Cruise Tourism

OVERVIEW AND FOUNDATION OF MODERN CRUISE INDUSTRY Page 1 of 12

OVERVIEW AND FOUNDATION OF MODERN

CRUISE INDUSTRY

I. INTRODUCTION

This module provides brief history and development of the cruise line industry and the reasons for its
success. It familiarizes students with the unique features, facilities, and target markets of critical brands
and provides an insight into the scale and scope of employment opportunities available in the industry.

II. OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, the learner's will be able to:

A. Define the elements of cruising;

B. Summarize the history of the first cruise line industry;

C. Critically reflect on the image cruising and consider different types of cruises;

D. Illustrate the factors and experiences that create a memorable cruise experience and what passengers
a cruise line needs to fulfill as successful.

III. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY

Before you proceed to the main lesson,

here are some words /expression
to be learned in the class.

ACTIVITY 1: UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES

Direction: find the words that correspond to the meaning below by choosing inside the pool.

Destination Itinerary Cruise Ship

Cabin accommodation leisure

____________________ .1 It is the place to which someone or something is going.

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____________________ .2 It is a private room or compartment on a ship.

____________________ .3 It is a travel document recording a route or journey.
____________________ .4 It is temporary lodgings, sometimes also including the board.
____________________ .5 It is a large passenger ship used mainly for vacationing.
____________________ .6 It is an opportunity afforded by free time to do something.

IV. LESSON PROPER

THE CRUISING ELEMENT

Cruise vacations are big business. There are a dizzying array of choices, and selecting the right cruise is
usually an overwhelming task.

For Cartwright and Baird (1999), the definition focuses on motivation, and considering cruises is not a mere
trip between origin and destination but as part of a whole of services offered by leisure and holiday
companies.

For Butler (2003), the central element of cruising is the onboard accommodation and services, and not the
cruise ship as a means of maritime transport.

Douglas & Douglas (2004) understand the cruise as a type of sea voyage in which the vessel travels from
and to the same place, providing leisure and recreation services to its passengers. Nevertheless, this
definition excludes cruise ships with itineraries between different ports, and the passengers may embark or
disembark the cruise during the route.

Table 1.1: Eight (8) Elements of Cruise Vacation

I am using McCool, C. (2020, October 24). 8 great elements of a Cruise vacation. McCool
Travel. https://www.mccooltravel.com/8-great-elements-of-a-cruise-vacation/.

1. Destination 2. Itinerary 3. Cruise Ship Size

4. Facilities 5. Cabin 6. Style

7. Ask a friend 8. personality

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Table 1.2: Tourist's Favorite overseas city

I am using the data from Nomadic, M. (2021, July 17). My current 14 favorite cities in the world.
Nomadic Matt's Travel Site. https://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-blogs/my-favorite-
cities-in-the-world/.

1. Amsterdam 6. Chicago 11. Reykjavik

2. Paris 7. Vancouver 12. London
3. Bangkok 8. Queenstown 13. Oaxaca
4. Stockholm 9. Perth 14. Cape Town
5. New York City 10. Hong Kong

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CRUISE LINE INDUSTRY

The Classic Ocean Liners 1818 - Black Ball Line was the first shipping company to offer regularly scheduled
service from the United States to England and be concerned with their passengers' comfort. Before 1818,
ocean-going vessels were not primarily concerned with passengers but rather with the cargo they could carry.

1830s – Steamships introduced and dominated the transatlantic market of passengers and mail transport.
English transport dominated the market at this time, led by the British and North American Royal Mail
Steam Packet (later Cunard Line).
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THE ROYAL MAIL STEAM PACKET

On July 4, 1840, Cunard Line's Britannia was the first ship that left Liverpool with a cow on board to supply
fresh milk to the passengers on the 14-day transatlantic crossing. 1844 - The year when the advent of
pleasure cruises was linked, and a new industry began.

The 1850s and 1860s – This was the time of the dramatic improvement in passengers' voyage quality.
Ships began to cater solely to passengers rather than cargo or mail contracts and added luxuries like
electric lights, more deck space, and entertainment.

