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Ch13 Heat Transfer

This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 13 on heat transfer, including convection, conduction, and radiation. Convection involves the transfer of heat by fluid movement. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat through a material by molecular vibration. Radiation is heat transfer via electromagnetic waves. The chapter provides equations for calculating heat transfer via these different mechanisms and examples of applications such as insulation and cooking stoves.

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Lourdes Mangalus
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104 views5 pages

Ch13 Heat Transfer

This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 13 on heat transfer, including convection, conduction, and radiation. Convection involves the transfer of heat by fluid movement. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat through a material by molecular vibration. Radiation is heat transfer via electromagnetic waves. The chapter provides equations for calculating heat transfer via these different mechanisms and examples of applications such as insulation and cooking stoves.

Uploaded by

Lourdes Mangalus
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4/30/2011

Chapter13 HeatTransfer
Chapter13:HeatTransfer 13.1.Convection 13.2.Conduction 13.3.Radiation 13.4.Applications

13.1Convection

13.1Convection

CONVECTION Convection is the process in which heat is carried from one place to another by the bulk movement of a fluid.

Thermals can be used by glider pilots to gain considerable altitude.

convection currents

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13.1Convection

13.2Conduction

CONDUCTION

Forced Convection

Conduction is the process whereby heat is transferred directly through a material, with any bulk motion of the material playing no role in the transfer.

One mechanism for conduction occurs when the atoms or molecules in a hotter part of the material vibrate or move with greater energy than those in a cooler part. By means of collisions, the more energetic molecules pass on some of their energy to their less energetic neighbors.

Materials that conduct heat well are called thermal conductors, and those that conduct heat poorly are called thermal insulators.

13.2Conduction

13.2Conduction

CONDUCTION OF HEAT THROUGH A MATERIAL The heat Q conducted during a time t through a bar of length L and cross-sectional area A is

Q
The amount of heat Q that is conducted through the bar depends on a number of factors: 1. 2. 3. 4. The time during which conduction takes place. The temperature difference between the ends of the bar. The cross sectional area of the bar. The length of the bar.

kAT t
L

thermal conductivity

SI Units of Thermal Conductivity: J/(smCo)

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13.2Conduction

13.2Conduction

Materials with dead air spaces are usually excellent thermal insulators.

Example 13.2. Heat Transfer in the Human Body. When excessive heat is producedwithinthebody,itmustbetransferredtotheskinanddispersedif thetemperatureatthebodyinterioristobemaintainedatthenormalvalue of37.0C.Onepossiblemechanismfortransferisconductionthroughbody fat. Suppose that heat travels through 0.030 m of fat in reaching the skin, whichhasatotalsurfaceareaof1.7m2andatemperatureof34.0C.Find theamountofheatthatreachestheskininhalfanhour(1800s).(k=0.20 J/smC)

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Example13.3.TheTemperatureataPointbetweentheEndsofaBar.Inthe figure below, the temperatures at the ends of the bar are 85.0 C at the warmerendand27.0Catthecoolerend.Thebarhasalengthof0.680m. Whatisthetemperatureatapointthatis0.220mfromthecoolerendof thebar?

13.3Radiation

13.3Radiation

The emissivity e is a dimensionless number between zero and one. It is the ratio of what an object radiates to what the object would radiate if it were a perfect emitter.

RADIATION Radiation is the process in which energy is transferred by means of electromagnetic waves. THE STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW OF RADIATION The radiant energy Q, emitted in a time t by an object that has a Kelvin temperature T, a surface area A, and an emissivity e, is given by

A material that is a good absorber is also a good emitter. A material that absorbs completely is called a perfect blackbody.

Q e T 4 At
Stefan-Boltzmann constant

5.67 10 8 J s m 2 K 4

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13.4Applications

13.4Applications

A thermos bottle minimizes heat transfer via conduction, convection, and radiation.

The halogen cooktop stove creates electromagnetic energy that passes through the ceramic top and is absorbed directly by the bottom of the pot.

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