Scribd
Upload
127 views24 pages

week06

The document provides an overview of magnetic circuits, including concepts such as reluctance, self-inductance, and variable reluctance sensors. It details the calculations for inductance in various configurations and discusses the operation of electromagnetic sensing elements based on Faraday's law. Additionally, it includes examples for calculating inductance and output signals for variable reluctance tachogenerators and LVDTs.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Shakhsheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
127 views24 pages

week06

The document provides an overview of magnetic circuits, including concepts such as reluctance, self-inductance, and variable reluctance sensors. It details the calculations for inductance in various configurations and discusses the operation of electromagnetic sensing elements based on Faraday's law. Additionally, it includes examples for calculating inductance and output signals for variable reluctance tachogenerators and LVDTs.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Shakhsheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Review of magnetic circuit

Simple magnetic circuit

In electrical circuit
In magnetic circuit

For this figure

the flux in the magnetic circuit is

the total flux N linked by the entire coil of n turns is


The reluctance of a magnetic circuit

The reluctance of a magnetic circuit is given by:

where
l -the total length of the flux path
μ -the relative permeability of the circuit material
μ0- the permeability of free space = 4π × 10−7Hm−1 A -
cross-sectional area of the flux path

Self-inductance of a coil

By definition the self-inductance L of the coil is the total flux per unit current
inductive displacement sensor (Variable reluctance elements)
Calculation for typical variable reluctance displacement sensor

The elements of a typical variable reluctance displacement sensor are:

- a ferromagnetic core in the shape of a semitoroid (semicircular ring)


- a variable air gap
-a ferromagnetic plate or armature
The Inductance of reluctance displacement sensor

First of all we have to calculate the total Reluctance Calculation


The total reluctance of the magnetic circuit is the sum of the individual reluctances

- The reluctance of the core

- The reluctance of air gap

- The reluctance of armature


The total reluctance can be written as

The Inductance of reluctance displacement sensor is


Example 17. By taking a central flux path, estimate the inductance of the
sensor shown in the figure below:

(a) for zero air gap;


(b) for a 2 mm air gap.
Assume the relative permeability of core and armature is 104 and that of air
is unity.
Example 18.
A variable reluctance sensor consists of a core, a variable air gap and an
armature. The core is a steel rod of diameter 1 cm and relative permeability
100, bent to form a semi-circle of diameter 4 cm. A coil of 500 turns is wound
onto the core. The armature is a steel plate of thickness 0.5 cm and relative
permeability 100. Assuming the relative permeability of air = 1.0 and the
permeability of free space = 4π × 10−7Hm−1, calculate the inductance of the
sensor for air gaps of 1 mm and 3 mm.
Differential reluctance displacement sensor

Note: The relationship between L1, L2 and displacement x is non-linear, but if


the sensor is incorporated into the a.c. deflection bridge of then the overall
relationship between bridge out of balance voltage and x is linear
Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)

- The primary winding is energised by an a.c. voltage of amplitude and frequency f Hz


-The two secondaries are connected in series opposition
- The output voltage is the difference (V1 − V2 ) of the voltages induced in the secondaries.
- A ferromagnetic core or plunger moves inside the former
-With the core removed the secondary voltages are ideally equal so that VOUT = 0.
LVDT secondary waveforms
A.C. characteristics of LVDT.
DC characteristics of LVDT after Rectifier
Characteristics of LVDT after phase sensitive detector and LPF
Example 19.
An LVDT has a maximum core motion of cm with a linearity of over that
range. The sensitivity of an LVDT is 23.8 mV/mm. If used to track work-piece
motion -1.2 from to +1.4 cm, what is the expected output voltage?

Solution
Using the known sensitivity the output voltages can easily be found,
Electromagnetic sensing elements

- The operation of these elements is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic


induction
-These elements are used for the measurement of linear and angular velocity

Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction

if the flux N linked by a conductor is changing with time, then a back e.m.f. is
induced in the conductor with magnitude equal to the rate of change of flux, i.e.
Variable reluctance tachogenerator

- measuring angular velocity


-It consists of
• a toothed wheel of ferromagnetic material
• a coil wound onto a permanent magnet, extended by a soft iron pole piece.
The resulting cyclic variation in reluctance with angular rotation θ

The total flux N linked by a coil of n turns is

We see that a reluctance minimum corresponds to a flux maximum and


vice versa.

This relation may be approximated by

where
a is the mean flux
b is the amplitude of the flux variation
m is the number of teeth.
Output signal for variable reluctance tachogenerator
a back e.m.f. is induced in the conductor with magnitude equal to the rate of
change of flux

The induced e.m.f. is given by

Thus
Amplitude and Frequency Output signal for variable reluctance tachogenerator

Amplitude of signal

Frequency of signal
Example 20.
A variable reluctance tachogenerator consists of a ferromagnetic gear wheel
with 22 teeth rotating close to a magnet and coil assembly. The total flux N
linked by the coil is given by:

N(θ ) = 4.0 + 1.5 cos 22θ milliwebers

where θ is the angular position of the wheel relative to the axis of the magnet.
Calculate the amplitude and frequency of the output signal when the angular
velocity of the wheel is 1000 and 10000 r.p.m.
Example 21. A variable reluctance tachogenerator consists of a ferromagnetic
wheel with 20 teeth rotating close to a bar magnet and coil. If the wheel is
rotating at 6000 rpm, what is the frequency of the a.c. voltage induced in the
coil?

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy