LOCOMOTION

INTRODUCTION

1. What is the purpose of locomotion performed by animals?

I. Search of food
II. Search of shelter
III. Search of mate
IV. Search of suitable breeding grounds
V. Search of favourable climate conditions
VI. Escaping from enemies/predators
Choose the correct option
a) All except V b) All except IV c) All except II d) All of these

2. Streaming of the cytoplasm/cyclosis is seen in

a) Amoeba b) Earhworm c) Nereis d) Leech

20.1 TYPES OF MOVEMENT

3. An individual sarcomere of myofibril consists of

a) Overlapping actin and myosin b) A stack of actin fibres
c) A stack of myosin units d) Overlapping actin and relaxin

4. Which of the following statements are true for ciliary movements?

a) They takes part in the propulsion of excretory products
b) They present in trachea, vasa efferentia and oviducts
c) They are seen in Paramecium and other ciliates
d) All of the above

5. Which ribs show ‘bucket- handle’ type of movement?

a) Rib no. 1-2 b) Rib no.3-5 c) Rib no. 6-10 d) Rib no. 11-12

20.2 MUSCLE

6. In a …A… state, the edge of thin filaments on either side of thick filaments …B… overlap the
free ends of ...C… filaments leaving the central part of thick filaments. This central part of
thick filament, not overlapped by thin filaments is called …D… zone.
Choose the correct options to fill the gaps A, B, C and D, so as to complete the given NCERT
statement
a) A-resting, B-partially, C-thick, D-H b) A-resting, B-partially, C-thick, D-A
c) A-resting, B-partially, C-thick, D-I d) A-resting, B-partially, C-thick, D-M
7. Arrange the following steps of muscle contraction in the sequence of events occurring first
I. Receptor sites on sarcolemma
II. Nerve impulse
III. Release of Ca2+
IV. Acetylcholine release
V. Shortening of sarcomere
VI. Synaptic cleft
VII. Spread of impulse over sarcolemma on T-tubule
The correct option is
a) II → IV → VI → I → VII → III → V b) II → IV → I → VI → VII → III → V
c) II → IV → I → VI → VII → V → III d) IV → II → I → VI → VII → V → III

8. Arrange the given steps of muscle contraction in the series of events from first to last
I. Myosin head binds to the exposed active site on action to form a cross bridge
II. The Z-line attached to these actin are also pulled in wards there by causing shortening of
sarcomere also called contraction
III. This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of A -band
The correct option is
a) I → II → III b) III → II → I c) I → III → II d) III → I → II

9. In the resting state of muscles the troponin

a) Active site on actin filament b) Terminal site on actin filament
c) Terminal site on actin tropomyosin d) Middle site on actin tropomyosin

10. Where the troponin is found during muscle contraction?

a) Myosin filament b) Meromyosin c) Tropomyosin d) T-tubule

11. Sliding filament theory was given by

a) AF Huxley and T Huxley b) Leeuwenhoek and Hooke
c) AF Huxley and HF Huxley d) HF Huxley and Robert Hooke

12. Striped muscles are characterized by

a) Syncytial b) Spindle shape c) Uninucleate d) None of these

13. Relaxation of the muscle takes place due to

I. pumping of Ca2+ ions in sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. presence of ATP
III. confirmational changes in troponin and masking the actin filament
Option containing correct statement is
a) I and III b) I and II c) II and III d) I, II and III
14. Identify the correctly labeled diagram

a) b)

c) d)

15. Striated appearance of the myofibrils is due to

a) Actin proteins b) Myosin proteins c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these

16. Largest muscle in the human body is

a) Sartorius b) Gluteus c) Stapedius d) Masseter

17. Globular head with a short arm and a tail are the two imperfect part of
a) F-actin b) G-actin c) Tropomyosin d) Meromyosin

18. Head of myosin monomer consists of

I. actin binding sites
II. ATP binding sites
III. ADP binding sites
IV. AMP binding sites
Select the correct options
a) I and II b) III and IV c) I and IV d) II and IV

19. Aerobic muscles called …A… and anaerobic muscles are called …B… . Here A and B refers to
a) A-red fibres; B-white fibres b) A-white fibres; B-red fibres
c) A-white fibres; B-black fibres d) A-red fibres; B-black fibres

20. Muscle pump is

a) Beating of heart
b) Squeezing effect of muscles upon veins running through them
c) Peristaltic wave that travel along the alimentary canal
d) None of the above

21. The set of ions necessary for muscle contraction is

a) Ca2+ and Mg 2+ b) Na+ and Mg 2+ c) Na+ and K + d) Na+ and Ca2+
22. Muscle is attached to bone by
a) Tendon b) Ligament c) Insertion d) Cartilage

