acceleration of 1 cm2 in an object of mass 1 g. 4. MOTION OF RIGID BODY
1 N = 105 dyne A rigid object has two types of motion, viz.
The gravitational units of force are kilogram translatory motion and rotatory motion.
force (or kilogram weight) and gram force (or
gram weight) which are symbolically represented 4.1 Translational Motion
as 1 kg - f (or kg - wt) and g - f or (g - wt ) In a translational motion, on application of a
respectively. force, an object starts moving bodily with all
1 kg - f (or kg - wt) = 9.8 N its particles moving along parallel lines in the
1 g - f ^or g wt h = 980 dyne direction of force with the same speed.
In the mathematical form its is defined as the rate 4.2 Rotational Motion
of change of linear momentum
Change in momentum In a rotatory motion, when a force is applied on an
Force, F \ time object at a fixed point, an object starts rotating
p1 - p2 about that point with its particles moving along
\ t
concentric circles with different speeds.
m (v - u )
\ t & F \ ma Rotational effect of a force depends on two
factors, viz.
F = kma
(i) the magnitude of the force ]F g , and
Where, k =1 (ii) perpendicular distance of its line of action
F =ma from the axis or point about which rotation is
taking place.
2. MASS AND WEIGHT
5. SOME DEFINITIONS RELATED TO FORCE
The mass of an object is defined as the quantity
Some definition regarding to the force is given
of matter contained in the object. It is a scalar
below :
quantity. Its SI unit is kilogram (kg).
(i) Point of action of force is that point on a rigid
The weight of an object on the earth is the
object where a force acts.
gravitational pull exerted on it by the earth.
(ii) Line of action of force is an imaginary line
Weight is a vector quantity. It is expressed as
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

passing through point of action of force drawn Moment of a couple = either force #
in the direction of force.
perpendicular distance between the forces
(iii) According to the principle of transmissibility,
the effect of a force on a rigid object depends = force # couple arm
upon its magnitude and on the line along = F#d
which it acts and remains unaltered if the The SI unit of moment of couple is newton-metre
point of application is shifted to some other denoted by N - m. Its CGS unit is dyne-cm.
point on the same line of action.
9. PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS
6. MOMENT OF FORCE OR TORQUE
According to the principle of moments, the sum of
The turning effect of a force acting on an object anticlockwise moments of forces about any point
about an axis is called moment of force or torque. must be equal to the sum of clockwise moments of
Mathematically, moment of force or the torque the forces about the same point.
exerted by the force about the point is the product
of the applied force ^F h and the perpendicular 10. EQUILIBRIUM OF AN OBJECT
distance of its line of action from the point about
An object is said to be in equilibrium if a number
which the object is free to rotate.
of forces acting on it produce no change in its
Moment of force or torque produced by a
state of rest or of uniform motion (translational
force about an axis is equal to the product of the
or rotational).
magnitude of force and its lever arm about the
1. An object in equilibrium is not necessarily in
axis. It is represented by t (tau).
rest while an object at rest is necessarily in
Torque (t) = Force ^F h # Lever arm ^d=h equilibrium.
Moment of force or torque is a vector quantity. Its 2. An object is said to be in static equilibrium
SI unit is newton-metre (N-m) and CGS unit is if it remains in the state of rest under the
dyne-centimetre (dyne-cm). influence of applied forces.
1 N - m = 107 dyne - cm 3. An object is said to be in dynamic equilibrium
Moment of force is assigned a positive sign if the if it remains in the state of uniform motion
turning tendency of the force is anticlockwise and (translational or rotational).
a negative sign if the turning tendency of the force Under the action of a set of parallel forces, the
is clockwise. two conditions for an object to be in equilibrium
are:
7. COUPLE (i) The resultant of all the forces acting on an
Couple is a pair of equal and opposite forces whose object must be equal to zero.
lines of action of forces are not the same. Couple (ii) The resultant moment of all the forces acting
causes the object to execute rotational motion. on the object about a point should be zero
Arm of the couple is the perpendicular i.e.the sum of the anticlockwise moments
distance between two equal and unlike parallel about any point must be equal to the sum of
forces. the clockwise moments about the same point.
8. MOMENT OF A COUPLE 11. CENTRE OF GRAVITY
The moment of a couple is equal to the product of Centre of gravity of an object is a point at which
either of the forces and the perpendicular distance its total weight may be supposed to act.
(called the arm of the couple) between their lines
of action, i.e.,
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 7

The position of the centre of gravity of some 12. STABLE EQUILIBRIUM

regular shaped objects having uniform density is An object is said to be in stable equilibrium if it
given in the following table: has a tendency to return to its original equilibrium
position after being slightly disturbed e.g., a cone
Object Figure of the Centre of
lying on its base.
object gravity
Conditions for an object in stable equilibrium are:
Uniform rod Mid-point (i) The centre of gravity of the object must be as
of rod low as possible.
Circular disc Geometric (ii) The vertical imaginary line from the centre of
centre gravity must pass through the base or area of
the support of the object.

13. UNSTABLE EQUILIBRIUM

Sphere (solid Geometric An object is said to be in unstable equilibrium if
or hollow) centre of it does not regain its original equilibrium position
the sphere after being slightly disturbed.
Conditions for an object to be in unstable
Cylinder Mid-point equilibrium are:
on the (i) The centre of gravity must be at its highest
axis of the position, and
cylinder (ii) On tilting the object slightly, the centre of
gravity is lowered but when left the centre of
Circular ring Centre of
gravity tends to lower itself further and hence
the ring
the object topples.

14. NEUTRAL EQUILIBRIUM

Rectangle or The point of An object is said to be in neutral equilibrium,
parallelogram intersection if after being slightly disturbed, the body does
of the not have any tendency either to regain its original
diagonals equilibrium position or to tilt further from its new
Triangular The point of position.
lamina intersection Conditions for an object to be in neutral
of medians equilibrium are:
(i) The centre of gravity should remain unaffected
on tilting the body, i.e. neither lowered nor
raised.
Hollow cone At a height (ii) The vertical line joining the centre of gravity
(h/3) from and centre of the earth must always fall
the base on within the base of the object.
its axis
15. UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
If an object moves on a circular path with a
Solid cone At a height constant speed, its motion is said to be a uniform
(h/4) from circular motion in a plane. In uniform circular
the base on motion, the speed of the body remains constant
its axis but direction changes continuously, due to which
velocity changes continuously, i.e. there is an
acceleration in the uniform circular motion which
is always directed towards the centre of the circle.
Cube/Cuboid At the It is called centripetal acceleration.
point of
intersection 15.1 Centripetal Force
of diagonals
If a body performing uniform circular motion, it
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

is acted upon by a force which is directed towards F= 5 N

the centre of the circle is called centripetal force. Thus (a) is correct option.
Centripetal force is not a new force. Frictional
force, gravitational force, electrical and magnetic 4. The condition for equilibrium is :
force may act as a centripetal force. (a) The resultant of moments of all the forces
acting on the body about the turning point
15.2 Centrifugal Force (a pseudo force) should be zero.
Centrifugal force (a pseudo force) is an apparent (b) The resultant of all the forces acting on the
force in a certain situation that a object appears body be zero only.
to be acted upon by a force while there is no force (c) Both (a) and (b)
acting on the object. (d) None of the above
Ans : COMP 2024

An object is in equilibrium in a reference

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION coordinate system when all external forces
(including moments) acting on it are balanced.
This means that the net result of all the external
1. A moment of couple has a tendency to rotate forces and moments acting on this object is zero.
the body in an anticlockwise direction. Then the Thus (a) is correct option.
moment of couple is taken as: 5. A moment of couple has a tendency to rotate
(a) positive (b) negative the body in an anticlockwise direction. Then the
(c) maximum (d) zero moment of couple is taken as:
Ans : SQP 2025 (a) positive (b) negative
(c) maximum (d) zero
If couple has a tendency to rotate the body in
anti-clockwise direction then its moment is Ans : SQP 2024
taken positive and if the tendency of rotation is When the body tends to rotate in the anticlockwise
clockwise then the moment is negative. direction under the influence of a Couple, then its
Thus (a) is correct option. moment is called positive moment.
2. Which of the following is a class III lever? Thus (a) is correct option.
(a) Pair of scissors (b) Wheelbarrow 6. Calculate the force which will produce a moment
(c) Crowbar (d) Human forearm of force of 1575 dyne-cm, when the perpendicular
Ans : MAIN 2024 distance between point of application of force and
turning point is 45 cm.
For class III lever force is applied in between the
(a) 75 dyne (b) 45 dyne
fulcrum and the load.
(c) 35 dyne (d) 25 dyne
In human forearm, elbow is the pivot, bicep
muscle applies the force and load is placed on the Ans : SQP 2024
palm. Hence, it is a class III lever.
Thus (d) is correct option. F=?
Moment of force = 1575 dyne-cm
3. A door lock is opened by turning the lever (handle)
of length 0.2 m. If the moment of force produced Perpendicular distance = 45 cm
is 1 Nm, then the minimum force required is F= moment of force
(a) 5 N (b) 10 N Perpendicular dis tan ce
(c) 20 N (d) 0.2 N F = 1575
45
Ans : MAIN 2024
= 35 dyne
Moment of Force = 1 N-m
Thus (c) is correct option.
Length of handle = 0.2 m
Moment of a force = Force × perpendicular
distance from the line of action of the force
1 = F × 0.2
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 9

7. The diagram below shows the balanced position at which the entire weight of a body may be
of a meter scale. considered as concentrated.
Thus (b) is correct option.

9. Moment of force is given by

(a) force × parallel distance between axis of
Which one of the following diagrams shows the rotation.
correct position of the scale, when it is supported (b) force × perpendicular distance.
at the centre? (c) Torque × perpendicular distance.
(d) None of these
Ans : SQP 2018

Moment of force = force × perpendicular distance

(a) Thus (b) is correct option.

10. When a body moves in a circular path, outward

force is called a ...............
(a) Centripetal force (b) Reaction force
(b) (c) Centrifugal force (d) Pseudo force
Ans : MAIN 2015
(c)
Centripetal force is the component of force acting
on an object in curvilinear motion which is
(d) directed towards the axis of rotation or centre of
curvature. Centrifugal force is a pseudo force in a
circular motion which acts along the radius and is
directed away from the centre of the circle.
Ans : MAIN 2021 SEM - 1
Thus (c) is correct option.

