CHAPTER 4: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

PART A

1. The __________ is the functional unit of the skeletal muscle.

A. actin
B. sarcomere
C. sarcolemma
D. sarcoplasmic reticulum

2. Smooth muscles can be found in the

A. heart.
B. blood vessels.
C. thoracic cage.
D. upper and lower limbs.

3. Identify the correct order of muscle components arranged from the largest to the smallest

A. Fascicle, myofibril, muscle fibre.

B. Muscle fibre, myofibril, fascicle.
C. Fascicle, muscle fibre, myofibril.
D. Muscle fibre, fascicle, myofibril.

4. “This where the axonal endings of a motor neuron join with a muscle fibre.” This statement
is referring to the

A. action potential.
B. neuromuscular junction.
C. actin-myosin cross bridge.
D. excitation-contraction coupling.

5. During the bicep curl, the biceps are considered as the _________, while the triceps are
the ________ muscles.

A. agonist; synergist
B. fixator; antagonist
C. fixator; synergist
D. agonist; antagonist
6. During the contraction of muscle fibers, calcium is released from the _________ which
binds with the protein troponin on the actin filament.

A. actin filament
B. myosin filament
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. actin-myosin cross bridge

7. When you are curling your arm while doing the bicep curl, the point where the biceps join
to the scapula is known as the __________, while the point where the biceps join the
radius is called the ___________.

A. location; origins
B. origins; insertion
C. attachment sites, location
D. insertion; attachment sites

8. The pectoralis major is an example of a __________ fascicle pattern.

A. circular
B. convergent
C. unipennate
D. multipennate

9. The ability of a muscle to stretch is

A. excitability.
B. contractility.
C. extensibility.
D. elasticity.

10. Tennis players often complain about pain in the forearm that swings the racquet. What
muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

A. The triceps brachii

B. The anconeus
C. The brachioradialis
D. The flexor digitorum profundus
11. Muscles utilized for controlling the flow of all substances within the lumen of blood vessels
are the

A. hormonal system.
B. skeletal system.
C. cardiac muscles.
D. smooth muscles.

12. Which connective tissue coat surrounds groups of muscle fibers, separating them into
fascicles?

A. Perimysium
B. Epimysium
C. Muscle fibers
D. Endomysium

13. The functional unit of contractile system in the striated muscles is the

A. Z lines.
B. cross bridges.
C. sarcomere.
D. myofibril.

14. The __________ releases calcium ions to trigger muscle contraction.

A. sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. sarcolemma
C. myofibril
D. transverse tubule

15. The role of acetylcholine in calcium release is to

A. stimulate cellular contraction by opening voltage-gated ion channels.

B. stimulate postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors to release intracellular calcium.
C. bind to sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing calcium release.
D. bind to the T-tubules, causing calcium release.

16. The role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction is to

A. release calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

B. release troponin from tropomyosin, allowing myosin to bind to the actin filament.
C. aid in myosin ‘cocking’ on the actin filament.
D. prevent myosin from continuing to slide up the actin filament.
17. The __________ is the muscle in the quadriceps region.

A. semitendinosus
B. semimembranosus
C. biceps femoris
D. rectus femoris

18. The muscles in the posterior region includes the

A. latissimus dorsi.
B. pectoralis major.
C. rectus femoris.
D. rectus abdominis.

19. The __________ muscle goes from the spine, around the bottom of the rib cage and runs
down to the thigh bone.

A. transversus abdominis
B. erector spinae
C. latissimus dorsi
D. psoas

20. The origin for muscle attachment is the

A. point of attachment of the muscle on the bone that moves.

B. point which is the muscle attached with one tendon.
C. end of a muscle attached to the bone the does not move.
D. point which is muscle nearest with the joint.

21. The type of muscle found in the stomach is the

A. smooth muscle.
B. skeletal muscle.
C. cardiac muscle.
D. epithelium.

22. The characteristics of a muscle tissue that allows it to return to its original shape after
contraction is

A. excitability.
B. contractility.
C. extensibility.
D. elasticity.
23. The smallest subdivision in this group is the

A. fiber.
B. fibril.
C. filament.
D. actin.

24. The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from

A. one Z line to the next Z line.

B. one H zone to the next H zone.
C. one A band to the next A band.
D. one end of a skeletal muscle to the opposite end.

25. During the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction, ATP attaches to

A. actin.
B. troponin.
C. myosin.
D. tropomyosin.

26. The contraction of a muscle exerts a pull on a bone because

A. muscles are attached to bones by ligaments.

B. muscles are directly to bones.
C. muscles are attached to the bones by tendons.
D. muscles are attached to bones by cartilages.

27. The ____________ does not have an attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

A. sternum.
B. clavicle.
C. mastoid.
D. humerus.

28. The ____________ muscles is found beneath the rectus femoris muscle.

A. vastus lateralis
B. vastus intermedius
C. vastus medialis.
D. vastus femoris
29. Paralysis of the __________ muscles would make a person not able to flex the knee.