In the 1880s – Ships began to carry immigrants to the United States in the "steerage" class. In steerage,
passengers were responsible for providing their food and slept in whatever space was available in the
hold.

R.M.S. BRITANNIA

1899 - R.M.S. Oceanic was a transatlantic ocean liner built for the White Star Line. She sailed on her
maiden voyage on September 6, 1899, and, until 1901, was the largest ship in the world. At the outbreak
of World War I in 1914, she was commissioned into Royal Navy service on August 8, 1914, as an armed
merchant cruiser.

RMS OCEANIC

By the early 20th century, the concept of the superliner was developed, and Germany led the market in
the development of these massive and ornate floating hotels. The design of these liners attempted to
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minimize the discomfort of ocean travel, masking the fact of being at sea and the extremes in weather as
much as possible through elegant accommodations and planned activities.

The White Star Line, owned by American financier J.P. Morgan, introduced the most luxurious passenger
ships ever seen in the Olympics (complete with swimming pool and tennis court) and Titanic.

Figure 1 R.M.S. Titanic

The Titanic was the product of intense competition among rival shipping lines in the first half of the 20th
century. In particular, the White Star Line found itself in a battle for steamship primary with Cunard, a
venerable British firm with two four standout ships that ranked among the most sophisticated and luxurious
of their time.

THE SINKING OF THE TITANIC

1912 - The Titanic was a British luxury steamship that sank in the early hours of April 15, 1912, after
striking an iceberg, leading to more than 1,500 passengers and crew deaths. The sinking of the Titanic
devastated the White Star Line.
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Titanic created quite a stir when it departed for its maiden voyage from Southampton, England, on April
10, 1912. After stops in Cherbourg, France, and Queenstown (now known as Cobh), Ireland, the ship set
sail for New York with 2,240 passengers and crew—or "souls," the expression then used in the shipping
industry, usually in connection with a sinking—on board.

As befitting the first transatlantic crossing of the world's most celebrated ship, many of these souls were
high-ranking officials, wealthy industrialists, dignitaries, and celebrities. First and foremost was the White
Star Line's managing director, J. Bruce Ismay, accompanied by Thomas Andrews, the ship's builder from
Harland and Wolff.

On April 14, after four days of uneventful sailing, Titanic received sporadic reports of ice from other ships,
but she was sailing on calm seas under a moonless, clear sky.

At about 2330H, a lookout saw an iceberg coming out of a slight haze dead ahead, then rang the warning
bell and telephoned the bridge. The engines were quickly reversed, and the ship was turned sharply
instead of making a direct impact; Titanic seemed to graze along the side of the berg, sprinkling ice
fragments on the forward deck.

1914 - World War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that lasted up
to 1918 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East,
and other regions. World War I interrupted the building of new cruise ships, and many older liners were
used as troop transports. German superliners were given to Great Britain and the United States as
reparations at the end of the war.

THE SINKING OF R.M.S. LUSITANIA

1915 - Cunard's other masterpiece, R.M.S. Lusitania, which was launched in the same year with R.M.S.
Mauretania in 1907 met its tragic end on May 7, 1915, when a torpedo fired by a German U-boat sunk
the ship, killing nearly 1,200 of the 1,959 people on board and precipitating the United States' entry into
World War I.
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THE MOST GLAMOROUS YEARS FOR TRANSATLANTIC PASSENGER SHIPS

The years between 1920 and 1940 were considered the most glamorous years for transatlantic passenger
ships. These shops catered to the rich and famous, enjoying luxurious settings on numerous newsreels
viewed by the general public. American tourists interested in visiting Europe replaced immigrant
passengers. Advertisements promoted the fashion of ocean travel, featuring elegant food and onboard
activities.