11. Clockwise moments are considered to be ...............

(a) zero (b) positive
(c) negative (d) all of these
Ans : COMP 2012
Let us suppose left side have mass m and right
side have mass m l . As a matter of convention, an anticlockwise
Consider centre of mass at 20 cm and at 70 cm for moment is taken as positive and a clockwise
left and right side respectively. moment is taken as negative.
By moment of force, Thus (c) is correct option.
mg × 20 = m l g # (30) 12. A body is acted upon by two unequal and opposite
3 forces along different lines of action of force. The
m = 2 ml
body will have
Here, left hand side is more heavy, so it will bend (a) only rectilinear motion
or rotate more towards left side as compared to (b) only rotatory motion
right side when fulcrum is placed at 50 cm mark. (c) only translatory motion
Thus (a) is correct option. (d) both (a) and (b)

8. The weight of an object lies at the ............... Ans : SQP 2010

(a) Geometric centre always Since the forces are unequal, net force will be
(b) Centre of gravity non-zero and will result in translation motion.
(c) Centre of buoyancy Also, since they are acting on two sides of the
(d) Centre of mass pivot point, they develop moments in the same
direction and the net moment will be non-zero.
Ans : COMP 2000
Thus, it results in rotational motion also.
The centre of gravity is an imaginary point Thus (b) is correct option.
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

13. As a body moves in a circular path, inward seeking The speed and the angular velocity remain
force is called ............... constant in case of uniform circular motion.
(a) Centripetal force (b) Centrifugal force Thus (b) is correct option.
(c) Tension force (d) Tangential force
18. The centre of gravity of a cricket ball is at :
Ans : MAIN 2009
(a) at any point on its surface
A centripetal force is a net force that acts on an (b) at its bottom touching the ground
object to keep it moving along a circular path. (c) its geometric centre
Thus (a) is correct option. (d) its top most point

14. Centre of gravity of a solid and hollow sphere are Ans : MAIN 2023

............... For a uniform ball, the centre of gravity lies at the

(a) almost the same point of intersection of any two of its diameters,
(b) the same which is at the geometrical centre of the ball.
(c) different Thus (c) is correct option.
(d) Geometric centre
19. Lesser the force applied ............... is the moment
Ans : COMP 2008
of force.
Due to their weights there would be a small (a) lesser (b) equal
difference in relative position of center of gravity. (c) greater (d) unit
Thus (a) is correct option. Ans : COMP 2000

15. The point of action of force on a rigid body is : Moment of force is directly proportional to force
(a) Fixed point, but can be transferred anywhere Thus (a) is correct option.
opposite to the direction of force.
(b) Fixed point on rigid body 20. The moment of couple is mathematically the :
(c) Fixed point but can be transferred any where (a) product of one force and the perpendicular
along the line of action of force. distance between the point of application of
(d) Fixed point but can be transferred anywhere force and turning point.
along the direction of force. (b) product of both forces and the perpendicular
distance between them.
Ans : MAIN 2020
(c) product of one force and the perpendicular
The point of action of force on a rigid body is a distance between two forces.
fixed point but can be transferred anywhere along (d) None of the above.
the line of action of force. Ans : SQP 2014
Thus (a) is correct option.
Moment of couple = force × couple arm.
16. The turning effect produced in a rigid body Thus (b) is correct option.
around a fixed point by the application of force
is called 21. A force F acts on a rigid body capable of turning
(a) movement of force around a fixed point. The moment of force
(b) moment of couple depends upon
(c) turning force (a) magnitude of perpendicular distance between
(d) none of these the point of action of force and the turning
point
Ans : COMP 2013
(b) magnitude of force F
The turning effect of force is called Torque (c) both (a) and (b)
Thus (a) is correct option. (d) none of these

17. A body is describing a uniform circular motion. Ans : COMP 2012

Which of the following quantities is/are constant Moment of force about the point is the product of
(a) velocity (b) speed force and the perpendicular distance between the
(c) acceleration (d) both (a) and (b) axis of rotation and line of action of force.
Hence, it depends on both of them.
Ans : SQP 2020
Thus (c) is correct option.
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 11

22. In a uniform circular motion : unit is Newton-meter (Nm).

(a) the motion of body is accelerated Thus (d) is correct option.
(b) speed of body continuously changes because
the direction of motion changes 26. The weight of a uniform half meter scale would
(c) velocity of body continuously changes because act at ............... mark.
the direction of motion changes (a) 50 cm (b) 25 cm
(d) both (b) and (c) (c) 100 cm (d) 0 cm

Ans : COMP 2017 Ans : SQP 2004

In a uniform circular motion, the speed is constant Centre of gravity would be the midpoint of 50 cm.
but the direction of motion is continuously Thus (b) is correct option.
changing due to which velocity continuously
27. The centre of gravity of a regular object will
changes. Therefore, uniform circular motion is
depend on ...............
also called as accelerated motion.
(a) Density of the body
Thus (d) is correct option.
(b) Volume of the body
23. ............... moments are considered to be positive. (c) distribution of mass
(a) Total (b) Clockwise (d) All of these
(c) Anticlockwise (d) None of these Ans : COMP 2017

Ans : MAIN 2010 Centre of gravity of given mass depend on its

Since moments are vectors hence are associated shape and on the distribution of mass.
with directions too. Thus (c) is correct option.
Thus (c) is correct option.
28. Uniform linear motion has ...............
24. Manoj of mass 55 kg and Ashok of mass 40 kg are (a) Variable speed, variable velocity
sitting on a see saw at a distance of 2 m and 1.5 m (b) Constant speed, constant velocity
respectively from the centre of the see saw in an (c) Constant speed, variable velocity
amusement park as shown in the figure. Is the see (d) Variable speed, constant velocity
saw in rotational equilibrium? Ans : SQP 2009

Same speed and same direction as it is linear

motion.
Thus (b) is correct option.

29. The centre of gravity of a regular object would

lie ...............
(a) outside the body
(b) inside the body
(c) on the body
(d) all of these
(a) data incomplete (b) Yes
Ans : MAIN 2006
(c) No (d) None of the above
2D objects on the body while 3D objects outside
Ans : COMP 2022
as well as inside the body.
According to the principle of moments the see saw Thus (d) is correct option.
in rotational equilibrium
Thus (c) is correct option. 30. Huge trailer trucks have their steering wheel of
............... diameter.
25. The unit of moment of force in SI system is : (a) least (b) large
(a) N-cm (b) dyne-m (c) small (d) all of these
(c) dyne-cm (d) N-m
Ans : SQP 2018
Ans : MAIN 2014
Larger couple arm large is moment of couple.
Moment of force is defined as the product of force Thus (b) is correct option.
and perpendicular distance from the axis; so its SI
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

31. Centre of gravity is ............... when it is a hollow Ans : SQP 2011

cone. Moment of force = F # OA

(a) centre of vertical axis
(b) raised from the base 2 = F # 0.5
(c) lower towards the base
(d) none of these
Ans : MAIN 2016

Lighter the object the more is the height of CG

from the base.
Thus (b) is correct option.

32. For equilibrium, ............... sum of all moments F = 20 = 40 N

0.5
is equal to ............... sum of all anticlockwise
Thus (b) is correct option.
moments.
(a) Arithmetic, arithmetic 35. The relation between CGS and SI unit of moment
(b) Algebraic, algebraic of force is
(c) Total, none of (a) 1 Nm = 105 dyne cm
(d) All of these (b) 1 Nm = 105 dyne
Ans : SQP 2000 (c) 1 Nm = 107 dyne cm
(d) 1 dyne-cm = 107 Nm
Since moments are vectors hence are associated
with directions too. Ans : SEM-I 2021
Thus (a) is correct option.
1 newton = 105 dyne
33. A force of 50 N produces a moment of force of 10 1 Nm = 105 × 102 dyne-cm
Nm in a rigid body. Calculate the perpendicular
distance between the point of application of force 1 Nm = 107 dyne-cm
and the turning point is 45 cm. Thus (c) is correct option.
(a) 1.5 m (b) 0.1 m
36. Find the resultant moment of couple if two equal
(c) 0.2 m (d) 0.8 m
forces each of 6 N are acting at a distance of 3 cm
Ans : COMP 2000 each from the centre.
(a) 3.6 Nm (b) 0.36 Nm
Force F = 50 N
(c) 360 Nm (d) 36 Nm
Moment of force = 10 Nm
Ans : COMP 2019
Moment of force = F # Perpendicular distance
Distance given is radius but diameter is couple
Hence, Perpendicular distance = 10 = 0.2 m arm so multiply by 2.
50
Couple arm = 3 × 2 = 6 cm = 0.06 m
Thus (c) is correct option. Moment of couple is given by
34. The diagram alongside shows a force F acting = force × couple arm
at point A, such that it produces a moment of = 6 × 0.06 = 0.36 Nm
force of 20 Nm in clockwise direction. Calculate Thus (b) is correct option.
the magnitude of force F .
37. A uniform metre scale is balanced at 20 cm mark,
when a weight of 100 gf is suspended from one
end. Where must the weight be suspended ?
Calculate the weight of the metre scale.
(a) 77.77 gf (b) 11.11 gf
(c) 88.88 gf (d) 66.66 gf
Ans : SQP 2008
(a) 30 N (b) 40 N
(c) 10 N (d) 20 N Let W be the weight of metre scale. As the scale is
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 13

balanced at 20 cm and 100 gf is suspended on one

end (0 mark). The weight of longer arm i.e. BC is
balanced by 100 gf.

(a) 10 cm (b) 60 cm
(c) 30 cm (d) 40 cm
Ans : SQP 2000

Clockwise moment = Anti clockwise moment Two forces F1 = F2 are parallel but in opposite
W # 30 = 20 # 100 direction constitute a couple

W = 2000
30
= 66.66 gf
Weight of 100 gf should be suspended at zero
mark.
Thus (d) is correct option.

38. A uniform metre scale balances horizontally on a

Moment of couple = F # = distance AB
knife edge placed at 55 cm mark, when a mass of
25 g is supported from one end. Draw the diagram 9 Nm = 15 N # 2r (radius)
of the arrangement. Calculate mass of the scale.
r = 9 = 0.30 m
(a) 400 g (b) 275 g 30
(c) 100 g (d) 225 g = 30 cm
Ans : MAIN 2010 Thus (c) is correct option.

40. A force of 50 dyne acts on a rigid body, such that

the perpendicular distance between the fulcrum
and the point of application of force is 75 cm.
Calculate the moment of force.
(a) 2500 dyne cm (b) 3750 dyne cm
(c) 3975 dyne cm (d) 1580 dyne cm
Ans : MAIN 2015

As the metre scale is balanced at 55 cm mark Force F = 50 dyne

i.e. large arm is balanced by arm BC and 25 g is Perpendicular distance = 75 cm
suspended at one end i.e. at 100 cm mark
Moment of force = F # Perpendicular distance
Hence, Anticlockwise moment = clockwise
moment = 50 # 75
W # (55 - 50) = 25 # (100 - 55) = 3750 dyne cm
5W = 25 # 45 Thus (b) is correct option.

W = 25 # 45 = 225 g 41. Find the maximum force required to open a nut

5
by a spanner of length 50 cm producing a torque
Thus (d) is correct option. of 50 Nm?
39. Two forces F1 and F2 are applied on a circular body (a) 0.1 N (b) 10 N
such that moment of couple is 9 Nm in clockwise (c) 100 N (d) None of these
direction. Calculate the radius of circular body. Ans : COMP 2000
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

Moment of force = force × perpendicular distance Moment of couple = F # diameter AB

50 30 = F # (2 # 1.5)
50 = Force× 100
50×100 = F = 30 = 10 N
Force = 100 N 3
50
Thus (a) is correct option.
Thus (c) is correct option.
44. A see-saw 8 m long is balanced in the middle.
42. Study the diagram given below and calculate the
Two children of mass 30 kgf and 40 kgf are sitting
moment of couple.
on the same side of the fulcrum at a distance of
1.5 m and 3.5 m from the fulcrum respectively.
Where must a lady weighing 60 kgf sit from the
fulcrum, so as to balance the see-saw ?
(a) 6.15 m (b) 4.15 m
(c) 3.08 m (d) 2.17 m
Ans : MAIN 2011
(a) 2 Nm (b) 1 Nm
(c) 6 Nm (d) 4 Nm
Ans : COMP 2023

F1 = F2 = F = 5 N forces being equal opposite

and parallel Couple arm = 1.2 m
Hence, the moment of couple
= F # Perpendicular distance
= 5 # 1.2
= 6 Nm
Thus (c) is correct option.
Let lady of 60 kgf sits at a distance from 4 metre
43. Two forces F1 = F2 are applied on a wheel of mark
1.5 m radius, such that moment of couple is 30 Hence, Anti-clock wise moment = clockwise
Nm. Calculate the magnitude of each of the force. moment
60 # x = (30 # 1.5) + (40 # 3.5)
60x = 45 + 140 = 185
x = 185
60
= 18.5 = 3.08 m
6
(a) 10 N (b) 60 N Hence, Lady must sit on opposite side of children
(c) 20 N (d) 40 N at 3.08 m from fulcrum F .
Thus (c) is correct option.
Ans : SQP 2017

Anticlockwise direction 45. From the given figure, calculate moment of force
about (i) P and (ii) Q.