23. Mechanism of muscle contraction is best explained by

a) Physical filament theory b) Chemical filament theory
c) Sliding filament theory d) Jumping filament theory

24. Latissimus dorsi muscles are

a) Muscles of fore arm b) Muscles of lower jaw
c) Muscles of chest d) Muscles of shoulder

25. I-bands of myofibrils are bisected by

a) A-bands b) H-zone c) Z-lines d) M-lines

26. Both proteins, actin and myosin are arranged in a rod-like structure in the muscles
a) Radially b) Parallely c) Horizontally d) Obliquely

27. Action potential in sarcolemma of muscles causes the release of

a) Na+ b) Cl− c) Ca2+ d) HCO−
3

28. During muscles contraction

a) Thick filaments slide over thin filaments b) I-band gets reduced
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above

29. Which of the following statements are false regarding the muscle structure?
I. In the centre of each I-band is an elastic fibre (Z-line) which bisects it
II. Thin filament are firmly attached to the Z-line
III. M-line is a fibrous membrane in the middle of A-band
IV. A sarcomere comprises one full-A band and two half I-bands
a) I and II
b) III and IV
c) II and III
d) None of these

30. Actin binding sites are located on

a) Troponin b) Tropomyosin c) Meromyosin d) Both (b) and (c)

31. Select the correct statement with reference to muscle structure

I. Each myosin is a polymerized protein
II. Many meromyosin constitutes one thick filament (myosin)
III. Each meromyosin’s tail is called heavy meromyosin (HMM) and head is called light
meromyosin (LMM)
IV. The globular head is an active ATPase enzyme and has binding sites for ATP and active
sites for actin
 Choose the option with correct statements
a) All except I and II b) All except III and IV c) All except III d) All except I and IV

32. Which ion binds with troponin during muscle contraction?

a) HCO−
3 b) Ca2+ c) Cl− d) Na+

33. Fascicles in human/animal are the

a) Blood capillaries b) Muscle bundles c) Intercalated discs d) Muscle cytoplasm

34. The region at the ends of the A-band of two adjoining sarcomeres is called
a) H-zone b) Z-band c) I-band d) M-zone

35. The membrane sarcolemma is found over

a) Heart b) Muscle fiber c) Both (a) and (b) d) Nerve fiber

36. Each myofibrils of muscles contains

a) Regular dark bands b) Regular light bands
c) Both (a) and (b) d) Alternate dark and light bands

37. Identify the muscle which represents the following characteristics and choose the correct
option accordingly
I. Transportation of food through the digestive tract
II. Transportation of gametes through the genital tract
a) Skeletal muscles b) Visceral muscles c) Cardiac muscles d) Striated muscles

38. The sensation of fatigue in the muscles after prolonged strenuous physical work, is caused
by
a) a decrease in the supply of oxygen b) minor were and tear of muscle fibers

39. Lactic acid in muscles is formed due to

a) Aerobic breakdown of sucrose b) Anaerobic breakdown of glycogen
c) Anaerobic breakdown of galactose d) Anaerobic breakdown of fructose

40. Which of the following statements is true with reference to the structure of a muscle fibre?
a) H-zone is present in the middle of A-band
b) A-band is present in the middle of sarcomere
c) M-line is present in the middle of H-zone
d) All of the above

41. Muscle contains a red coloured oxygen containing pigment called

a) Haemoglobin b) Myoglobin c) Haemocyanin d) Both (a) and (b)

42. Muscular dystrophy in humans is a

a) Viral disease b) Bacterial disease c) Genetic disease d) Fungal disease
43. The region between two successive Z-lines in a myofibril is
a) Sarcomere b) Sarcosome c) Fascia d) Anisotropic band

44. Contraction of the muscles takes place by the sliding of

a) Thick filament over thin filament
b) Thin filament over thick filament
c) Thin filament over thin filament
d) Thick filament over thick filament

45. Cross arms of the myosin monomer consists of

a) Outward projection of G-actin filament
b) Outward projection of the head region of meromyosin
c) Outward projection of the tail region of meromyosin
d) Both (b) and (c)

46. Choose the correct statements regarding muscle proteins

I. Actin is a thin filament and made up of two F-actins
II. The complex protein, tropomyosin is distributed at regular intervals of troponin
III. Myosin is a thick filament which is not a polymerized protein
IV. The globular head of meromyosin consists of Light Meromyosin (LMM)
Option containing correct statement is
a) I, II and III b) I, II and IV c) Only I d) II and IV

47. During skeletal muscle contraction following events occur-

I. I-band shortens II. A-band shortens
III. H-zone shortens IV. Sarcomere contract
V. ATP changes to ADP and Pi
Choose the option with incorrect events
a) Only I b) Only III c) IV and V d) Only II

