UNIT 5 – Exercise

Select the suitable answer for the following Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1 The process of taking a known data set as input to train the algorithm to create a model for
prediction is known as
A Natural Language Processing B Expert System
C Supervised Machine Learning D Unsupervised Machine Learning
2 The AI technology that enables computer systems to obtain meaningful information from digital
images or videos is called
A Image recognition B Speech recognition
C Scanner D Computer vision
3 Instant answers to website visitors’ questions through text or voice interaction are provided by
A Robot B Chatbot
C Cloud computing D Expert System
4 Cloud computing model in which resources are owned by and used inside a single organization is
called
A Private cloud B Public cloud
C Hybrid cloud D Remote cloud
5 The AI tool used for correcting spelling and grammar mistake is
A ChatGPT B Lovo ai
C Grammarly D Virtual assistant
6 Virtual assistant that belongs to Apple Inc. is
A Siri B Alexa
C Google assistant D Vortana
7 The AI tool that converts text to speech is
A ChatGPT B Grammarly
C Alexa D Lovo ai
8 The technology used in seld-driving cars is called
A Natural Language Processing B Chatbot
C Computer vision D Virtual assistant
9 The technology concerned with training the computer to understand spoken and written words
and to take action is known as
A Virtual assistant B Natural Language Processing
C Language analysis D Virtual training
10 The technology concerned with performing specific tasks with little or no human intervention
using computer controlled machine is called
A Computer vision B Computer intelligence
C Robotics D Virtual technology
Give Short answers to the following Short Responsive Questions (SRQs)
Q1 Briefly describe the positive impact of AI in our daily life?
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science to make computer controlled
machines that can intelligently perform human-like tasks. AI positively impacts daily life by
enhancing convenience and efficiency across various domains:
 Personal Assistants: AI tools like Siri and Alexa help manage tasks at homes
 Healthcare: AI improves diagnostics, treatment plans, and patient management
 Transportation: AI enables autonomous vehicles and optimizes route planning
 Customer Service: AI Chatbots provide 24/7 support, enhancing customer satisfaction
 Entertainment: AI personalizes content recommendations on platforms like Netflix etc.
 Education: AI offers learning experiences and adaptive assessments
 Finance: AI aids in fraud detection, financial advice, and transaction processing
 Shopping: AI enhances online shopping with personalized recommendations
Q2 Differentiate between supervised and unsupervised machine learning?
Ans:
Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning
Supervised learning algorithms take a set of In unsupervised learning, the training data is
known input data and known output unseen and it is unlabeled. The unlabeled
responses to build a model to make means that the data is not assigned a category
predictions. In supervised learning the goal is or group. The unseen data is fed into machine
to learn how to do the mapping to match the learning algorithm to train the model. The
input to the output. Once the model is built, it trained model tries to search for a pattern and
is used to make new predictions on unseen gives the desired result. The unsupervised
data as well. Machine learning is used to solve learning algorithm looks for hidden patterns in
complex problems that involves large amount the input data. It uses learning technique
of data but there is no formula to predict the known as clustering. The unsupervised
output. learning algorithm finds the hidden patterns
or groupings in the input data to make them
suitable for clustering and data analysis.
Q3 Describe how computer visions applications help in automation of tasks
Ans: Computer vision is a field of AI that enables computer systems to obtain meaningful
information from digital images and videos. To achieve this, it uses camera, data and
algorithms.
A large amount of fata (images / videos) is fed into the computer. Computer vision
applications repeatedly perform data analysis until it recognizes and distinguishes images. After
getting deep understanding of data, computer system carries out automated actions. AI
computer vision gives ability to computer to see just like it gives ability to think.
Computer vision applications are used in various fields. These include healthcare,
security and surveillance, facial recognition, self-driving car, parking occupation detection,
traffic how flow analysis, manufacturing, constructing etc.