F1 = F2 = F in opp. direction and are parallel

Hence constitute a couple.
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 15

(a) 10 N-m clockwise, 5 Nm anti-clockwise 47. When a car of mass M passes through a convex
(b) 5 N-m clockwise, 10 Nm anti-clockwise bridge of radius r with velocity v , then it exerts a
(c) 10 N-m clockwise, 10 Nm anti-clockwise force on it. What is the magnitude of the force ?
2 2
(d) 5 N-m clockwise, 5 Nm clockwise (a) Mv (b) Mg - Mv
r r
Ans : COMP 2015
2

From the given figure, (c) Mg + Mv (d) Mg

r
(i) At point P two torques t 1 and t 2 acting
from distances 0.05 m and (0.2 - 0.05 = 0.15) Ans : COMP 2017

0.15 m. When a car of mass M passes through a convex

Hence, bridge of radius r with velocity v , it exerts a force
Torque, t 1 = force # distance on it, in following ways
(i) The weight mg of the car acting vertically
= 25 # 0.05
downwards.
= 1.25 N clockwise (ii) Normal reaction R of the road on the car,
Torque, t 2 = 25 # (0.2 - 0.05) acting vertically upwards. As the radius of
the bridge is r , hence the centripetal force
= 25 # 0.15 is along the surface of the road, towards the
= 3.75 N clockwise centre of turn.
2
Hence, Total torque = t 1 + t 2 Hence, the magnitude of force = Mg - Mv .
r
= 1.25 + 3.75 Thus (b) is correct option.
= 5 Nm, clockwise 48. Two forces each of magnitude 2 N act vertically
(ii) Now, at point Q two torques t 1 and t 2 will be upward and downward respectively on two ends
t 1 = F1 # 0 = 0 of a uniform rod of length 1m, freely pivoted at its
centre. Determine the resultant moment of forces
t 2 = 25 # 0.2
about the mid-point of the rod.
= 25 # 2 (a) 6 Nm (b) 2 Nm
10
(c) 4 Nm (d) 1 Nm
= 5 N, clockwise
Ans : SQP 2006
Hence, net torque = t 1 + t 2
As the two equal forces 2 N are acting at the ends
= 0 + 5 = 5 Nm, clockwise of pivoted rod AB. These constitute a couple in
Thus (d) is correct option. anti-clockwise direction.

46. The length of seconds hand of a clock is 10 cm.

The angular speed of the tip of the hand is
(a) p rad s-1 (b) p rad s-1
300 40
(c) p rad s-1 (d) p rad s-1
3000 30

Ans : MAIN 2000

Moment of force at A about
Length of seconds hand of a clock = 10 cm.
O = 2 # 1 = 1 Nm
Angular speed, w = q 2
t
Moment of force at B about
But q = 2p , t = 60 s
O = 2 # 1 = 1 Nm
2
w = 2p
60 Hence, Resultant moment of force 1 + 1 = 2 Nm
Thus (b) is correct option.
= p rad s-1
30
Thus (d) is correct option.
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

49. A tap is used to fill bucket of water under a tap as Ans : SQP 2018

shown in the figure. Name the force acting on the

tap which produces rotational motion?

Let w be the mass of metre scale acting a mid

point 50 cm.
Clock wise moment = 40 # (80 - 60)
= 40 # 20
= 800 gf cm ...(1)
(a) Centripetal force (b) Tension force Anticlockwise moments
(c) Centrifugal force (d) Couple = 5 # (60 - 10) + w # (60 - 50)
Ans : MAIN 2007
= (250 + 10w) gf cm ...(2)
While opening a tap the system of forces acting Anticlockwise moment = clock wise moment
are two equal opposite and parallel forces.
Thus (d) is correct option. 250 + 10w = 800
10w = 800 - 250 = 550
50. A mechanic can open a nut by applying 120 N
force while using a lever of 50 cm length. How w = 550 = 55 gf
10
long should the handle be, if he wishes to open, it
Thus (d) is correct option.
by applying a force of only 40 N ?
(a) 1.5 m (b) 1 m 52. A couple of 15 N force acts on a rigid body, such
(c) 2.5 m (d) 2 m that the arm of couple is 85 cm. Calculate the
Ans : COMP 2010 moment of couple in S.I. system.
(a) 25.00 dyne (b) 15.80 dyne
A nut cracker is an example of second class of
(c) 37.50 dyne (d) 12.75 dyne
lever, where fulcrum is one side and load (nut) is
between fulcrum and effort. Ans : COMP 2023
According to the question,
Force F = 15 N
Moment of force = F # d
Arm of the couple = 85 cm = 85 m
= 120 # 50 = 60 Nm 100
100
Hence, Moment of the couple = F # force arm
As the same moment of force acts on the
nutcracker by applying a force of 40 N, then = 15 # 85
100
applying formula.
Moment of force = F # d = 12.75 Nm
Thus (d) is correct option.
60 = 40 # d
d = 60 = 3 = 1.5 m 53. What type of motions are exhibited by a vehicle
40 2 and its wheels?
Thus (a) is correct option. (a) Translatory and rotatory
(b) Rotatory
51. A uniform metre scale is balanced at 60 cm mark, (c) Translatory
when weights of 5 gf and 40 gf are suspended at 10 (d) None of these
cm mark and 80 cm mark respectively. Calculate
the weight of the metre scale. Ans : SQP 2022

(a) 25 gf (b) 15 gf As the vehicle is moving in forward direction,

(c) 37 gf (d) 55 gf but wheels are revolving i.e., executing circular
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ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 17

motion. Ans : SQP 2017

Hence, option (a), a vehicle and its wheels execute Mass of the particle = m
translatory and rotatory motion.
As, the particle is executing a uniform circular
Thus (a) is correct option. 2
motion, it will be accelerated with vr directed
54. A rectangular thin plate of dimension 3m × 4m is towards the centre as it is moving with a circle of
balanced on the fulcrum as shown below Find the radius r and moving with uniform speed.
resultant moment of force? According to Newton’s second law of motion,
2
Centripetal force, Fc = mv
r
Rearranging, it can be written as,
2
Fc = mv $ m
r m

(mv) 2 p2
= =
mr mr
(a) 6 N-m clockwise Thus (d) is correct option.
(b) 5 N-m anticlockwise
(c) 9 N-m anticlockwise 57. 10-10 Nm is equal to ............... dyne cm.
(d) 9 N-m clockwise (a) 0.001 (b) 10-4
(c) 10 (d) None of these
Ans : MAIN 2010

The longer length is the length of rectangle Ans : COMP 2014

at which 6 N force acts producing a clockwise 1 Nm = 107 dyne cm

moment while 5 N force acts along the breadth of
the rectangle producing anti clockwise moments. 10 -10 Nm = 107 ×10 -10
Use the sign convention and calculate the resultant = 10 -3 = 0.001 dyne-cm
force. Thus (a) is correct option.
Thus (d) is correct option.
58. The diagram along side shows a force F = 5 N
55. The gate of a building is 3 m broad. It can be acting at point A produces a moment of force of
opened by applying 100 N force at the middle 6 Nm about point O . What is the diameter of the
of the gate. Calculate the least force required to wheel ?
open this gate, (at a point 6 m)
(a) 20 N (b) 30 N
(c) 50 N (d) 10 N
Ans : COMP 2011

Torque required to open the door will remain

constant.
r1 # F1 = r2 # F2
(a) 3.4 m (b) 2.4 m
3 # 100 = 6 # F2
(c) 4.6 m (d) 1.0 m
F2 = 3 # 100 = 50 N
6 Ans : SQP 2004

Thus (c) is correct option.

Force, F = 5 N
56. A practice of mass m is executing a uniform Moment of force = 6 Nm
circular motion on a path of radius r. If p is the
magnitude of its linear momentum, then what is
the radial force acting on the particle?
p
(a) (b) rm2
m p
p2
(c) r (d)
p mr
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

r = OA = ? Perpendicular distance = 1.75 m

Moment of force = Force × OA Force F = 80 N
6 = OA # 5 Moment of force = F # perpendicular distance
OA = 6 = 1.2 m = 80 # 1.75
5
= 140.00 = 140 Nm
Hence, diameter = 2r
Thus (d) is correct option.
= 2 # 1.2 = 2.4 m
Thus (b) is correct option. 61. Calculate the length of the arm of couple, if a
force of 13 N produces a moment of couple of
59. Two particles of equal masses are revolving in 14.3 Nm.
circular paths of radii r1 and r2 respectively, with (a) 2.75 m (b) 3.75 m
the same speed. The ratio of their centripetal (c) 1.1 m (d) 1.5 m
forces is
Ans : SQP 2018
(a) a r1 k r2
2
(b)
r2 r1 Force, F = 13 N
(c) a r2 k (d) r2
2
r1 r1 Moment of couple = 14.3 Nm
Moment of couple = F # arm of couple
Ans : MAIN 2006
14.3 = 13 # arm of couple
Centripetal force is given by,
FC = mv
2
Hence, Arm of couple = 14.3 = 1.1 m
r 13
Thus (c) is correct option.
Where, m = mass of the particle
v = velocity of the particle 62. A uniform metre scale of weight 50 gf is balanced
at the 40 cm mark, when a weight of 100 gf is
r = radius of circular path suspended at the 5 cm mark. Where must a weight
Now according to the question, of 80 gf be suspended to balance the metre scale ?
2
For mass m1 , F1 = m1 v2 1 ...(i) (a) 66.00 cm (b) 70.00 cm
r1 (c) 77.5 cm (d) 10.00 cm
2
For mass m2 , F2 = m2 v2 2 ...(ii) Ans : COMP 2014
r2
Hence, the ratio of their centripetal force is
obtained dividing equation (i) and (ii). Hence,
m1 v 12
F1 = r1
F2 m2 v 22
r2

But as the masses of both the particles are same

i.e., m1 = m2 = m and speeds are same i.e., v1
= v2 = v
Then,
F1 = mv2 r2 = r2
F2 r1 # mv2 r1 Let a wt. of 80 gf be placed at a distance x from
Thus (d) is correct option. 40 cm mark.
Clock wise moments = Anticlockwise moment
60. The perpendicular distance between the point
of application of force and the turning point is (80 # x) + 50 # (50 - 40) = 100 # (40 - 5)
1.75 m, when a force of 80 N acts on a rigid body. 80x + 500 = 3500
Calculate the moment of force.
(a) 370 Nm (b) 180 Nm 80x = 3500 - 500
(c) 220 Nm (d) 140 Nm = 3000
Ans : COMP 2019 x = 3000 = 37.5 cm
80
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 19

Hence, A is at 40 + 37.5 = 77.5 cm mark M = 250 # 30 = 750 gf

Thus (c) is correct option. 10
Thus (c) is correct option.
63. Essential characteristic of equilibrium is
(a) Kinetic energy is equals to zero. 65. Force in linear motion has its analogue in
(b) Velocity equals to zero. rotational motion ?
(c) Acceleration equals to zero. (a) Torque
(d) Momentum equals to zero. (b) Angular momentum
(c) Weight
Ans : MAIN 2012
(d) Moment of inertia
Essential characteristics of equilibrium is the total
Ans : MAIN 2007
force i.e., the vector sum of ail forces acting on the
rigid body is zero. Force in linear motion has its analogue with torque
n
in rotational motion, because moment of force =
i.e., / Fi = 0 = F1 + F2 + .... + Fn force #the perpendicular distance of the line of
i=1
As mass cannot be zero, hence acceleration equals action of the force moving towards the point.
to zero. Thus (a) is correct option.
Thus (c) is correct option.

64. A uniform wooden beam AB , 80 cm long and

weighing 250 gf, is supported on a wedge as shown ASSERTION AND REASON
in the figure. Calculate the greatest weight which
can be placed on end A without causing the beam
to tilt. 66. Assertion : Uniform circular motion is an
accelerated motion.
Reason : In uniform circular motion, an object
moves with constant speed but variable velocity.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true.
(b) Both assertion and reason are false.
(c) Assertion is false but reason is true.
(d) Assertion is true but reason is false.
Ans :
In uniform circular motion, the body moves with
(a) 375 gf (b) 560 gf constant speed in circular path, but its direction of
(c) 750 gf (d) 100 gf motion keeps on changing continuously. Thus, the
velocity of the object in uniform circular motion
Ans : SQP 2015
is variable and such motion is called accelerated
motion.
Thus (a) is correct option.