48. Match the following columns and select the correct option from the codes given below-

Column-I Column- II

(A) Pair of muscles act in opposition to (1) Synergist

each other
(B) Pair of muscles act together (2) Antagonist

(C) Muscles that act more powerfully (3) Prime movers

during any given movement
 CODES :

A B C D

a) 1 2 3

b) 3 1 2

c) 2 1 3

d) 2 3 1

20.3 SKELETAL SYSTEM

49. Intervertebral disc consists of a shock absorber connective tissue known as
a) Hyaline cartilage b) Elastic cartilage c) Fibro cartilage d) Reticulo cartilage

50. Find out the correct order of number of bones in the parts of skull such as cranial bone,
facial bone, hyoid bone and middle ear bone and middle ear bone respectively.
a) 14, 8, 1 and 3 b) 3, 8, 14 and 1 c) 14, 8, 3 and 1 d) 8, 14, 1 and 3

51. Haversian canal is found in the bone of

a) Mammals b) Reptiles c) Aves d) Pisces

52. Ribs that are attached to the thoracic vertebrate and ventrally connected to the sternum
with the help of hyaline cartilage are called
a) True ribs b) False rib c) Floating ribs d) Rib cage

53. Common among all mammals is

a) Ventral nerve cord b) Seven cervical vertebrae
c) All are carnivores d) All are producers

54. In which of the following, growth is possible through increase in volume?

a) Cartilage b) Striated muscle c) Never fiber d) Lens of eye

55. Breast bone is also called

a) Sternum b) True rib c) False rib d) Axis vertebrae

56. Which is not the function of endoskeleton?

a) Sight b) Hearing c) Locomotion d) Production of RBCs

57. Neural canal is present in

a) Humerus b) Tibio-fibula c) Vertebral column d) Cranial bones
58. Skeletal muscles are closely associated with the …A… components of the body. They have
…B… appearance under the microscope and hence are called …C… muscles
Choose the correct options to fill A, B and C, so as to complete the given NCERT statement
a) A-muscular, B-stripped, C-striated b) A-visceral, B-stripped, C-striated
c) A-skeletal, B-stripped, C-striated d) A-microfibrillar, B-stripped, C-striated

59. Select the correct function of vertebral column in humans

a) Protects the spinal cord b) Supports the head
c) Surface as an attachment for ribs and d) All of the above
musculature of back

60. Acetabulum is
a) Ilium and incus b) Ilium and ischium
c) Incus and ischium d) Incus, ischium and llium

61. First vertebrae in human is called

a) Axis b) Atlas c) Lumber d) Cervical

62. Pick out the correct match.

a) Sternum-14 b) Pelvis-3 c) Ribs-20 d) Face-5

63. Pelvic girdle of rabbit consists of

a) Ilium, ischium and pubis b) Ilium, ischium and coracoids
c) Coracoid, scapula and clavicle d) Ilium, coracoid and scapula

64. Choose the wrongly matched option

a) Frontal bone-1 b) Parietal bones-2 c) Temporal bone-1 d) Sphenoid bone-1

65. Our vertebral column is formed by the

a) 26 serially arranged units called b) 27 serially arranged units called vertebrae
vertebrae
c) 33 serially arranged units called d) 35 serially arranged units called vertebrae
vertebrae

66. In a vertebrate, which germ layer forms the skeleton muscles?

a) Ectoderm b) Endoderm c) Mesoderm d) Both (a) and (c)

67. End of long bones are covered with

a) Muscle b) Cartilage c) Adipose tissue d) Bone marrow
68. Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones and each coxal bone consists
I. ilium II. Incus
III. ischium IV. pubis
Choose the correct option containing all correct bones
a) I, II and III b) II, III, and IV c) I, III and IV d) I, II and IV

69. Tick the wrong option regarding human beings

a) Cranial bones-12 b) Facial bones-14 c) Mendible bones-1 d) Zygomatic bones-2

70. According to the functions the skeletal muscles is/are

a) Antagonists
b) Synergists
c) Prime movers
d) All of these

71. In which of the following condition, progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles happens?
a) Myasthenia gravis b) Muscular dystrophy c) Tetany d) Arthritis