A. hamstring muscles
B. gluteal muscles
C. brachioradialis
D. soleus

30. The prime mover of back extension is the

A. erector spinae.
B. rhomboid major.
C. rhomboid minor.
D. teres major.

31. The functional structure of skeletal muscle is known as

A. troponin.
B. sarcomere.
C. sarcolemma.
D. sarcoplasmic reticulum.

32. What is sarcomere?

A. Area between two M lines.

B. Area between two Z lines.
C. Area between two H lines.
D. Area between two A lines.

33. A structure in skeletal muscle that functions in calcium storage is the

A. sarcomere.
B. sarcolemma.
C. sarcoplasm.
D. sarcoplasmic reticulum.

34. During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridge attached to which active sites?

A. M line
B. Z disc
C. Thin filament
D. Thick filament
35. The muscle that oppose a particular muscle action consider as

A. fixator.
B. agonist.
C. synergist.
D. antagonist.

36. We would expect to find smooth muscle in all of the following EXCEPT

A. heart.
B. esophagus.
C. respiratory tract.
D. small intestine.

37. Which of the following muscle is nonstriated?

A. Myofibril
B. Skeletal muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Smooth muscle

38. Which of the following correctly identifies muscle components in order from largest to
smallest?

A. Muscle fiber, fascicle, myofibril

B. Muscle fiber, myofibril, fascicle
C. Fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril
D. Fascicle, myofibril, muscle fiber

39. Which of the following is NOT a part of actin?

A. Actin
B. Myosin
C. Troponin
D. Tropomyosin

40. All the following muscles move the arm EXCEPT the

A. biceps femoris.
B. biceps brachii.
C. triceps brachii.
D. brachioradialis.
41. Striated and voluntary are terms used to describe

A. smooth muscle tissue.

B. cardiac muscle tissue.
C. skeletal muscle tissue.
D. hyaline cartilage.

42. Each muscle fiber has a connective tissue around it called

A. fascia.
B. epimysium.
C. perimysium.
D. endomysium.

43. The thicker filaments are the ________ filaments.

A. actin
B. myosin
C. Z discs
D. A band

44. The sites where the motor nerve impulse is transmitted from the nerve endings to the
skeletal muscle cell membranes are the

A. sarcomeres.
B. neuromuscular junctions.
C. myofilaments.
D. Z discs.

45. The cross-bridge phase during muscular contraction happens between the __________
and __________ filaments.

A. actin, troponin
B. actin, myosin
C. myofibril, myosin
D. troponin, myofibril

46. In an isotonic muscle contraction,

A. both muscle length and tension are change.

B. movement of bones does not occur.
C. the length of muscle remains constant.
D. the muscle tension remains constant.
47. Muscles that straighten a joint are called

A. agonists.
B. antagonists.
C. synergists.
D. insertions.

48. The group of muscles known as the hamstrings includes the

A. rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

B. gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus.
C. external oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominis.
D. biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.

49. The ____________ muscles are found beneath the gastrocnemius muscle.

A. soleus
B. quadricep
C. hamstring
D. tibialis anterior

50. In order to have a firm grip on a badminton racquet, you have to contract the ________
muscles in your forearm.

A. soleus
B. gluteal
C. hamstring
D. brachioradialis
PART B
QUESTION 1
a) Names four (4) abdominal muscles.
(4 marks)
b) Describe the isotonic contraction.
(2 marks)
c) Identify the shoulder and arm muscles used to throw a bowling ball?
(10 marks)
QUESTION 2
a) Label the muscles in the figure below.
(5 marks)

b) Briefly explain the excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle.

(5 marks)

c) Matt is a sprinter. He has pulled muscle at the back of his thigh right after he finished
100-meter sprint. Predict which muscles are involved.
(6 marks)
QUESTION 3
a) Label the structures of a myofibril in the figure below.
(6 marks)

b) During free time, Ahmad will go to fitness club to practice kick boxing. Determine the
muscles used to punch the punching bag.
(10 marks)
QUESTION 4
a) Name six (6) muscles located on the dorsal side of the body.
(6 marks)

b) Differentiate between prime mover and antagonist.

(2 marks)

c) The diagram below shows leg press exercise. Determine muscles involved in this
exercise.
(8 marks)
QUESTION 5
a) Label the muscles in the following figure.
(5 marks)

b) Describe the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue.

(3 marks)

c) Determine the prime mover, antagonist and synergist muscles during biceps curl.
(10 marks)
QUESTION 6
a) Label the structures of skeletal muscle in the figure below.
(5 marks)

b) Explain how motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fiber to contract.

(5 marks)

c) Sit up is an exercise commonly performed to strengthen and tone the abdominal

muscles. Identify three (3) muscles involved in this exercise.
(6 marks)

d) Push up is a simple exercise to strengthen the upper body muscles. Identify five (5)
major muscles involved in this exercise.
(10 marks)
QUESTION 7
a) Label the muscles shown in the figure below.
(6 marks)

b) Predict the type of contraction and the muscles involved during the bench press
exercise.
(10 marks)
QUESTION 8
a) Label the structures of a muscle fiber in the figure below.
(5 marks)

b) Determine five (5) muscles involved when you are doing the half squat.

(10 marks)

END OF QUESTION