67. Assertion : The moment of force for force 10 N

applied at a distance of 20 cm from the pivot will
be 0.02 Nm.
Reason : The moment of force is ratio of
perpendicular distance of the line of action of the
force for axis of rotation and magnitude of force.
(a) Both Assertion and reason are true
(b) Both Assertion and reason are false
(c) Assertion is false but reason is true
Let M gf be suspended at A as shown in the
(d) Assertion is true but reason is false
above figure. Hence,
Ans :
Anticlockwise wise moment = clockwise moment
The moment of force is the product of
M # 10 = 250 # (40 - 10)
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

perpendicular distance of the line of action of the motion only.

force for axis of rotation and magnitude of force. (a) Both assertion and reason are true
F = 10 N, r = 20 cm = 0.2 m (b) Both assertion and reason are false
(c) Assertion is false but reason is true
Moment of force = F × r = 10 × 0.2 = 2 Nm (d) Assertion is true but reason is false
Thus (b) is correct option.
Ans :
68. Assertion : The moment of force depends Linear motion is also known as translational
upon magnitude of the force applied and the motion. When force acting on stationary object
perpendicular distance of the line of action of makes it to move in a straight path then the body
force from the axis of rotation. is said to have translational or linear motion.
Reason : The opening and shutting of the door is And when a free body is acted upon by two
possible due to the moment of force. unequal forces in opposite direction, but not in
(a) Both assertion and reason are true one line, then the body possesses both rotational
(b) Both assertion and reason are false as well as translational motion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false Thus (d) is correct option.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true
Ans :
The turning effect on the body about its axis is
due to the moment of force or torque applied on
ONE MARK QUESTIONS
the body. To open and shut the door the force
is applied normally on the door at its handle
which provided at the maximum distance from DIRECTION : Fill in the blanks :
the hinges.
Thus (a) is correct option. 71. When a stone tied to a string is rotated in a
horizontal plane, the tension in the string provides
69. Assertion : A duster lying on the table is an
............... force necessary for circular motion.
example of static equilibrium.
(Centripetal, centrifugal)
Reason : When a body remains in the same state
of motion under the influence of several forces Ans : MAIN 2024
then the body is in static equilibrium. Centripetal
(a) Both assertion and reason are true
(b) Both assertion and reason are false 72. In a beam balance when the beam is balanced in a
(c) Assertion is false but reason is true horizontal position, it is in ............... equilibrium.
(d) Assertion is true but reason is false (stable/unstable)
Ans : Ans : MAIN 2015

When a body remains in a state of rest under the Stable

influence of several forces, then the body is in
static equilibrium. Thus, the duster which lie on 73. A ............... handle with a screw jack is used so
the table in state of rest is the example of static that the required force decreases. (Long/short)
equilibrium. Ans : SQP 2023
When a body remains in the same state of motion
Long
under the influence of several forces then the body
is said to be in dynamic equilibrium. 74. The centre of gravity of a ............... (Uniform/
Thus (d) is correct option. Non Uniform) ring is situated at its geometrical
centre.
70. Assertion : When a force acts on a stationary rigid
body which is free to move and if body starts Ans : MAIN 2015
moving in straight path in direction of applied Uniform
force, then it is said to be linear motion.
Reason : If free body is acted upon by two unequal 75. ............... is defined as a set of two equal and
forces in opposite direction, but not in one line, opposite forces acting along different lines of
the effect is that the body will possess rotational action. (Couple/Moment).
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 21
Ans : MAIN 2019
Distribution of mass.
Couple
84. The position of the centre of gravity of a body
76. The centre of gravity of an object of given mass remains unchanged even when the body is
depends on its ............... (shape/Density) deformed.’ State whether the statement is true
or false.
Ans : MAIN 2016
Ans : COMP 2013
Shape
False
DIRECTION : Answer the following : 85. Where is the centre of gravity of a uniform ring
situated?
77. Name the unit of physical quantity obtained by
Ans : MAIN 2000
the formula 2 K/V2 , where K : Kinetic energy, V
: Linear velocity. The centre of gravity of a uniform ring is situated
at its geometrical centre.
Ans : COMP 2000

Js m .
–2 –2 86. What is the SI unit of the moment of force?
Ans : COMP 2015
78. Where is the centre of gravity of a uniform ring
situated ? N-m.
Ans : COMP 2013 87. Define equilibrium.
At its geometric centre. Ans : SQP 2015

79. What do you mean by kilogram force and write It is a state in which net force acting on a body
its relation with newton? or system is zero.

Ans : MAIN 2015 88. Why do we use a long handle with a screw jack?
One kilogram force (kg f ) is the force required to Ans : COMP 2012
lift a body of mass 1 kilogram. In a screw jack, a long handle helps us to apply
1 kg f = 9.8 N less force F at a good distance from the axis of
rotation making d= large so as to give a large
80. Which type of motions are exhibited by a vehicle turning effect.
and its wheels?
89. Can the couple acting on a rigid object produce
Ans : SQP 2010
translatory motion?
The motion of vehicle is translatory and the
Ans : MAIN 2014
motion of wheels is rotatory.
No, the couple acting on a rigid object cannot
81. Why do we use a long handle with a screw jack ? produce translatory motion, it can cause only
Ans : COMP 2007 rotatory motion.
A long handle with a screw jack is used so that 90. A small coin is placed on a rotating record. The
the required force decreases. coin does not slip on the record. Where does it get
the centripetal force from ?
82. What do you mean by axis of rotation?
Ans : SQP 2020
Ans : SQP 2005
The necessary centripetal force is provided by the
Axis of rotation is the line or point about which
force of friction between the coin and the record.
the object rotates. It may be within the object or
outside the object. 91. Can the centre of gravity of a body be outside it?
If yes, give one example.
83. On what factor does the position of the centre of
gravity of a body depend? Ans : MAIN 2021

Ans : SQP 2015 Yes, the CG of a body can be outside the body.
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

The CG of a uniform ring is at its centre, a point TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

which is not on the body.

92. What do you mean by axis of rotation? 99. A hollow ice cream cone has height 6 cm.
Ans : COMP 2017 1. Where is the position of its centre of gravity
from the broad base?
Axis of rotation is the line or point about which
2. Will its position change when it is filled
the object rotates. It may be within the object or
completely with honey? Write Yes or No.
outside the object.
Ans : MAIN 2024
93. Can the moment of a force be zero even if the
force is not zero? If so, when? 1. The centre of gravity from the broad base is
at a height h = 6 = 2 cm.
Ans : SQP 2018 3 3
2. Yes.
Yes, if the line of action passes through the point
about which moment is to be calculated. 100. (i) Define moment of force.
(ii) Write the relationship between SI and CGS
94. Why is it easier to open the cap of a pen with two unit of moment of force.
fingers than with one finger?
Ans : SQP 2020
Ans : MAIN 2000
(i) It is defined as the product of force and the
This is so because when we use two fingers, a arm of the couple.
couple is formed. This couple enables us to open (ii) 1 nm = 107 dyne-cm.
the cap of the pen easily.
101. (i) Define couple.
95. Why it is difficult to open the door by pushing it (ii) State its SI unit.
or pulling it at the hinge ? Explain.
Ans : MAIN 2019
Ans : COMP 2015
(i) It is defined as a set of two equal and opposite
This is so because near the hinge, the distance of forces acting along different lines of action.
the point of application of force from the axis of (ii) SI unit is N m.
rotation becomes negligible, so the force applied
increases. 102. A brass ball is hanging from a stiff cotton thread.
Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the forces
96. Can a simple machine act as a force multiplier acting on the brass ball and the cotton thread.
and speed multiplier simultaneously in the same
Ans : COMP 2017
machine?
The diagram is as shown :
Ans : SQP 2018

No, Machines which are force multipliers do not

gain in speed and vice-versa.

97. What types of motions are executed by a vehicle

and its wheels ?
Ans : COMP 2011

The vehicle executes translatory but the wheels

execute rotatory motion.

98. Mention the names of a few bodies which can be

considered as rigid bodies for practical purposes.
Ans : COMP 2017

In actual practice a rigid body is not possible 103. Why are railway wagons not loaded beyond a
but for practical purposes stone, metal, glass and certain limit?
wood are considered as rigid bodies.
Ans : COMP 2005
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 23

Railway wagons are not loaded beyond a certain Ans : SQP 2020

limit because it raises the centre of gravity of the False (Because position of centre of gravity of a
wagon. Thus, while going around the sharp turns, body depends on distribution of mass in it so, if
the line joining the centre of gravity and centre of body is deformed mass distribution varies and so
the earth may falls outside the base of the wagon position of centre of gravity also varies).
which can cause derailment.
108. On what factor does the centre of gravity of an
104. When a body is placed on a table top, it exerts a object depend? Give the example of objects whose
force equal to its weight downwards on the table centre of gravity lie outside the object.
top but does not move or fall.
Ans : MAIN 2009

The centre of gravity of an object of given mass

depends on its shape, e.g., the centre of gravity of
a wire is at its mid-point but if this wire is bent
into the form of a circle, its centre of gravity will
be at the centre of the circle. Other examples in
which centre of gravity lies outside the material
are centre of gravity of ring, hollow sphere,
L-shaped objects, etc.
(i) Name the force exerted by the table top.
(ii) What is the direction of the force ? 109. Where does the position of centre of gravity lie
Ans : COMP 2015 for:
(a) a circular lamina,
(i) Reaction force.
(b) a triangular lamina?
(ii) Upwards.
Ans : MAIN 2011
105. Is it possible to have an accelerated motion with
(a) The position of centre of gravity for a circular
a constant speed? Explain.
lamina lies at the geometric centre.
Ans : SQP 2014 (b) For a triangular lamina, the position of centre
Yes, it is possible to have accelerated motion with a of gravity lies at the centroid or point of
constant speed. For example, in a uniform circular intersection of medians.
motion, the body moves with constant linear
110. Given figure shows a heavy roller with axle at
speed with a constant centripetal acceleration
O which is to be pulled on to pavement XY
acting towards the centre of the circle.
by applying minimum possible force. Draw the
106. Give any two effects of a force on a non-rigid diagram and mark the direction in which the
body. force should be applied.

Ans : MAIN 2000

Force when applied on a non-rigid body can :

(i) change the dimensions (shape/size) of body.
(ii) cause motion in the body.

107. ‘The position of the centre of gravity of a body

remains unchanged even when the body is
deformed.’ State whether the statement is true Ans : SQP 2000
or false.
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

111. What is meant by the term ‘moment of force’ ? 117. How do you assign the sign to clockwise/anti-
clockwise moment of force?
Ans : MAIN 2001

Moment of force produced by a force about an Ans : SQP 2007

axis is equal to the product of the magnitude Moment of force is assigned a positive sign if the
of force and its lever arm about the axis. It is turning tendency of the force is anticlockwise and
represented by t . a negative sign if turning tendency of the force is
Torque, (t) = Force ]F g × Lever arm ^d=h clockwise.