WORLD WAR II INTERRUPTION TO CRUISE INDUSTRY

Cruise liners again were converted into troop carriers in World War II, and all transatlantic cruising ceased
until after the war. European lines then reaped transporting refugees to America and Canada and
business travelers and tourists to Europe. The lack of American ocean liners at this time, and thus the
loss of profits, spurred the U.S. government to subsidize the building of cruise liners.
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V. ANALYSIS, APPLICATION, AND EXPLORATION

ACTIVITY 1

Direction: Read each multiple-choice item. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

Name: _________________________ Student Number: _______________

Course & Section: ________________ Date: _______________

1. According to McCool, 2020 there are eight great elements of a Cruise vacation. Choose the letter of
not included in the element.

A. Personality B. Style C. Ask the friend D. Service

2. In the latest survey conducted by Nomadic about 14 favorite cities globally, choose the letter not
included in the choices.

A. Reykjavik B. London C. Buddapest D. Oaxaca

3. The first shipping company regularly scheduled service from the United States to England and was
concerned with their passengers' comfort.

A. Black Ball Line B. White Star Line C. Royal Navy Line D. Lusitania Line

4. The White Star Line was the producer of what Royal Mail Ship?

A. RMS Titanic B. RMS Olimpic C. RMS Hemeric D. Queen Mary

5. Cunard Line was formerly known as _____________________?

A. British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet

B. Black Ball Line
C. White Star Line
D. Royal Navy Line

Finally, let us summarize

the lesson of what we had
discussed today.
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VI. GENERALIZATION

Direction: Write an essay that shows what you have learned in the lesson. In writing the report, the
students are encouraged to write concisely, accurately, and efficiently.

KUDOS!
You have come to the end of Module 1,
but don't forget you still have the assignment to do.
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VII. ASSIGNMENT

Name: _________________________ Student Number: _______________

Course & Section: ________________ Date: _______________

Direction: Read each multiple-choice item. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. He owned the RMS Titanic."

A. John Pierpont (J.P.) Morgan

B. J. Bruce Ismay
C. Thomas Henry Ismay
D. Henry Wilson

2. Cruise liners again were converted into troop carriers in what war?

A. World War I B. World War III C. Cold War D. World War II

3. The year was R.M.S. Lusitania met its tragic

A. May 7, 1915 B. May 7, 1907 C. June 7, 1915 D. June 7, 1907

4. Estimated number of death in sinking R.M.S. Lusitania

A. 1, 500 B. 1, 400 C. 1, 200 D. 1, 300

5. It is Cunard's other masterpiece

A. R.M.S. Mauretania
B. R.M.S. Lusitania
C. RMS Titanic
D. RMS Hemeric

After your long journey of reading and accomplishing the module,

let us now challenge your mind by answering
the evaluation part of this module.
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VIII. EVALUATION

Name: _________________________ Student Number: _______________

Course & Section: ________________ Date: _______________

Direction: Read each multiple-choice item. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The primary delivery organization consistently planned assistance from the United States to England and
was worried about their travelers' solace.

A. Black Ball Line B. White Star Line C. Royal Navy Line D. Lusitania Line

2. Luxury ships again were changed over into troop transporters in what war?

A. World War I B. World War III C. Cold War D. World War II

3. The year was R.M.S. Lusitania met its tragic

A. May 7, 1915 B. May 7, 1907 C. June 7, 1915 D. June 7, 1907

4. Assessed number of death in sinking R.M.S. Lusitania

A. 1, 500 B. 1, 400 C. 1, 200 D. 1, 300

5. It is Cunard's other masterpiece

A. R.M.S. Mauretania
B. R.M.S. Lusitania
C. RMS Titanic
D. RMS Hemeric

6. The White Star Line was the maker of what Royal Mail Ship?

A. RMS Titanic B. RMS Olimpic C. RMS Hemeric D. Queen Mary

7. Cunard Line was once in the past known as _____________________?

A. British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet

B. Black Ball Line
C. White Star Line
D. Royal Navy Line

8. He owned the RMS Titanic."

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A. John Pierpont (J.P.) Morgan

B. J. Bruce Ismay
C. Thomas Henry Ismay
D. Henry Wilson

9. It is the place to which someone or something is going.

A. Destination B. Itinerary C. Style D. Cabin

10. It is a private room or compartment on a ship.

A. Destination B. Itinerary C. Style D. Cabin