Q4 Compare the use of Natural Language Processing with computer language for
interaction with computer
Ans: Natural Language Processing (NLP) is based on AI. It is about giving computers the ability
to understand spoken and written words just like we do. The purpose of NLP is to provide easy
communication between computers and humans by using natural language. The comparison of
NLP and computer languages is under
1. Accessibility and Usability
Natural Language Processing (NLP):
 Accessibility: Allows users to interact with computers using human languages
 Usability: Highly intuitive, requiring no specialized knowledge of programming
 Example: Asking a virtual assistant like Siri or Alexa to set a answer the question
Computer Programming Languages:
 Accessibility: Requires knowledge of specific programming languages
 Usability: Less intuitive, necessitating an understanding of programming syntax etc.
 Example: Writing a Python script to automate data analysis tasks.
2. Flexibility and Precision
Natural Language Processing (NLP):
 Flexibility: Can understand and respond to a wide variety of user inputs and queries
 Precision: Less precise due to the inherent ambiguity and variability in human language
 Example: A chatbot interpreting a user's query about a product's availability
Computer Programming Languages:
 Flexibility: More rigid; requires precise syntax and structure.
 Precision: Highly precise, with clear, commands that the computer executes exactly
 Example: A piece of code written to perform a specific calculation
3. Applications
Natural Language Processing (NLP):
 Applications: Used in conversational AI, sentiment analysis, language translation,
information retrieval, and text summarization.
 Example: Virtual assistants, customer service chatbots, automated translation services, and
voice-activated controls.
Computer Programming Languages:
 Applications: Used in software development, web development, data analysis, machine
learning, system administration, and more.
 Example: Developing web applications, creating data processing pipelines, and building
machine learning models.
4. Learning Curve
Natural Language Processing (NLP):
 Learning Curve: Minimal for end-users since they use their native language.
 Example: A user can start interacting with a voice assistant without any prior training.
Computer Programming Languages:
 Learning Curve: Steeper, requiring users to learn syntax, semantics, and problem-solving
techniques relevant to the language.
 Example: Learning to code in Python involves understanding loops, conditionals, data
structures, and libraries.
5. Interaction Mode
Natural Language Processing (NLP):
 Interaction Mode: Primarily conversational and often voice or text-based, facilitating
natural and seamless interactions.
 Example: Typing a query into a search engine or speaking a command to a smart device.
Computer Programming Languages:
 Interaction Mode: Code-based, typically involving writing and executing scripts
 Example: Writing and debugging a software application in an IDE like Visual Studio Code
Q5 What is robot? Mention four areas where robots can replace humans that are not
mentioned in this unit
Ans: A robot is a machine that contains censors, cameras, microphone, control systems etc.
Designing of robot combines mechanical, electrical and structural engineering, mathematics,
physics etc. Some areas where robots are used include manufacturing industry, transporting
goods in warehouses, packing medicine, working in extreme temperature and handing
hazardous material in high risk environment. (Collaborative robots, Domestic robots, Medical
robots, Industrial robots, Entertainment robots, Educational robots [Not in book])
Q6 In the use of Grammarly AI tool a perfect replacement of manual proofreading?
Ans: Grammarly AI: It is an AI tool for correcting spelling and grammar mistakes in
documents. It provides a safe plate form for improving writing skills. To check a document or
piece of writing, you copy and paste it into a form and them Grammarly automatically checks it.
It protects users’ data that is checked for correction and prevents unauthorized access to their
account. It is not a perfect tool as it has some inaccuracy issues. It does not catch every mistake
and some suggestions it gives may not be correct. Some it is not 100% accurate; it is not a
replacement of manual proofreading.
Give Long answers to the following Extended Responsive Questions (ERQs)
Q1 Relate how AI can be beneficial in education and business
Ans: Education: AI based system in education have many benefits for students, teachers
and school/ university administration. It enhances students’ learning and helps teachers to carry
out their tasks efficiently to provide quality education. AI based systems adapt to meet each
student’s individual learning needs. It helps teachers in grading students’ assignments,
examinations and essays. It helps educational administrators to schedule courses, create class
timetables and analyze students’ data to make better decisions. It can help university
administration in reviewing each student’s enrollment application for admission.
Business: AI is used in the business in the areas of e-commerce, marketing and business
management. AI software is used to run the day to day business activities. It has many benefits
in business. It helps people become efficient, improves productivity and makes accurate
decisions. Use of AI in business provides better services to customers, helps in business growth
and generates more revenue. It helps in cyber security, smart pricing and automated
recruitment as well.