118. Self-erecting toy or rolly polly doll is made heavier

112. Give any two effects of a force on a non-rigid
at the base. Explain why.
body.
Ans : SQP 2010
Ans : COMP 2013
Self-erecting toy or rolly polly doll is made curved
Effects of a force on a non-rigid body:
and heavily loaded at its base so that its centre
(i) can change the dimension of the body.
of gravity remains lowest in the vertical position.
(ii) can start/stop the motion of the body.
Thus, when it is turned even through an angle of
113. Why are the passengers not allowed to stand in a 90°, its centre of gravity is raised and falls within
small boat while crossing a river? the base of toy. When external force is removed
from the toy, it regains its stable equilibrium, i.e.
Ans : MAIN 2018
becomes erect.
Passengers are not allowed to stand in a small
boat because standing raises the centre of gravity 119. Why does a coolie carrying load on his back bend
of the boat, due to which line joining the centre forward?
of gravity and the centre of the earth may fall Ans : MAIN 2015
outside the base of the boat crossing the river.
A coolie carrying load on his back has to lean
Thus, boat can capsize.
forward to bring down the centre of gravity of
114. Why skidding takes place usually on a rainy day the load and himself as low as possible and to
along a curved path? keep the vertical line passing through the centre
of gravity of the whole system between his feet.
Ans : MAIN 2003
Hence he remains in stable equilibrium.
Skidding takes place on a rainy day because the
force of friction between the road and the tyres 120. What do you mean by (a) a rigid object and (b)
considerably decreases and is not sufficient to a non-rigid object?
supply the necessary centripetal force. Ans : COMP 2020

115. If the moment of force is assigned a negative sign (a) A rigid object is one in which the constituent
then will the turning tendency of the force be atoms/molecules are strongly bound to each
clockwise or anticlockwise? other and the object does not budge under
the action of ordinary force, e.g., steel, etc.
Ans : SQP 2000
(b) A non-rigid object is one which changes its
If the moment of force is assigned a negative shape and/or size when a force acts on it,
sign, the turning tendency of the force will be e.g., wet clay, putty, etc.
clockwise.
121. What is meant by equilibrium ? State the necessary
116. Force is applied on a body capable of rotation conditions for a body to be in equilibrium.
about an axis, yet no rotation occurs. Explain.
Ans : SQP 2023
Ans : COMP 2009
A body is said to be in equilibrium under the
The effect of a force applied on a body depends action of a number of forces, if the forces are
upon the line of action of the force. There will be not able to produce any change in the state of
no turning moments of a force, if its line of action rest or of uniform motion or uniform rotation.
passes through the axis of rotation and hence no For a body to be in equilibrium, the following
rotation takes place. conditions must be satisfied :
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 25

(i) Vector sum of all the forces acting on the When a person climbs up a hill, he bends himself
body must be zero, i.e., / Fi = 0 . in the forward direction and adjusts his centre
(ii) Vector sum of all the torques of the different of gravity in such a way that the vertical line
forces must also be zero, i.e., / t i = 0 . joining the centre of gravity and the centre of the
earth falls within the base of his feet. Thus, the
122. What will happen to the Earth, if the Sun stops condition of stable equilibrium is satisfied and the
to attract the Earth ? person does not fall.
Ans : COMP 2015 Due to similar reason a person coming down a hill
bends backwards.
The force of gravitation between the Earth and
the Sun keeps Earth in its orbit around the Earth. 127. What do you mean by the terms
If the Sun does not attract the Earth, it will move (i) translational motion and
in a straight line tangent to path at the time of (ii) rotational motion?
motion.
Ans : SQP 2009
123. To pull open a heavy gate using minimum force (i) In translational motion on application of a
where and in what direction the force should be force; the object starts moving bodily with all
applied? Why ? its particles moving along parallel lines in the
Ans : MAIN 2012 direction of force with the same speed.
(ii) In rotatory motion, when a force is applied on
Moment of force = Force # Perpendicular distance an object at a fixed point, the object starts
For a given force, the torque will be maximum, rotating about that point with its particles
if perpendicular distance is maximum. The moving along concentric circles with different
force should be, therefore, applied in a direction speeds.
perpendicular to the plane of the gate.
128. Why are the racing cars very broad and very low
124. Explain briefly the role of the position of CG in in height?
(a) loading a ship
Ans : MAIN 2008
(b) sitting/standing on the upper deck of a bus.
Racing car is specially designed with a very broad
Ans : SQP 2004
base and very low in height which keeps its centre
(a) Loading a ship : Cargo is loaded in the lowest of gravity very low. Thus, when this car takes
deck of a ship. This considerably lowers sharp turn, at very high speed, the vertical line
the CG and hence the turning moments of joining its centre of gravity and centre of the
the weight also decrease. This increases the earth always falls within its base, which keeps it
stability of the ship. in stable equilibrium.
(b) Sitting/Standing on the upper deck of a bus
: Passengers are usually advised not to stand 129. Give a few examples of couple.
in the upper deck of the double deck bus. Ans : COMP 2004
When the passengers are standing, the CG
Rotation of an object is due to couple. Few
rises. This decreases the stability of the bus.
examples of couple are: turning a water tap,
When the passengers are sitting, the CG gets
tightening of the cap of an ink-pot, winding a
lowered and stability of the bus increases.
clock with the key, steering of a four wheeler,
125. Is torque a scalar or a vector quantity ? If vector, driving the pedal of a bicycle, opening of a door
what is its direction ? (rotation is produced by the force we exert and an
equal and opposite reaction at the hinge).
Ans : COMP 2010

Torque is a vector quantity. Its direction is along 130. Define moment of a force about an axis.
the axis of rotation, i.e., perpendicular to the Ans : SQP 2002
plane of rotation.
The moment of a force about an axis of rotation
126. Explain why does one lean forward while climbing is the turning effect of the force about the axis
up a hill. of rotation. It is measured by the product of the
force and the perpendicular distance between the
Ans : COMP 2003
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

axis of rotation and the line of action of the force. (ii) What is the direction of the force?

131. What are the factors on which rotational effect of Ans : SQP 2014

a force depends? (i) Force exerted by the table top on the body is
Ans : MAIN 2009
normal reaction force.
(ii) The direction of the force is vertically
Rotational effect of a force depends on two upwards.
factors, viz.
(i) the magnitude of the force (F), and 136. Why is heavy luggage loaded near the bottom of
(ii) perpendicular distance of its line of action a ship?
from the axis or point about which rotation is
taking place. Ans : MAIN 2005

Ship is loaded with heavy luggage near the bottom

132. What do you understand by equilibrium? Can
to lower down the centre of gravity. Hence the
an object be acted upon by several forces in
line joining the centre of gravity and the centre
equilibrium? If yes, name the type of equilibrium.
of earth does not fall outside the base of the ship
Ans : COMP 2010 when it pitches or rolls in the sea. Thus, it stays
An object is said to be in equilibrium if a number in stable equilibrium.
of forces acting on it produce no change in its
state of rest or of uniform motion (translational 137. If a large force is acting on an object such that
or rotational). its line of action passes through the point about
Yes, static equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium. which the object can rotate. What will be your
inference about the approximate magnitude of
133. Distinguish between linear acceleration and the moment of force?
centripetal acceleration.
Ans : COMP 2012
Ans : COMP 2007
Torque (t) = force ^F h × perpendicular distance
Linear acceleration is defined as the rate of change
^d h from the axis of rotation
of linear velocity whereas centripetal acceleration Here d = 0 & t = 0, i.e moment of force will be
is defined as the rate of change of velocity in zero.
circular motion. This acceleration acts towards
the centre of the circular path along its radius. 138. Why a couple acting on a rigid body cannot
produce translatory motion ?
134. A force produces change in linear motion or
translation of a body. What does the moment of Ans : SQP 2016

a force do? A couple is always formed by two equal and

Ans : SQP 2006
opposite forces. The resultant force is, therefore,
always zero. Hence, no linear motion can be
The moment of a force produces a change in produced by a couple.
the rotational motion of the body, i.e., produces
angular acceleration of the body. 139. Name the factor affecting the turning effect of a
body.
135. When a body is placed on a table top, it exerts a
force equal to its weight downwards on the table Ans : MAIN 2016

top but does not move or fall. Factors affecting the turning effect of a body are:
(i) magnitude of the force applied.
(ii) perpendicular distance of line of action of the
force.

140. What do you mean by kilogram force and write

its relation with newton?

Ans : MAIN 2017

(i) Name the force exerted by the table top. One kilogram force (kg f ) is the force required to
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 27

lift a body of mass 1 kilogram. the rod acts from side B and the C.G. lies
1 kg f = 9.8 N beyond 45. Thus, more weight is concentrated
between C to B.
141. One end of a spring is kept fixed while the other
143. A stone of mass ‘m ’ is rotated in a circular path
end is stretched by a force as shown in the
with a uniform speed by tying a strong string
diagram :
with the help of your hand. Answer the following
questions :
(i) Is the stone moving with a uniform or variable
speed ?
(i) Copy the diagram and mark on it the direction (ii) Is the stone moving with a uniform
of restoring force. acceleration ? In which direction does the
(ii) Name one instrument which works on the acceleration act?
above principle. (iii) What kind of force acts on the hand and state
Ans : COMP 2013 its direction ?
(i) Ans : COMP 2016

(i) Uniform speed.

(ii) Yes, towards the centre of the circular path.
(iii) Centrifugal outwards.

144. Why are passengers travelling in a double-decker

bus allowed to stand on the lower deck but not on
Force applied and restoring force both act on the upper deck?
opposite directions.
(ii) Spring balance works on this principle, i.e., Ans : MAIN 2005

extension produced in the string is directly Passengers travelling in the double-decker bus are
proportional to the weight (force) applied on allowed to sit or stand only on the lower deck
it and the direction of extension (restoring which ensures lowering of the centre of gravity.
force) is opposite to it. On the other hand, if the passengers are standing
on the upper deck, the centre of gravity of the bus
will be raised to the extent that the line joining
the centre of gravity of the bus and the centre of
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS the earth can fall outside the base of bus along
the sharp turns and hence it can topple over.

142. A metal rod AB of length 80 cm is balanced at 45 145. Name the factors affecting the turning effect of
cm from the end A with 100 gf weights suspended a body.
from the two ends. Ans : SQP 2008

(i) Magnitude of force.

(ii) Distance of point of application of force from
the axis of rotation.
(iii) Angle between force and distance from axis of
rotation.
(a) If this rod is cut at the centre C, then compare
146. Explain why a rope walker holds a long pole in
the weight of AC to the weight of BC.
his hands.
(b) Give a reason for your answer in (a)
Ans : COMP 2013
Ans : SQP 2025
When a rope walker walks on the tight rope, he
(a) Weight of AC < weight of BC
holds a long pole in his hands to stay on the rope.
(b) Even though the weights present are the same
For this the line joining the centre of gravity and
at both ends the torque arm of B is less than
centre of earth must fall with the rope. When
the torque arm of A.
rope walker feels he is falling towards right, he
This means the moment of the weight of
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

then shifts pole towards left by keeping his centre standing on two because the person standing
of gravity undisturbed. Thus, he can balance on one foot has a smaller base area than the
himself on the rope. person standing on both the feet. Thus, the
person standing on one foot is in a less stable
147. Why is it easy to carry two buckets in one hand equilibrium and easily knocked down.
each, rather than to carry only one bucket in one (c) Wine glass has a broad and heavy base
hand? because the heavy base lowers its centre of
Ans : SQP 2016 gravity and broad base will adjust the line
joining the centre of gravity and centre of the
When a person carries only one bucket in his
earth fall within the base and keep the glass
one hand, his centre of gravity shifts towards the
in stable equilibrium. Due to similar reason,
bucket and vertical line passing through its centre
base of bunsen burner, table lamp, flask and
of gravity may fall outside his feet. However, if in
bottle, etc., have a heavy and broad base.
both the hands buckets are carried, the centre of
gravity is lowered and it falls within the feet due 150. State the principle of moments. How will you
to which a person stays in stable equilibrium. verify this principle if you are supplied with a
metre rule, a fulcrum and a weight box?
148. How will you find the centre of gravity of an
irregular lamina? Explain. Ans : MAIN 2011

Ans : MAIN 2000 According to the principle of moments, the sum

of anticlockwise moments of forces about any
Determination of centre of gravity of an irregular
point must be equal to the sum of the clockwise
lamina:
moments of the forces about the same point.
To determine the centre of gravity of a given
Suspend a metre rule horizontally from its mid-
irregular lamina make three holes a, b and c near
point O by means of a thread loop with its other
the circumference of lamina.
end connected to a fixed support. Now suspend
Now suspend the given lamina freely from hole
some weights on both sides of the mid-point.
‘a’ along with a plumb line. When the lamina is
Adjust their distances in such a way that the
in the rest state draw a straight line 'ae' along
ruler again becomes horizontal. Let the weights
the plumb line. Now suspend the lamina through
are suspended as shown in figure.
hole 'b’ and then through hole ‘c’ . Draw lines 'bf
and 'cd’ . Thus, three lines ae, bf and cd intersect
at a common point G which is the position of the
centre of gravity of the lamina.

