AI and Programming Important Questions - Detailed Answers

1. Define Flowchart?
A flowchart is a graphical representation of a process, system, or algorithm. It uses symbols such as
ovals, rectangles, diamonds, and arrows to show the flow of steps in a process. Flowcharts help in
understanding, analyzing, and designing complex procedures or programs. They are widely used in
programming, engineering, and business workflows.

2. What is meant by Algorithm?

An algorithm is a set of well-defined, step-by-step instructions designed to perform a specific task or
solve a problem. It takes an input, processes it, and produces an output. Algorithms are
fundamental in computer programming and can be found in areas like search engines, sorting
techniques, and artificial intelligence.

3. What are the different types of symbols used in a flowchart?

Flowcharts use different symbols to represent various steps in a process:
- **Oval**: Represents the start and end of a flowchart.
- **Rectangle**: Represents a process or action to be performed.
- **Diamond**: Represents a decision-making step.
- **Parallelogram**: Represents input or output operations like reading data or displaying results.

4. Define AI?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science that enables machines to perform tasks
that require human intelligence. These tasks include learning, problem-solving, decision-making,
and natural language understanding. AI is used in virtual assistants, self-driving cars, robotics, and
more.

5. What are the different types of AI?

AI is categorized into three main types:
- **Narrow AI**: Designed to perform specific tasks (e.g., voice assistants like Siri or Alexa).
- **General AI**: Can understand, learn, and perform any intellectual task like a human.
- **Super AI**: A hypothetical AI that surpasses human intelligence in all aspects.

6. Machine Learning and its types?

Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI where computers learn from data to make decisions without
being explicitly programmed. Its types are:
- **Supervised Learning**: The model is trained on labeled data.
- **Unsupervised Learning**: The model finds patterns in data without predefined labels.
- **Reinforcement Learning**: The model learns by interacting with an environment and receiving
rewards or penalties.
7. Define Biometric?
Biometric technology involves measuring and analyzing human physical or behavioral
characteristics for identification or authentication. Examples include fingerprint scanning, facial
recognition, iris scanning, and voice recognition. Biometrics are widely used in security systems,
smartphones, and banking applications.

8. What are the applications of AI?

AI is used in various fields, including:
- **Healthcare**: Diagnosing diseases, robotic surgeries, and drug discovery.
- **Finance**: Fraud detection, stock market predictions, and automated trading.
- **Autonomous Vehicles**: Self-driving cars and intelligent traffic systems.
- **Robotics**: AI-powered robots for industrial automation and assistance.
- **Gaming**: Smart NPCs and adaptive game environments.

9. Define types of AI?

AI can be classified based on its capabilities and functionalities:
- **Reactive Machines**: AI that reacts to situations but does not learn from past experiences (e.g.,
Deep Blue chess AI).
- **Limited Memory AI**: AI that learns from past data for a short time (e.g., self-driving cars).
- **Theory of Mind AI**: AI that understands human emotions and interactions (still in research
phase).
- **Self-aware AI**: AI that has self-consciousness and intelligence beyond humans (theoretical
concept).

10. What are chatbots?

Chatbots are AI-powered programs that simulate conversations with users through text or voice
interactions. They are used in customer service, healthcare, and social media applications to
provide automated assistance. Examples include Siri, Google Assistant, and chatbots used in
e-commerce websites.

11. What are Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 global objectives set by the United Nations to
address issues such as poverty, education, climate action, and gender equality. These goals aim to
create a more sustainable and inclusive world by 2030.

12. Define Python?

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It
is widely used in web development, data science, artificial intelligence, and automation due to its
vast libraries and community support.

13. What is meant by Variables and Keywords?

A **variable** is a named memory location that stores values during a program's execution (e.g., x =
10).
A **keyword** is a reserved word in a programming language that has a predefined meaning (e.g.,
if, else, while).

14. What is meant by Constant?

A constant is a value that does not change during the execution of a program. In Python, constants
are written in uppercase (e.g., PI = 3.1416).

15. Define Identifier?

An identifier is the name given to variables, functions, classes, or objects in a program. It must begin
with a letter or underscore and cannot be a keyword.

16. Define Looping and its types?

Looping is a programming concept where a set of instructions is repeated until a condition is met.
Types include:
- **For Loop**: Repeats a block for a fixed number of times.
- **While Loop**: Repeats while a condition is true.
- **Do-While Loop**: Executes at least once before checking the condition (not in Python).

17. What are the Data Types?

Data types define the kind of data a variable can hold. Common types include:
- Integer (int): Whole numbers
- Float: Decimal numbers
- String (str): Text data
- Boolean (bool): True or False

18. Define String?

A string is a sequence of characters enclosed in single, double, or triple quotes (e.g., 'Hello',
"Python"). Strings are used to store and manipulate text data.

19. Domains of AI?

AI domains include:
- **Computer Vision**: Enables machines to interpret images and videos.
- **Natural Language Processing (NLP)**: Helps computers understand human language.
- **Robotics**: AI-driven automation in industries and research.
- **Expert Systems**: AI systems that provide decision-making support.

20. What is meant by Computer Vision?

Computer Vision is an AI field that allows machines to process and analyze visual data from images
or videos. It is used in facial recognition, object detection, and medical imaging.

21. Define NLP?

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an AI field that enables computers to understand, interpret,
and generate human language. It is used in voice assistants, language translation, and sentiment
analysis.