72. Volkmann’s canals occur in

a) Internal ear b) liver c) Cartilage d) Bone

73. The longest bone of the human body is

a) Humerus b) Tibia c) Vertebra d) Femur

74. Nucleus pulposes is found in

a) Brain b) Nucleus c) Intervertebral disc d) Liver

75. Functional unit of skeletal muscle is called

a) Sarcomere b) Twitch c) Z-band d) None of these

76. Human skeletal system consists of

a) 200 bones b) 300 bones c) 206 bones d) 250 bones

77. Which of the following features differentiate bone from cartilage?

a) Haversian canal b) Blood vessel c) Lymph vessel d) All of these

78. Which one of the following is a sesamoid bone?

a) Pelvis b) Patella c) Pterygoid d) Pectoral girdle

79. Ribs attached to sternum are

a) First seven pairs b) All ten ribs c) First ten rib pairs d) First five rib pairs
80. The ‘wish bone’ or ‘merry throught bone’ of bird is
a) Sternum b) Scapula c) Coracoid d) Clavicle

81. Each human limb is made of

a) 60 bones b) 50 bones c) 40 bones d) 30 bones

82. There are seven cervical vertebrae in almost

a) All vertebrate b) All amphibian c) All reptile d) All mammals

83. Bones of pectoral and pelvic girdle helps in the articulation of

a) Upper limbs b) Lower limbs c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these

84. Match the following columns

Column-I Column- II

(A) True ribs (1) 14, 12 pairs

(B) False ribs (2) 8, 9, 10 pairs

(C) Floating ribs (3) First 7 pairs

CODES :

A B C D

a) 1 2 3

b) 1 3 2

c) 3 2 1

d) 3 1 2

85. Match the following columns

Column-I Column- II

(A) Cranium (1) 22

(B) Skull (facial and cranial) (2) 8

(C) Face (3) 14

(D) Hindlimb (4) 12 pairs

(E) Ribs (5) 30

 CODES :

A B C D E

a) 2 1 3 5 4

b) 1 2 3 4 4

c) 5 4 3 2 4

d) 5 3 4 1 4

86. Match the following columns

Column-I Column- II

(A) Cervical (1) 1

(B) Thoracic (2) 1

(C) Lumber (3) 5

(D) Sacral (4) 12

(E) Coccygeal (5) 7

CODES :

A B C D E

a) 1 2 3 4 5

b) 5 4 3 2 5

c) 5 3 4 2 5

d) 1 3 2 5 5

20.4 JOINTS

87. The joint of radio-ulna with the upper arm is

a) hinge joint b) pivot joint c) socket joint d) None of these

88. Which of the following statements about the joints of humans is false?
a) Joints are essential for all types of movements involving bony parts
b) Joints are the contact between bones or between bones and cartilages
c) Fibrous joints are immovable
d) Cartilaginous joints permits great movement
89. Cartilaginous joints in humans
a) Permit any movement b) Permit little movement
c) Permit no movement d) All of these

90. This joint is made for power

a) Joint between vertebrae b) Mandibular joint
c) Knee joint d) Suture in cranium

91. Which of the following pairs is correcrly matched?

a) Cartilaginous joint- skull bones
b) Hinge joint- Between vertebrae
c) Fibrous joint- Between phalanges
d) Gliding joint- Between zygapophyses of the successive vertebrae

92. Suturus of human skull is

a) Fibrous joint b) Hinge joint c) Synovial joint d) Pivots joint

93. Fibrous joints in humans

a) Allows any movement b) Allows little movement
c) Don’t allow any movement d) None of the above

94. Synovial fluid is present in

a) Fibrous joints b) Cartilaginous joints c) Freely movable d) Intervertebral joints
joints

95. Elbow joint is an example of

a) Pivot joint b) Hinge joint c) Gliding joint d) Ball and socket joint

96. Joints are classified into three major types. They are
I. Fibrous joint II. Hinge joint
III. Cartilaginous joint IV. Pivot joint
V. Synovial joint
Select the option containing correct articles
a) I, III and V b) II, III and IV c) I, II and III d) III, IV and V

97. Choose the correct statements

a) Synovial joints are freely movable
b) Ball and socket, and hinge joints are the synovial joints
c) Synovial joints are characterized by synovial cavity with fluid between the articulating
surface of the two bones
d) All of the above
98. Where the saddle joints are presents in humans?
a) Between carpals and matacarpals b) Atlas and axis
c) Radius and ulna d) Carpals and phallanges

99. Match the following and choose the correct option.

Column-I Column- II

(A) Ball and socker (1) Carpal and metacarpal of thumb

(B) Hinge (2) Atlas and axis

(C) Pivot (3) Frontal and parietal

(D) Saddle (4) Knee

(5) Humerus and pectoral girdle

CODES :

A B C D

a) 5 4 2 1

b) 1 3 4 5

c) 5 4 3 1

d) 1 2 5 4

20.5 DISORDERS OF MASCULAR AND SKELETAL SYSTEM

100.Gout is a disease that affects the joints and leads to arthritis. It is associated with an
abnormality of
a) Pyrimidine metabolism b) Purine metabolism
c) Fat metabolism d) Protein metabolism