149. Explain the following :

(a) You always keep your feet wide apart when
receiving the charge from an opponent at
football.
(b) It is easier to knock over a person who is
standing on one foot than one who is standing
on two.
(c) Why do the wine glasses have a heavy and
broad base?
Ans : SQP 2000
In equilibrium
(a) While receiving the charge from an opponent, Total anticlockwise moment
at football, we keep our feet wide apart to
= Total clockwise moment
adjust the centre of gravity as low as possible
to position ourselves in stable equilibrium. w1 ×l1 + w2 ×l2 = w3 ×l3 + w 4 ×l 4
Thus, on hitting we do not fall. Similarly, This verifies the principle of moments.
players do the same while playing cock-
fighting. 151. Why is a cart loaded with hay more likely to be
(b) It is easier to knock over a person who upset than one loaded with steel?
is standing on one foot than one who is
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ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 29
Ans : COMP 2010
to its original equilibrium position after being
When a cart/truck is loaded with hay its centre of slightly disturbed, e.g., a cone lying on its base,
gravity is sufficiently raised. While the centre of bottle standing on its base, a book lying flat on a
gravity of cart/truck loaded with steel is lowered. table, a person standing with his legs wide apart.
When the hay loaded cart will take sharp turn/
or moves on uneven road, vertical line passing
through its centre of gravity may go outside the
base of the cart/truck and it is more likely to
topple than the cart loaded with steel.

FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS

Consider a cube resting on a horizontal surface.
When the cube is tilted up slightly, its centre of
152. State and explain the principle of moments. Draw
gravity is raised but its moment of weight tends
a diagram to illustrate.
to bring the gravity down the lowest position.
Ans : COMP 2003 Therefore, cube comes back to its original position.
When a force acts on a body capable of rotation, Unstable equilibrium : An object is said to be
it causes a rotation of the body either in the in unstable equilibrium if it does not regain its
clockwise direction or anticlockwise direction. original equilibrium position after being slightly
According to the principle of moments, when a disturbed, e.g., a cone standing on its apex, a
number of forces act on body free to rotate about bottle standing on its mouth, a book standing on
an axis and if no rotation occurs, then the sum its edge, a person standing on one leg, ellipsoid
of the clockwise moments must be equal to the etc.
sum of the anticlockwise moments. To illustrate
the principle, let us consider a uniform rod AB of
weight W , to be in equilibrium under the action
of a number of forces F1, F2, F3 and weight W
acting at points D , E , B and C respectively,
then according to the principle of moments :

Consider an ellipsoid resting on a smooth

horizontal surface is displaced slightly from its
position, its centre of gravity brings to descend
Taking moments about A and moment of weight tends to bring the centre of
Sum of clockwise moments = Sum of anticlockwise gravity lower down and hence, the ellipsoid moves
moments away from its initial position.
W # AC + F2 # AE = F1 # AD + F3 # AB Neutral equilibrium : An object is said to be
If we take moments about C , we will get in neutral equilibrium, if after being slightly
disturbed, the object does not have any tendency
F2 # CE + F1 # CD = F3 # CB
either to regain its original equilibrium position
153. Mention different states of equilibrium with or to tilt further from its new position, e.g., a
examples and explain in each case the position of rolling ball, a person lying flat on the ground, a
the centre of gravity which determines the nature cone rolling on its curved surface, a bottle lying
of the equilibrium. on its side etc.

Ans : MAIN 2010

Stable equilibrium : An object is said to be in

stable equilibrium if it has a tendency to return
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

(i) In a beam balance, if the beam is balanced

in the horizontal position, the clockwise
moments balance anticlockwise moments and
beam has no rotational motion, i.e. the beam
is in static equilibrium.
(ii) If an object lying on the table is pulled by a
force to its left and by an equal force to its
right along the same line, the object does not
move because the applied forces are equal and
Consider a sphere resting on a horizontal surface opposite and balance each other. Weight of
is slightly disturbed from its initial position, its the object is exerted on the table vertically
centre of gravity remains at the same level neither downwards is balanced by equal and opposite
tends to come back to its original position nor reaction exerted by the table on the object
topples over. vertically upwards. Thus the body is in static
Thus, the above examples make it clear that equilibrium.
to know whether a given object is in stable,
unstable or neutral equilibrium, find whether the
displacement tends to raise its centre of gravity,
lower it or leave it unaffected.

154. Assuming the centre of gravity of a uniform rod

to be at its mid-point, explain briefly how can
you obtain the position of the centre of gravity of
triangular lamina. Dynamic equilibrium :
Ans : MAIN 2006 (i) An object moving with uniform velocity
(acceleration = 0) in a straight line over
Consider a triangular lamina ABC . We can
smooth surface is in dynamic equilibrium
imagine the lamina to consist of a number of thin
because weight of the object acting vertically
uniform rods as shown. Now, the CG of each
downwards is balanced by an equal reaction
thin rod lies at its centre. The centre of gravity
exerted on the object by the surface vertically
of all these thin lamina will, therefore, lie on the
upwards. Thus, net force on the object is zero.
median AD . Similarly, if divide the lamina into
(ii) In an atom electron revolving round the
thin rods parallel to AB and AC , the CG will lie
nucleus is in dynamic equilibrium since the
on the medians CE and BF respectively. Since
force of attraction on the electron by the
CG of the lamina is a fixed point, it will lie on
nucleus provides the necessary force (called
the point of intersection of the medians. The CG
centripetal force) for circular motion and
of the lamina, is thus, the point of intersection of
electron remains moving with uniform speed.
the medians.
156. Explain the moment of a force with diagram and
formula for (a) the steering wheel of a car, (b) the
pedal and the rear wheel of a bicycle.
Ans : SQP 2010

The moment of a force is measured by the product

of force and perpendicular distance between the
axis of rotation and the line of action of the force.
i.e., t = F$d
(a) In the case of the steering wheel, the left and
the right hands apply equal and opposite
155. Give examples of an object to be in (a) static
forces, each equal to F and d is equal to the
equilibrium and (b) dynamic equilibrium.
diameter of the steering wheel.
Ans : SQP 2009

Static equilibrium :
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 31

(a)

(b) In the case of a bicycle wheel, a small force

is applied at the pedal which is at a large
distance from the axle. Since in one revolution,
the pedal moves through a larger distance, (b)
than the links of the chain, the applied force
gets multiplied and is passed on to the rear
wheel. The two pedals provide two such forces
and form a torque which rotates the wheel.

157. Describe how would you determine experimentally

the position of the centre of gravity of a thin sheet of
material of irregular shape and of uniform thickness.
Ans : SQP 2010

When a body is suspended from a support the

moment of the weight rotates the body. The body
rotates for sometime about the axis of rotation and (c)
is finally brought to rest. In this position, torque
acting on it is zero and vertical line through the
point of suspension passes through CG . To find
the CG of a thin sheet of a material, suspended
it from two holes through two different points P1
and P2 one at a time as shown. Draw vertical lines
through the two points for which we get straight
lines P1 A and P2 B and find the point of their
intersection. This point of intersection G is the
position of the centre of gravity of the lamina.

(d)

158. Draw sketch diagram and indicate the position

of the centre of gravity of (a) rectangular lamina,
(b) lamina of the shape of a parallelogram, (c) (e)
triangular lamina, (d) a thin disc, (e) a cylinder.
Ans : COMP 2005
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

(b) Consider figure (b), let us take the moments

of forces about the point C . Clearly, moment
of the force W is zero as the distance of its
line of action from the point C is zero. The
turning effects of the forces F2 and W1 about
the point C are anticlockwise (acw) and the
turning effects of the forces F1 and W2 are
clockwise (cw). In equilibrium, we find that
F2 # CE + W1 # CB = F1 # CA + W2 # CD
Thus, the sum of all anticlockwise moments
of forces = the sum of all clockwise moments
of forces about the point C .
159. Explain briefly how can you verify the principle Hence, the principle of moments is verified.
of moments.
Ans : MAIN 2015
160. State the conditions for an object to be in:
(a) stable equilibrium
The principle of moments can be verified by using (b) unstable equilibrium and
a metre scale and two spring balances. Suspend (c) neutral equilibrium.
the metre scale by the two spring balances S1
and S2 as shown in figure. From the metre scale, Ans : COMP 2014

suspend two hangers having slotted weights W1 (a) Conditions for an object to be in stable
and W2 . The positions of the spring balances and equilibrium:
the slotted weights are adjustable. Let C be the (i) Base of the object should be broad.
centre of gravity of the metre scale whose weight (ii) Base of the object should be heavy
is W and acts downwards at the centre of gravity. because it will lower its centre of gravity.
Adjust the positions of the spring balances, note (iii) When the object is slightly tilted by
their readings. Let it be F1 and F2 . Adjust the two applying an external force, the line joining
slotted weights, so that the scale is in equilibrium. the centre of gravity of the object and the
(a) It will be seen that the sum of the upward centre of the earth must fall within the
forces = Sum of the downward forces i.e., base of the object.
F1 + F2 = W1 + W2 + W (b) Conditions for an object to be in unstable
equilibrium:
(i) Base of the object should be small.
(ii) Top of the object should be heavy, i.e. it
will raise its centre of gravity.
(iii) When the object is slightly tilted by
applying an external force, the line joining
the centre of gravity of the object and the
centre of the earth must fall outside the
base of the object.
(c) Conditions for an object to be in neutral
(a) equilibrium:
(i) On application of external force, the
centre of gravity of the object should
remain the same.
(ii) When the external force is applied, the
line joining the centre of gravity and
centre of earth must fall within the base
of the object.

(b) Diagrams used to verify the principle of moments.

ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 33

NUMERICAL QUESTION (iii) If the direction of 20 gf force is reversed, it

will also create a clockwise moment.
Resultant moment
161. A non uniform beam of weight 120 N pivoted at 120 + 120 = 240 dyne-cm(Clockwise)
one end is shown in the diagram below.
163. Two forces each of 5 N act vertically upwards
and downwards respectively on the two ends of
a uniform metre rule which is placed at its mid-
point as shown in the diagram. Determine the
magnitude of the resultant moment of these forces
about the mid-point.

Calculate the value of F to keep the beam in

equilibrium
Ans : MAIN 2024

The weight of the beam will produce a clockwise

moment and the applied force F will produce a
clockwise moment.
Equating the moments of the force, Ans : COMP 2014

120 × 0.2 = F # 0.8 According to the question,

120 # 0.2 Moment of force F1 = 5 # 25 = 125
F = 0.8
= 30 N Moment of force F2 = 5 # 25 = 125
162. A half metre rod is pivoted at the centre with
two weights of 20 gf and 12 gf suspended at a
perpendicular distance of 6 cm and 10 cm from
the pivot respectively as shown below:

Since both the forces are acting in anticlockwise

direction, the resultant moment of force is the
sum of the two moments.
Resultant moment of force = 125 + 125
(i) Which of the two forces acting on the rigid
= 250 N-m
rod causes clockwise moment ?
(ii) Is the rod in equilibrium ? 164. A nut is opened by a wrench of length 20 cm. If
(iii) The direction of 20 kgf force is reversed. What the least force required is 2 N, find the moment of
is the magnitude of the resultant moment of force needed to loosen the nut.
the forces on the rod ?
Ans : MAIN 2015
Ans : COMP 2018

(i) 12 gf Length of wrench = 20cm = 0.2m

(ii) Yes,Because clockwise moment is equal to the Force = 2N
anticlockwise moment.
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

Moment of force = Force # length of arm Ans : COMP 2012

= 2 # 0.2 = 0.4 N m Let 40 kg boy sits at a distance of x m from the

middle of a see saw.
165. A boy weighs 360 N on the earth. According to the principle of moment
(a) What would be his approximate weight on
the moon?
(b) What is the reason for your answer?
Ans : COMP 2010

(a) Weight of the boy on the moon

= 1 th of the weight of a boy on the earth
6
1
= ×360 N = 60 N
6
(b) Value of acceleration due to gravity on the
moon is one sixth of the acceleration due to
gravity on the earth, i.e.
gmoon = 1 ×g earth Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise moment
6
30 × 2 m = 40 × x
166. A uniform half metre rule balances horizontally x = 1.5 m
on a knife-edge at 29 cm mark when a weight of
20 gf is suspended from one end. 168. A uniform metre scale can be balanced at the
(i) Draw a diagram of the arrangement. 70.0 cm mark when a mass of 0.05 kg is hung
(ii) What is the weight of the half metre rule? from the 94.0 cm mark. Draw a diagram of the
arrangement and find the mass of the metre scale.
Ans : SQP 2017

Let the weight of the half metre scale be W . Ans : SQP 2011

To balance the half metre scale at 29 cm mark, Let m is the mass of the metre scale.
the 20 gf weight should be suspended from the 50
cm end as shown in figure.

Anticlockwise moment about O

= Clockwise moment about O
m # g # ^0.70 - 0.50h = 0.05 # g # ^0.94 - 0.70h
Moments due to W in anticlockwise direction
m = 0.05 # 0.24
= W # 4 cm 0.20
Moments due to 20 gf in clockwise direction = 0.06 kg
= 20 # 21 cm
By the principle of moments, we have 169. A man can open a nut by applying a force of
150 N by using a lever handle of length 0.4 m.
W # 4 = 20 # 21
What should be the length of the handle if he is
W = 20 # 21 = 105 gf able to open it by applying a force of 60 N?
4
Ans : MAIN 2011
167. A boy of mass 30 kg is sitting at a distance of 2 m
from the middle of a see-saw. Where should a boy Given, F1 = 150 N , d1 = 0.4 m ;
of mass 40 kg sit so as to balance the see-saw? F2 = 60 N
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 35

F1 # d1 = F2 # d2 173. A uniform see-saw 4 m long is supported at its

centre, Ram weighing 50 kg sits 1 m from the
15 # 0.4 = 60 # d2
centre of see-saw, where should Geeta weighing
d2 = 1.0 m 40 kg sit on the other side of the see-saw so as to
balance it horizontally?
170. A force of 2.5 N with its arm 0.5 m long rotates
a spanner in clockwise direction. Find the torque. Ans : SQP 2023

Ans : MAIN 2011 Let Geeta sit at point B at a distance x from the
centre of the see-saw as shown in the figure.
Force, F = 2.5 N
Force arm = 0.5 m
Torque, (t) = Force (F)# Force arm (d)
= 2.5 × 0.5
= 1.25 N m

171. The moment of a force of 12 N about a fixed point

O is 6 Nm. Calculate the distance of the point O Taking moments of all forces about the point O
from the line of action of the force. and using the principle of moment. We get
Anticlockwise moment about O = Clockwise
Ans : SQP 2017
moment about O
Force, F = 12 N , 50 × 1 = 40 ×x
Moment of force = 6 Nm x = 50×1 = 1.25cm
40
Moment of force = F # r
Geeta should sit 1.25 m from the centre to balance
6 Nm = 12 N # r the see-saw horizontally.
r = 0.5 m
174. From the given figure, calculate moment of force
about (a) P and (b) Q .
172. A uniform metre scale rests horizontally on a
knife edge at the 60 cm mark when a mass of
10 g is suspended from one end. From which end
this mass be suspended ? What is the mass of the
metre scale ?
Ans : COMP 2020

It is clear from the figure, the weight W of the

metre scale acts at the 50 cm mark. The mass of
10 g must be suspended from the other end i.e., Ans : COMP 2000

from B . (a) Moment of right directed force about,

P = 25 × 0.05 = 1.25 N-m (clockwise)
Moment of left directed force about,
P = 25 × 0.15 = 3.75 N-m (clockwise)
Since both the moments are clockwise hence
total moment about
P = 1.25 + 3.75
Since the metre scale is in equilibrium.
= 5.00 N-m (clockwise)
According to the principle of moments,
(b) Moment of right directed force about,
W # (60 - 50) = 10 # (100 - 60)
Q = 25 × 0 = 0
W # 10 = 10 # 40
Moment of left directed force about,
W = 40 g Q = 25 × 0.20 = 5.00 N-m (clockwise)
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

Total moment about, Q Force, F = 120 N

= 0 + 5.00 N m = 5.00 N-m (clockwise). Length of lever = 50 cm = 0.5 m
In first case,
175. A uniform metre scale of weight 50 g f is balanced
at 30 cm mark when weights of 80 g f and 60 g f Moment of force = 120 N × 0.5 m
act at 5 cm mark and 45 cm mark respectively. = 60 N m
What force must be applied at 20 cm mark to In second case,
balance the metre scale? If he uses handle of length l m, then
Moment of force = 40 N # l m
60 = 40 # l
l = 60 N m = 1.5 m
40 N

177. A uniform metre scale of mass 80 g is to be

balanced at the 70 cm mark. Find, from where
must a mass of 60 g be suspended to do so.
Ans : MAIN 2017 Ans : COMP 2006

If we take moment about 30 cm mark Since the metre rod is balanced about F , the
Anticlockwise moment algebraic sum of the moments about the point F ,
= 80 × 25 = 2000 gf cm must be zero. Let 60 g be suspended at x cm from
the zero end at A.
Clockwise moment = 60 × 15 + 50 × 20
= 1900 gf cm
Here anticlockwise moment 2 clockwise moment.
Therefore, force at 20 cm mark must act in
upward direction to keep the scale in equilibrium.
Now taking moments about 30 cm mark
Sum of anticlockwise moments = Sum of clockwise
moments
i.e., 80 × 25 = 60 × 15 + F × 10 + 50 × 20
2000 = 1900 + F × 10
80 # 20 = 60 # (x - 70)
F = 100 = 10 gf
10
x - 70 = 80 # 20
Resultant moment of force about the mid-point 60
of rod = 26.67
= Moment of force (at A about O +
x = 26.67 + 70
at B about O )
x = 96.67 cm
= F # OA + F # OB
178. A uniform metre scale is balanced at the 20 cm
= F # (OA + OB)
mark when masses of 100 g and 50 g are suspended
= F # AB from the 10 cm and 30 cm marks respectively.
= 2 # 1 = 2 N - m (Clockwise) Calculate the mass of the metre scale.
Ans : COMP 2005
176. A scooter mechanic can open a nut by applying
The various positions where the weights are
120 N force while using a lever of 50 cm in length.
acting as shown in the figure. AB is the metre
How long handle is required if he wishes to open
scale of mass W .
it by applying a force of only 40 N?
Ans : SQP 2007
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 37

Draw a force diagram of the arrangement and

calculate the weight of the ruler. Also calculate
the force with which pivot is pressed.
Ans : SQP 2021

As per the question we can draw the following

Since the metre scale balances about the point F figure,
, sum of the clockwise moments must be equal to
the sum of the anticlockwise moments.
Taking moments about E , we get
100 # EF = 50 # DF + W # CF
100 # 10 = 50 # 10 + W # 30
W # 30 = 500
W = 500 = 16.67 g The figure shows the arrangement of forces.
30
From the principle of moment,
179. In the given diagram a uniform half metre scale Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise moment
PQ is balanced horizontally across a knife edge.
Calculate (a) the mass of the scale, (b) the force w # 10 = 40 # 13
on the knife-edge, (c) state the direction in which w = 40 # 13 = 52
the force on the knife-edge, acts. 10
Force with which the pivot is pressed
= 50 + 40 = 92 dyne

181. A half metre ruler is suspended by a thread from

the mid-point of the ruler as shown in the figure.

Ans : COMP 2023

(a) Let the mass of the scale be x g acting at

centre C of the scale PQ .
Taking the moments about the knife-edge we
get
It balances horizontally when a 50 g and an
Clockwise moment = Anticlockwise moment
unknown weight w are suspended respectively
x×10 = 35×15 from 10 cm and the 45 cm mark. Calculate the
x = 35 # 15 magnitude of weight w .
10
Ans : SQP 2018
= 525 = 52.5 g
10 Since the ruler is in equilibrium.
(b) The force on the knife-edge According to the principle of moment,
= 35g f + 52.5 g f Clockwise moment = Anticlockwise moment
= 87.5g f W # 20 = 50 × 15
(c) The force of 87.5 gf will act in the downward w = 50 # 15
direction. 20
= 37.5 g f
180. A 50 cm uniform ruler is freely pivoted at 15 cm
mark which balances horizontally when an object 182. A uniform metre scale balances horizontally on a
of weight 40 dyne is hung from the 2 cm mark. knife-edge placed at 55 cm mark when a mass of
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

25 g is suspended from one end. Draw a diagram OC = l - 4 l = 1 l

of this arrangement. Calculate the mass of the 4 17 68
scale. Hence the centre of gravity of the combined
rod is at point C at a distance of 681 l from the
Ans : MAIN 2022
geometrical centre O of the rod towards the
Let the mass of the metre scale is m . copper half of the rod.
As metre scale is uniform, therefore, its weight
acts at 50 cm mark. 184. The iron gate of a building is 3 m broad. It can
Taking moment about 55 cm mark be opened by applying 100 N force at the middle
of the gate. Calculate the least force required to
Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise moment
open this gate. Where should the force be applied?
Ans : COMP 2007

Moment of force required to open the gate

= F # d=
= 100 × 1.5
= 150 N-m
For the least force required to open the gate, it
is to be applied at the farthest point from the
m # 5 = 25 × 45 hinges i.e., it should be applied at the free end of
the gate.
m = 25×45 = 225 g f Let the force required is F.
5
Mass of the metre scale is 225 g f. Then, F # 3 m = 150 N-m

183. In a metre rod half of it is made of copper and F = 150 N m = 50 N

3m
rest half of steel. Weights of copper and steel are 9
N and 8 N respectively. Is the centre of gravity of 185. A uniform metre rule of weight 10 gf is pivoted at
the rod at its geometric centre? If not, where is it? its O mark.
Ans : COMP 2015
(i) What moments of the force depress the rule ?
(ii) How can it be made horizontal by applying a
least force ?

As the rod is not uniform, half portion of the rod,

made up of copper is heavier. Therefore, its centre
of gravity is not at the geometrical centre.
Let the rod XY be of length l . Let C copper and Ans : MAIN 2012

C steel be the centre of gravity of Copper the copper (i) The moments of the weight of the metre rule
and steel parts respectively. If C is the centre of about 0 cm mark = 10 # 50 = 500 gf cm i.e.,
the gravity of the combination, then by taking clockwise.
moment about C . (ii) To make it horizontal by applying the least
9×x = 8× b l - x l force, the force must be applied at the farthest
2 point, i.e., at B . Let F be the force applied
9x = 8× l - 8x upwards.
2 Then taking moments about 0 cm mark
17x = 4l & x = 4 l F # 100 = 50 # 10
17
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 39

F = 5 gf Let AB be the see-saw. Children are located at C

A minimum force of 5 gf must be applied at B in (30 kg) and D (60 kg). Let E be the point where
the upward direction. the mass of 75 kg is located. In the balanced
position of the see-saw, the sum of the clockwise
186. P, Q and R are three coplanar forces which act as moments be equal to the sum of the anticlockwise
shown in the figure. moments.

A point O lies in the same plane, P = Q

= R = 6 N.
(i) Which force has the least moment about O ? Taking moments about O :
(ii) Which force has the greatest moment about 60 # 2.5 + 30 # 2 = 75 # OE
O ? Give a reason.
75 # OE = 150 + 60
Ans : COMP 2021
OE = 210 = 2.8 m
(i) Force R has the least moment about O 75
because it is nearest to the point O .
189. A uniform metre rule weighing 100 gf pivoted
(ii) Force P has the greatest moment about O
at its centre O . Two weights 150 gf and 250 gf
because it is farthest from the point O .
hang from the metre rod as shown. Calculate (i)
187. Two forces each of 5 N act vertically upwards the total anticlockwise moments about O , (ii)
and downwards respectively on the two ends of the total clockwise moments about O , (iii) the
a uniform metre rule which is placed at its mid- difference of anticlockwise and clockwise moments
point as shown in the diagram. Determine the about O and (iv) the distance from O where a
magnitude of the resultant moment of these forces 100 gf weight should be placed to balanced the
about the mid-point. metre rule.
Ans : SQP 2010

The diagram of the arrangement of the weights is

as shown in the figure.