Q2 Articulate how AI based technology can improve healthcare professionals and assist
farmers increase crop production
Ans: Healthcare: AI based software is fed in various machines used in hospitals to help in
diagnosis of certain diseases such as cancer. AI based microscope can scan harmful substances
and bacteria in samples of blood. AI based patient monitoring system in ICU help measuring
real time data such as heart-beat, blood pressure, temperature, etc. that helps doctors in
analyzing patient’s health conditions. AI software provides personalized interaction between
the patient and the hospital in managing health by reducing visits to the hospital.
Agriculture: AI in agriculture refers to using AI based modern techniques to help farmer’s
product high quality crops and increase production by using land more efficiently.
To solve the issue of food shortage and livestock in the future, it is important to use AI
techniques and innovative farming ideas to increase production on existing farmland. The
following are some benefits of application of AI using in agriculture:
 AI is used to scanning images of insects that attack crops and livestock to detect and
prevent spread of disease
 AI can help in monitoring and detecting health problems in livestock using drones, cameras
and computer vision to avoid spread of disease.
 AI based drone technology is used for efficient spray of pesticide.
 AI base farming machinery such as drones, driverless tractors, smart spraying and
fertilization systems are very helpful in increasing crop production.
 AI surveillance system can help in providing security by not allowing unauthorized people
and animals that can harm the crops, to enter the fields.
Q3 Categorize the benefits of cloud computing. Contrast between public and private
clouds
Ans: Cloud Computing: Cloud computing refers to delivery of computing services over the
internet by cloud computing vendors. These services include servers, storage, databases,
networking, software etc. Following are the general benefits of cloud computing:
Accessibility anywhere, with any device
The improved accessibility doesn’t just impact employees; clients and customers can also log in
to an account and access their information as well.
Ability to get rid of most or all hardware and software
With cloud computing, you’re no longer required to have your own server, cables, network
switches, backup generators, redundant routers, and so on. Depending on the cloud provider
you choose, they can manage all of this for a monthly fee.
Centralized data security
When you use cloud computing, data backups are centralized in the cloud providers' data
centers, removing the need for individual users or teams to maintain their own backup’s onsite
or offsite.
Higher performance and availability
By using cloud computing resources together simultaneously, you win greater performance
gains than by having your own dedicated server hardware. Cloud computing increases
input/output operations per second (IOPS).
Instant business insights
Cloud-based platforms provide a unique opportunity to access data as soon as it’s collected.
This facilitates better decision-making as well as insight into what the future may hold for your
organization based on predictions from historical data.
Business continuity
In the event of unforeseen circumstances relying on cloud computing services can benefit your
organization. Cloud computing uses infinite data storage space and systems that can be
activated remotely if necessary to ensure business continuity.
Price-performance and cost savings
Although an initial financial investment is required to implement a cloud strategy, organizations
save substantial amounts in the long run because they don’t have to maintain expensive
hardware or local data centers.
Virtualized computing
Cloud computing is perfect for virtualized computer environments because your business can
expand its capabilities almost effortlessly to meet growing demands without increasing staff or
capital expenditures.
Cloud computing is greener
Cloud computing is a greener technology than traditional IT solutions. By moving to the cloud,
businesses can reduce their energy consumption and carbon footprint by up to 90%.
Contrast between Public Cloud and Private Cloud
Public cloud: In this model, resources are owned and operated by a cloud service provider
instead of being installed in-house on local device. The resources that are delivered to
businesses and organizations over the internet include servers, software and storage. These
resources are managed and maintained by the cloud service provider. Public cloud provides
high speed connectivity to ensure rapid access to application and data.
Private cloud: In this model, resources are owned by and used inside a single organization. In
other words, cloud computing is dedicated to a single organization. The user organization is
responsible for the operation and maintenance of infrastructure. Private cloud solution
provides more control over serves and computer network.
Q4 Compare between traditional algorithms and AI-based algorithms that use machine
learning. Criticize AI-based algorithms for producing wrong results, at times.
Ans: Compare between traditional algorithms and AI-based algorithms:
The common differences between these two approaches are:
Traditional Algorithms:
 Rule-Based: Traditional algorithms typically follow a set of predefined rules or logic.
