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circle theorem

The document discusses the Circle Theorem, outlining key components of a circle and presenting eight theorems related to angles and chords. It includes examples and solutions to illustrate each theorem, such as the angles subtended by chords at the circumference and center of a circle, and properties of cyclic quadrilaterals. The document also emphasizes the relationships between angles formed by tangents and chords.

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3 views

circle theorem

The document discusses the Circle Theorem, outlining key components of a circle and presenting eight theorems related to angles and chords. It includes examples and solutions to illustrate each theorem, such as the angles subtended by chords at the circumference and center of a circle, and properties of cyclic quadrilaterals. The document also emphasizes the relationships between angles formed by tangents and chords.

Uploaded by

kpatsajohn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CORE MATHEMATICS

CIRCLE THEOREM
CIRCLE THEOREM
• We are first going to look at some major parts of a circle i.e the diameter,
radius, the circumference and chord.
• We have eight of the theorems and we are going to talk about them in this
chapter.
• Talking of circle theorem we are also going to make reference to some
properties of angles such as sum of angles on a triangle, supplementary
angles, vertically opposite angles and so on.
• We are also going to make reference to properties of triangles and parallel
lines when necessary.
CIRCLE THEOREM
PART OF A CIRCLE

diameter

chord

A tangent
B
CIRCLE THEOREM
Theorem 1

b
a c

A B

The angle a chord subtend at the circumference of a circle in the same segment are equal.
i.e 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐
CIRCLE THEOREM
Examples
Find the angles marked in the diagrams bellow.
i. ii.
D C
D C
a
a 45˚
45˚

30˚ b
30˚ b
A c B
A B
CIRCLE THEOREM
Solution

D C D C
i. a
ii. a
45˚ 60˚

30˚ b 28˚ b
A B A c B

Considering the chord AB Considering the chord AB


𝑎 = 45° 𝑎 = 60°
Considering the chord CD Considering the chord CD
𝑏 = 30° 𝑏 = 𝑐 = 28°
NB: in circle theorem, you can draw your own chord when necessary.
CIRCLE THEOREM
Theorem 2

b
b

O O O
a a a b

A B A B A B

Suppose O is the center of the circle,


The angle a chord subtend at the center of a circle is twice the angle it subtend at the
circumference.
𝑎
i.e 𝑎 = 2𝑏 and 𝑏 =
2
CIRCLE THEOREM
Examples
Suppose O is the center of the circle, find the angles marked in the diagrams bellow.
i. ii.
D C
a
60˚ O
O a b
c
30˚ b
A B
A B
CIRCLE THEOREM
Solution
i. D C ii.
a
60˚
O O
c 30˚ b
30˚ b
A B A B

Consider the chord AB


30
𝑎 = 60° theorem 1 𝑏=
2
Consider the chord CD 𝑏 = 15°
𝑏 = 30° theorem 1
• 𝑐 = 2𝑎 theorem 2
𝑐 = 2 × 60 = 120°
CIRCLE THEOREM
Theorem 3

B B
O

The angle a diameter subtend at the circumference of a circle is 90°.


CIRCLE THEOREM
Theorem 4
b

A B

The angle a chord subtend at the circumference of a circle in opposite segment sum up to
180°.
i.e 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 180°
CIRCLE THEOREM
Examples
Suppose O is the center of the circle, find the angles marked in the diagrams bellow.
i. ii.
a 50˚

O
a b

A B A B
150 b
CIRCLE THEOREM
Solution
i. ii. a 50˚

O
a b

A B A B
150 b

150 + 𝑏 = 180 𝑎 = 50°


𝑏 = 180 − 150 50 + 𝑏 = 180
𝑏 = 30° 𝑏 = 180 − 50
𝑎 = 2𝑏 𝑏 = 130°
𝑎 = 2(30)
𝑎 = 60°
CIRCLE THEOREM
Theorem 5

a b

c d

A quadrilateral formed inside a circle is called cyclic quadrilateral


The opposite angle of a cyclic quadrilateral sum up to 180˚.
i.e 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 180° and 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 180°
CIRCLE THEOREM
Example Solution
Find the angles marked in the ∠𝐴𝑉𝐵 = ∠𝐷𝑉𝐶 (vertically opposite)
diagram below ∠𝐷𝑉𝐶 = 96°
from VDC
A B
b 50 + 𝑎 + 96 = 180
c
96˚
𝑎 = 180 − 146 = 34°
V
𝑏 = 𝑎 = 34 (from the chord AD)
40˚
𝑎 + 𝑐 + 40 = 180
50˚
a
D C 𝑐 + 34 + 40 = 180
𝑐 = 180 − 74 = 106°
CIRCLE THEOREM
Theorem 6

O
a b

Equal chords subtend the same angles at the center of a circle.


i.e 𝑎 = 𝑏
CIRCLE THEOREM
Theorem 7

a b

Equal chords subtend the same angles at the circumference of a circle.


i.e 𝑎 = 𝑏
CIRCLE THEOREM
Theorem 8

C
B ∝ 𝜃

𝜃 ∝
S A T

ST is a tangent line to the circle, AB and AC are chords of the circle.


The angle formed between a chord and a tangent line is equal to the angle in the alternate
segment
CIRCLE THEOREM
Example Solution
In the diagram below, O is the center of From ABC ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 30°
the circle and 𝑆𝐵 is the tangent of the circle. From BOC
Find i. ∠𝑂𝐴𝐵 ii. ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 iii. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 iv. ∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 + 30° + 30° = 180°
∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180 ° − 60° = 120°
D 1
i. ∠𝑂𝐴𝐵 = × ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶
2
1
E O 38° ∠𝑂𝐴𝐵 = × 120° = 60°
A C 2

ii. ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 + 38°


30°
30° ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 30° + 38° = 68°
S B
CIRCLE THEOREM
D
From AED
∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 + ∠𝐸𝐷𝐴 + 𝐸𝐴𝐷 = 180°
E O 38°
A C ∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 + 30° + 55° = 180°
∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = 180° − 85°
30°
30°
S B
∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = 95°
iii. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 38° (from chord AD)
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 90° (diameter AC)
∠𝐸𝐵𝑂 = 90° − (30° + 38°)
∠𝐸𝐵𝑂 = 22°
∠𝐷𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 55°
CIRCLE THEOREM
NOTE THE FOLLOWING
1. Two tangents drawn from a point to 2. suppose O is the center of the circle
a circle are equal 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐵

O
O 𝜃 𝜃

A B
TRY QUESTIONS
TRY QUESTIONS
TRY QUESTIONS
THANK YOU

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