Emerging technology

GBTCE

Chapter 5

Augmented Reality

After accomplishing this chapter, Students will be able to:

 Explain augmented reality

 Explain the features of augmented reality
 Explain the difference between AR, VR, and MR
 Explain the architecture of augmented reality systems
 Describe the application areas of augmented reality

Augmented reality

 Is to combine, or mix, the view of the real environment with additional, virtual content
that is presented through computer graphics.
 The virtual content is aligned and registered with the real objects.
 As a person moves in an environment and their perspective view of real objects changes,
the virtual content should also be presented from the same perspective
 Augmented reality (AR) is a form of emerging technology that allows users to
overlay computer generated content in the real world.
 AR refers to a live view of a physical real-world environment whose elements are merged
with augmented computer-generated images creating a mixed reality. The augmentation
is typically done in real-time and in semantic context with environmental elements. By
using the latest AR techniques and technologies, the information about the surrounding
real world becomes interactive and digitally usable. Through this augmented vision, a
user can digitally interact with and adjust information about their surrounding
environment.
 Augmented reality is the integration of digital information with the user's
environment in real time.
 Augmented reality uses the existing environment and overlays new information on top of
it.
 A live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are
augmented by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS
data.

Virtual reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) vs Mixed reality (MR)

Virtual Reality (VR):-

 The use of computer modeling and simulation that enables a person to interact with an
artificial three-dimensional (3-D) visual or other sensory environment.

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 VR applications immerse the user in a computer-generated environment that simulates

reality through the use of interactive devices.
 User wearing a helmet with a stereoscopic screen views animated images of a simulated
environment.
 It is fully immersive, which tricks your senses into thinking you’re in a different
environment or world apart from the real world.
 Using a head-mounted display (HMD) or headset, you’ll experience a computer-
generated world of imagery and sounds in which you can manipulate objects and move
around using haptic controllers while tethered to a console or PC.
 It is also called 84 a computer-simulated reality.
 It refers to computer technologies using reality headsets to generate realistic sounds,
images and other sensations that replicate a real environment or create an imaginary
world.
 Advanced VR environment will engage all five senses (taste, sight, smell, touch, sound),
but it is important to say that this is not always possible.
 Using VR devices such as HTC Vive, Oculus Rift or Google Cardboard, users can be transported
into a number of real-world and imagined environments.
 Most VR headsets are connected to a computer (Oculus Rift) or a gaming console (PlayStation
VR) but there are standalone devices (Google Cardboard is among the most popular) as well.
Most standalone VR headsets work in combination with smartphones – you insert a
smartphone, wear a headset, and immerse in the virtual reality.

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Augmented Reality (AR)

 In augmented reality, users see and interact with the real world while digital content is added to
it. If you own a modern smartphone, you can easily download an AR app and try this technology.
 AR adds digital elements to a live view often by using the camera on a smartphone.
 Augmented Reality (AR) is a live, direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment
whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated sensory input such
as sound, video, graphics or GPS data

Mixed Reality (MR)

 Mixed Reality (MR), sometimes referred to as hybrid reality, is the merging of real and virtual
worlds to produce new environments and visualizations where physical and digital objects co-
exist and interact in real-time
 For example, with MR, you can play a virtual video game, grab your real-world water bottle, and
smack an imaginary character from the game with the bottle.
 Imagination and reality have never been so intermingled.
 The key characteristic of MR is that the synthetic content and the real-world content are able to
react to each other in real-time.
 Interact with and manipulate both physical and virtual items and environments, using next-
generation sensing and imaging technologies.
 MR allows you to see and immerse yourself in the world around you even as you interact with a
virtual environment using your own hands—all without ever removing your headset

s differences among augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality is the hardware requirements
and also VR is content which is 100% digital and can be enjoyed in a fully immersive environment, AR
overlays digital content on top of the real-world. and MR is a digital overlay that allows interactive
virtual elements to integrate and interact with the real-world environment. Numerous augmented
reality apps and games can run on almost every smartphone on the market.

On the other hand, virtual reality programs require specialized VR headsets, noise-canceling
headphones, cameras to track room space and boundaries, and sometimes even motion capture
technology. Some of the biggest names in VR tech today are the Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, and PlayStation
VR. For the enjoyment of simple VR videos, there are affordable makeshift VR headsets like the Google
Cardboard, which work by running a video in 360 modes on your smartphone and inserting the phone
into the headset

The architecture of AR Systems

Augmented reality

1. Infrastructure Tracker Unit:- collecting data from the real world, sending them to the Processing
Unit which mixed the virtual content with the real content and sent the result to the Video Out

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module of the Visual Unit. Some designs used a Video In, to acquire required data for the
Infrastructure Tracker Unit.
2. Processing Unit
3. Visual Unit.

The Visual Unit can be classified into two types of system, depending on the followed visualization
technology:

1. Video see-through: It uses a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) that employs a video-mixing and displays
the merged images on a closed-view HMD.

2. Optical see-through: It uses an HMD that employs optical combiners to merge the images within an
open-view HMD.

1. AR In education

 AR can be used to enhance content and instruction within the traditional classroom,
supplement instruction in the special education classroom, extend content into the
world outside the classroom, and be combined with other technologies to enrich their
individual applications. More importantly, the following reasons for using augmented
reality in education
 Affordable learning materials - posters, digital illustrations, physical models, and
prototypes are very expensive and it’s impossible for schools to find enough
money to purchase all the supplementary materials they would like to. Using AR
technology allows for avoiding investments in physical materials. Besides,
students can get access to learning materials and interact with them anytime.

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 Interactive lessons - when AR technology is used in classrooms, students can view

models on their own smartphones and get a better idea of the concepts they are
studying. That increases engagements and reinforces the learning.
 Higher engagement - when teachers integrate augmented reality into their
lectures, they attract the attention of their students and make lessons more
effective. When students are interested, it is much easier to make them work
more productively.
 Higher retention - using the AR app, students can get access to augmented
models that represent any real objects from a famous monument or work of art to
a molecule. Besides, students can get access to a website with specific
information. When learning with AR technology, students use different senses and
retain more knowledge for a long time.
 Boost intellectual curiosity - augmented reality makes students more excited
about learning certain subjects. Modern students were born in a digital era so
they will always be excited with innovative technologies that can help them learn
new ideas and develop their critical thinking skills.

AR In Medicine

 surgery (minimally invasive surgery);

 education of future doctors;
 diagnostics;
 AR tools may also aid to detect the signs of depression and other mental illnesses by reading
from facial expressions, voice tones, and physical gestures.
 Describing symptoms
 Nursing care - About 40% of the first intravenous injections fail, and this ratio is even higher in
the case of children and elderly patients.
 Surgery :-
 Ultrasounds –
 Diabetes management –
 Navigation

Generally, AR provides the following benefits to patients and healthcare workers:

 Reduce the risks associated with minimally invasive surgery.

 Better informed decisions about the right treatment and illness prevention.
 Make procedures more tolerable.
 Better aftercare
 Medical training and education.
 Assistance in medical procedures and routine tasks.

AR In Entertainment

 AR in games

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 AR in music
 AR on TV
 AR in eSports
 AR in the theater

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