Ans : SQP 2009

Resultant moment of force about the mid-point

Moment of couple = Force × Perpendicular
distance between the forces.
= 5 × ^0.5 + 0.5h m
= 5 Nm (anticlockwise) (i) The moments of the weight of 150 gf
= 150 gf # 40 cm
188. On a see-saw, two children of masses 30 kg and
60 kg are sitting on one side of it at distances 2 m = 6000 gfcm
and 2.5 m respectively from the centre of the see- (ii) The moments of the weight of 250 gf
saw. Find the distance at which a man of mass = - 250 # 20
75 kg should sit on the other side to balance the
see-saw. = - 5000 gfcm , i.e., clockwise
(iii) The difference of moments
Ans : COMP 2011
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

= 6000 gf cm - 5000 gf cm
= 1000 gfcm
(iv) To balance these 1000 gf cm anticlockwise
moments, 100 gf weight must be at a distance
1000 gfcm
x= = 10 cm on the right side of O .
10 gf
190. A uniform metre scale of mass 60 g, carries masses
of 20 g, 30 g and 80 g from points 10 cm, 20 cm
and 90 cm marks. Where must the knife edge be
placed to balance the scale?
Ans : MAIN 2008 (i) Calculate the moment caused by the weight
of the aircraft about the point X.
Let D be the position of the knife edge so that the
(ii) By taking moments about X, calculate the
metre scale and the various masses are balanced.
lift fan thrust if the aircraft is to remain
Since the metre scale is balanced. Sum of the
horizontal when hovering.
clockwise moments must be equal to the sum of
(iii) Calculate the engine thrust in Figure.
the anticlockwise moments.
Ans :
(i) The moment caused by the weight of the
aircraft about the point X
180000 # 2.8 = 504000 Nm
(ii) According to the principle of moment
7.4 × lift fan thrust(F) = 180000 × 2.8
F = 68108 Nm
Taking moments about D , we get
80 #GD = 20 # ED + 30 # FD + 60 # CD (iii) Engine thrust = 180000 – 68108

80 # (40 - x) = 111892 N

= 20 # (40 + x) + 30 # (30 + x) + 60x 192. The diagram shows two children playing with a
3200 - 80x = 800 + 20x + 900 + 30x + 60x toy called a swing ball. The ball is joined to a
pole by a strong string. The children hit the ball
1500 = 190x so that it goes round in a circular path.
x = 1500 = 7.9 cm
190
Position of the mark on the metre rod where the
knife edge should be placed is 50 + 7.9 = 57.9 cm .

CASE BASED QUESTION

191. Figure shows an aircraft designed to take off

and land vertically and also to hover without
horizontal movement. In order to achieve this,
upward lift is produced by directing the jet (i) Which force causes the ball to move in a
engine outlet downwards. The engine also drives circle?
a vertical lift fan near the front of the aircraft. (ii) Complete the sentences by writing the correct
The weight of the aircraft is 180 kN. The distance words.
between the lift fan and the centre of mass is 4.6 (a) The force needed to make the ball move in
m and the distance between the jet engine outlet a circular path is larger if the speed of the
and the centre of mass is 2.8 m. ball is ............... (Increased/Decreased).
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 41

(b) The continuous acceleration of a ball 1 + (1100 # 0.60) = FA # 1.3

moving in a circular path changes the
= 933 = 720 N
............... of the ball.(Speed, Direction). 1.3
(iii) Which of the following words is used to
describe any force that causes an object to 194. Figure 1 is a diagram of a human arm lifting an
move in a circular path? object.
Centripetal, Frictional, Gravitational
Ans :
(i) Tension
(ii) (a) increased
(b) direction
(iii) Centripetal

193. Figure shows a motorcycle and rider. The

motorcycle is in contact with the road at A and
B.

Figure 1
The lower arm is horizontal and its centre of
gravity is 0.150 m from the elbow joint. The
weight of the lower arm is 18 N. The biceps
muscle exerts a vertical force F on the arm. The
horizontal distance between the elbow joint and
the point of attachment of the muscle to the lower
arm bone is 0.040 m. The weight of the object
held in the hand is 30 N and its centre of gravity
is 0.460 m from the elbow joint. The arm is in
equilibrium.
(i) Define centre of gravity.
(ii) Calculate the total clockwise moment about
the elbow joint.
The motorcycle has a weight of 1100 N and the
(iii) As the lower arm is moved away from the
rider’s weight is 780 N.
body, the force F exerted by the biceps
(i) State the Principle of Moments.
muscles acts an angle q to the vertical as
(ii) Calculate the moment of the rider’s weight
shown in Figure 2.
about B. Give appropriate unit.
(iii) By taking the moments about B, calculate
the vertical force that the road exerts on
the front tyre at A. State your answer to an
appropriate number of significant figures.
Ans :
(i) According to the principle of moments, the
sum of anticlockwise moments of forces
about any point must be equal to the sum
of clockwise moments of the forces about the
same point.
(ii) Moment of rider’s weight about B
= 780 # 0.35 = 270 Nm
(iii) According to the principle of moment Figure 2
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94142 43489
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

Describe and explain what happens to each = 3465 . 3500

of the following quantities as the angle q is (ii) Moment of ship is weight about point P
increased
= 34000 # 5.0
1. The anticlockwise moment about the
elbow joint. = 1.7 # 105 Nm
2. The magnitude of the force F . (iii) 170000 = T # 12
Ans : T = 170000
12
(i) The centre of gravity is a point in an object
where the distribution of weight is equal in = 14166.66 N
all directions, and it does depend on the = 1.4 # 10 4 N
gravitational field.
(ii) 196. The hammer throw is an athletic event. The
Clockwise Moment = ]0.150×18g + ]0.460×30g athlete throws a heavy metal ball attached by a
wire to a handle.
= 2.25 + 13.8
= 16.05 Nm
(iii) 1. The clockwise moment is equal to the
anticlockwise moment i.e. 16.05 Nm
2. F cos q = 412.5 or F \ 1
cos q
Hence the force increases.

195. It is said that Archimedes used huge levers to

sink Roman ships Invading the city of Syracuse.
A possible system is shown in Figure. Where a
rope is hooked on to the front of the ship and the
lever is pulled by several men.

Figure 1
The hammer thrower swings the hammer round in
a circle before letting go. He swings the hammer
slowly at first and then faster.
The Figure 2 shows an overhead view
of a hammer thrower swinging the hammer
anticlockwise in a circle.

(i) Calculate the mass of the ship if its weight

was 3.4 × 104 N.
(ii) Calculate the moment of the ship’s weight
about point P. State an appropriate unit for
your answer.
(iii) Calculate the minimum vertical force, T ,
required to start to raise the front of the ship.
Assume the ship pivots about point P.
Ans :

(i) w = mg
4
m = w = 3.4 # 10
g 9.81
Figure 2
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 43

(i) In which direction, A, B, C or D does the centripetal force on the car be greatest?
centripetal force act on the hammer? (ii) What provides the centripetal force when the
(ii) Complete the following sentence by correct car goes round a bend?
word
Ans :
The centripetal force is provided by the
............ (Tension in the wire/stress in the (i) C
wire) (ii) friction
(iii) At the instant shown in the diagram above,
199. A young girl and her father go to a playground.
the athlete lets go of the handle. In which
The diagram depicts the girl and her father on a
direction, A, B, C or D, does the hammer
see-saw.
move?
Ans :
(i) B
(ii) Tension in the wire
(iii) C

197. A girl and her father visit a children’s playground.

The diagram shows the girl holding on to a round
about which is turning. Based on the given diagram, answer the following
questions.
(i) Calculate the moment of the girl ?
(ii) What must her father do to increase his
moment?
Ans :
(i) Force = 240 N
Perpendicular distance from axis = 1.5 m
Moment = Force × perpendicular distance from axis
= 240 × 1.5 = 360 Nm
(ii) move towards the left.

200. Figure shows two equal but opposite forces acting

on an object.
A centripetal force must act because the girl
moves in a circular path.
(i) In which direction P, Q, R or S, does the
centripetal force act?
(ii) What provides this centripetal force?
Ans :
(i) P
(ii) The tension in the child’s arms provides this
centripetal force.

198. The diagram shows part of a level road that The point O is at a distance x from the nearer of
they take when they drive home. They drive at the two forces.
a steady speed. (i) The separation between the two forces is
3.0 cm. Determine the torque of the couple
exerted on the object.
(ii) Calculate the total moment of the forces the
point O and state the significance of this
value.
(i) At which point, A, B, C or D, will the
Ans :
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

(i) Torque (t) = Force ^F h # Lever arm ^d=h conclusion that can be made from Graph Y.
The greater the radius of rotation, the
= 4.0 # 0.03
............... the centripetal force on the
torque = 0.12 (Nm) astronaut. (smaller/less).
(ii) Total moment = (x + 0.03) # 4.0 - 4.0x Ans :
= 4.0x + 0.12 - 4.0x (i) A
Total moment = 0.12 Nm (ii) increase
(iii) smaller
201. The diagram shows a ‘G-machine’. The G-machine
202. The drawing shows a skateboarder moving in a
is used in astronaut training.
circular path as shown in the figure

The G-machine moves the astronaut in a

horizontal circle.
(i) In which direction, A, B or C does the
centripetal force on the astronaut act?
(ii) Complete the following sentence to give the
conclusion that can be made from Graph X. Centre of circular path
Increasing the speed of rotation of a (i) What is the name of the resultant force which
G-machine will ............... the centripetal allows the skateboarder to move in a circular
force on the astronaut. (increase/decrease). path?
(iii) Graph Y shows how the centripetal force is (ii) In which direction A, B or C does this
affected by the radius of rotation, when the resultant force act on the skateboarder?
speed of rotation is kept the same.
Ans :
(i) Centripetal force
(ii) B

203. Horses were once used to power machinery in

factories, mines and mills. Figure shows two
horses attached to a beam which turns a wheel.
This wheel drives machinery.

Radius of rotation in metres

Complete the following sentence to give the
ICSE CHAPTERWISE PYQ CLASS 10 PHYSICS PAGE 45

Each horse exerts a force of 810 N and the length

of the beam is 7.3 m.
(i) Define the moment of a couple.
(ii) Calculate the moment of the couple exerted
by the horses, stating an appropriate unit.
Ans :
(i) The moment of a couple is defined as the
product of either of the forces of a couple and
the perpendicular distance between the line
of action of forces.
(ii) Moment of the couple exerted by the horses
= 810 × 7.3
= 5913 Nm

204. The hammer throw is an athletic event. The (a) In which direction, A, B, C or D, does the
athlete throws a heavy metal ball attached by a centripetal force act on the hammer?
wire to a handle. (b) At the instant shown in the diagram
above, the athlete lets go of the handle.
In which direction, A, B, C or D does the
hammer move?
Ans :
(i) increases
(ii) (a) B
(b) C

205. Figure shows a cyclist.

The hammer thrower swings the hammer round in

a circle before letting go. He swings the hammer
slowly at first and then faster.
(i) Complete the following sentence by correct
word.
As the speed of the swing increases, the
centripetal force on the hammer ...............
(increases/decreases).
(ii) The diagram shows an overhead view of
a hammer thrower swinging the hammer
anticlockwise in a circle.

The bicycle tyres are in contact with the road

at X and Y. The cyclist is travelling at constant
velocity on a level road. The weight of the bicycle
is 180 N and the weight of the cyclist is 720 N.
(i) State the magnitude of the resultant force
acting on the cyclist. Explain your answer.
CH 1 : FORCE TURNING FORCES AND UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

(ii) Define moment of a force.

(ii) Explain why the two vertical forces acting on
the tyres at X and Y do not form a couple.
(iv) Take moments about X to determine the size
of the vertical force F acting on the type at
Y.
(v) The cyclist leans further forward. How does
this affect the force on the type at X?
Ans :
(i) There is no acceleration therefore the
resultant force is zero.
(ii) The turning effect of force is known as
moment of force. It is the product of the force
multiplied by the perpendicular distance from
the line of action of the force to the pivot or
point where the object will turn.
(iii) Forces are in the same direction.
(iv) Clockwise moments
= (720 # 0.40) + (180 # 0.60)
= 288 + 108
= 396 (N m)
sum of clockwise moments = sum of
anticlockwise moments
396 = 1.3 F
F = 300 (N)
(v) The force at X decreases

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