 Static: These algorithms often lack the ability to learn or evolve over time. They operate on
the data and rules they are initially given.
 Limited Contextual Understanding: Traditional algorithms might not effectively
incorporate a wide range of contextual data, such as user behavior patterns over time or
subtle preferences
AI-Driven Algorithms:
 Learning Capabilities: AI-driven algorithms, particularly those using machine learning, learn
from data over time.
 Personalization: AI algorithms are skilled at personalizing experiences.
 Dynamic and Adaptive: AI algorithms are dynamic, meaning they continually adapt based
on new data. As a user’s preferences change, so do the recommendations.
 Contextual and Predictive Analytics: AI-driven algorithms are better at understanding
context and predicting future behavior. They can analyze complex patterns like viewing
times, pauses, skips, and other subtle behaviors to refine their recommendations
Disadvantages of AI algorithms
The following are some harms / disadvantages of AI algorithms
 AI algorithms are developed by humans who can intentionally or unintentionally introduce
bias in them. The algorithms can produce bias results that can lead to discriminatory
consequences on the grounds such as ethnicity, gender or age
 Driverless self-driving car can have an accident. This shows how AI algorithms can cause
death
 Errors in AI algorithms in healthcare systems can output inaccurate information. For
example, the AI system can recommended a wrong medicine for a patient which can be
very harmful and can even cause death
 Hackers can develop powerful AI algorithms to bypass cyber security and cause malicious
cyber attacks
 AI based automation can lead to job losses in many areas such as automobile
manufacturing, business, education, healthcare, agriculture etc.
 Dependence on AI system can cause loss of creativity and critical thinking skills in humans
 Unexpected behavior of AI systems can result in having negative impact on individuals and
society as a whole. AI systems that don’t observe human values can lead to big disasters
Q5 Interpret the Ethical issues in using the following AI tools
a) ChatGPT b) LovoAI c) Virtual Assistant
Ans: AI tool is intelligent application software used to solve problems. It analyze vast amount
of training data and makes predictions to solve problems efficiency and improve productivity.
Brief description of some popular AI tools and their ethical issues are:
ChatGPT
ChatGPT stands for Chat Generative Pre-trained transformer developed by OpenAI. OpenAI is
an American Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory. ChatGPT helps in performing tasks such
as creating essays, emails and coding. It is an easy to use virtual assistant that provides text-
based responses to users’ questions. It is a very useful AI tool but it raises some ethical issues as
well. Ethical issues include harm due to misinformation, cheating and plagiarism in schools and
universities that can have negative impact on teaching/ learning process and assessment of
students’ work. It also has issues such as bias, discrimination, data privacy and security.
LocoAI
LovoAI is a tool based on AI algorithm that converts text to speech. It is the award winning most
realistic online text to speech generator. It uses AI techniques to find out the most suitable
voice for your text. It supports 500 high quality voices and more than 100 languages. It is an
easy to use tool for creating audios and videos for advertising, marketing, education and
training etc.
There are some ethical some ethical issues that must be considered when developing text to
voice software. The developers should take measures to ensure that personal data collected for
processing is not mishandled or misused and there is no violation of privacy. The training data
used for developing for the voice AI system should be unbiased. Developers should also be
open and honest about the working of their AI-based algorithm to implement transparency.
AI tools that create new contents such as audio, video, music, text and images can raise the
issue of copyright violations and harmful contents. It is responsibility of developers to ensure
that the voice AI system are designed for the benefits of people and do not harm anyone.
Virtual Assistants
Virtual assistant is an interactive AI based application program that can understand natural
language. Popular virtual assistants are Apple’s Siri, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, ChatGPT
and Microsoft Cortana. You can ask a question to it and it will give you the answer. Virtual
assistants have become part of our daily life. It can perform various tasks such as sending text
messages, making phone calls, playing music, making purchase, making search queries, and
creating emails.
Developers of virtual assistants face many ethical challenges. Virtual assistants store
information of people who use it. The user does not know where the information is stored and
how it is protected against security and privacy risks. The developers of virtual assistant should
be honest, trustworthy and abide by the code of ethics. They should ensure that the
information about people is not misused or cause any type of harm to individuals or people.