LAWS OF MOTION fovee Fovee is the external form of push ot pull hich produces oH tries pe duce motion in w body a ests stops a3 ties to Stop @ movin body » changes ovt tries tochanges the dinechoft ahody ot parduus a change in shape the body Based on the nature of interaction hetareen bodies , frees may “be classified into (i) Contact forces (ii) None ontact foaces - Contact forces act between bedies in Contact. eq3- Tension, Neamel action Tt sietion etc - Field fexcos act “between twobodies Sepeaated by a ° distance without any actual contact « Newton's Fivatlaw of motto According tothis Law, & hody antinues to be in 1t3 9 state of vest or uniform motion along a straight line unless” itis acted upon by dence exteanal anbalanced foaceA body on its ewn cannot change its state of seat oq State of unifoam motion along a Straight line » This inability of a body Ig kenouin as the inertia of Hie ~ body: uouasadauses I+ i9 the ability of a body tochanga b itself its atte df rest | eit &q:- 4 person standing in a bug is +h¥own backward when “the bus stast auddenty « Eis the inability of @ body to change itself {£9 state f uniform motion f &q:- Aperson pumping out oF o& movin tadin may tail frrderd f d- Ikig the abilit a body +0 change /tself- the direction SP netion ug lalhen a bay gocs round a wave suddnl tie pexson sitting insideia thréwn outwards:Lineay momentum SRN Lineas momehtum ia avectot quantity. \t is the quan tity of motion in the body. Ibis given by rroduict af mass and velocity - Ging} of Pen Newtons second lowo af motion According to this Law, the fateof change af linea x morentutn of @ body is divecHy propotional to the external force applied or) the body and this change Fakes place always in thedirec tion of force applied - llhen an unbalanced foxee is a plicd on a body, the momentum o body changes : ty Fixp= db Peter De day V+ md? txE = V4 {nv 7 ny Vt May { dm, =0 fexe=mdy? Ca)Note wns ZFesmax ZFy= May 2Fe=maz, Newtons third lawof motion According +s this Low, toeveay action there 's Always equal and opposite seact ion, ‘Impulse From Newtons setond loud, we can waite Pie dP=Pdt dt Pa. 1 fae= JPae °; Right Side term is Aectox quan tity and and knevin as impulse of force in the infeaval £, to ba . iP F is constant thenA fooce of 5N gives a Mass M, an accelevation equalte 8mls* and My an acceleration 13 equal to aemls®. kihat is the acceleration if both the masses ave tied togthe 4 2 F=Mo 5= Mx —O 5=M)x24—(2) 5=(M,+M,) @ oF (%*%,) 4 Re (44%) B= 20g, *F @= emls7/pepe 4 Saleq masgis sitting on a frictionless suxface - An unknown vonstent “force pushes the mass fox see until the mass Teaches a ‘Velocr of 3mls- then the Impulse acting on the batt is m= Bok uzomle v= 3mls T= mV-mMU =m(v-u) = 50( 3-0) = 60x3 = 150 kgmls keample 3 mM ov ta Inthe above figure batt is o¢flected back wrthout any loss INSped: find the magnitude and dixection of In pulse { Solution mnnrwwdFree Bedy Diagram It is the diagram of a body, it Hepaesents all the foras acting on that body m Free body diags am of- m tree body diag'sam of _#N nar Suafate body is at weat Nemg.example (i) accelevation of body AO (i) Noomal xeac tion 5N 5kg | 4mo0th Solution — ary t BN NetF= magsxace Ska 5=5x@ 50 a=! wight N=560 example 7 'oN 5N find —9} 5kg fe— (i) aecelegation of body Smooth (ii) Nowmal veac tion Solution Peres N Net F= massxace 5 t lo o-h= 5xa 47 5kgi7-> = Im Igt aight Mise Ne 5oNewton30N find __ Ase (i) acceleeation of body 5kg (ii) Nogmal geac tion TTTTITT Smooth Re Eon 4 5035iN3F T 5kq7—> 3aCos3+ wag Net F = massxace N+ 308in3} = 50 S0Cos3$ =5x@ N+30x x, = 50 Box 4/5 =5@ N+1¢ = 50 do = So N=3 Neadton// a=24-mbk> eight PNewdrony = inis ig > seen find FEE (i) accelexation of body (ii) Noemal geac tion Smooth 30los3t Besinaady 50N= 50 +303in3} Net f= njassx acc N= 50 +30x3/ 3atos3} = 5x & N= 50 +1 Sox 4; = 5@ 1425 Genial ray find (i) accelexation of body (i) Noemal aeac tion Home woetk Orrrmrrry find noomal veaction Net F= massxace m] tea N-mq=me- rng N= mg+ma,Example - male $ acc-a Solution SISA find nowmal weaction @ Netf= massxacc i bace-a ™-N=ma mq “Caen. ASTAP find (i) accelevation of body Ae (il) Nowmal veac tion fixed:Solution Net F= massxacc mq Sin ® = ma @= 95ine _ mgcase. Ne mg Coss &xample a If the block is eleased Foon the +op of +he inclined a3 shown, {Smooth hthan time taken by block +o reach bottom the inclined Plane - fixed Solution, — dis} toav by block =S S= ut that al bo oxt + z g8ine t 2h. 4? 95in9 = {2h ¢ anolCe xample F ind Amy fm] fis seaction between blocks Smooth a accelevaton of bloc ke Sebutign, f.a0-Total System wees Ni NetfFe massx@ (M+m2)9 a= Farm)? 9 hy1800s N NefF= massxace me R= Mox@ R= Mm, Fe oq M*M2) amp tea + (i) accof- blocks —l m (ii) Seaction befween Mand m,_ cet ae [m3 All) dH eac ton betwen Mand M,.- 3mooth Selution, Tap-Total System 4N F Net f= massxare MM Ms i Mt Ma-+M, ) miaeny (Ora Fep-—m3 , N'g Net F=massxace m: a - 3 R= m, mag MtmstMs=m #@0-m) Net F= massxac c Ry pan f F-R =m) au aymiye FAR =m | $ MrMatMs mg fom, F L mM, R, =Motm, )F m, +m, + Ms Ree, Ion aon — find acc of System [5k 2g ¢— alsofind Geaction between blocks: Smoot Fa0- Total System Net f= massxac c to ots ge qo-l0= Fm lo=4F@ ee a= to,mis lef +a aN VY 50 Tension (7) OD + T _[mb>—e-fm} > Net f= mags xacc a{5iq toto R-10= 5x In, R=5o, +10 = 1294 Newton el Note (i) fF steing is masses, ‘ene ion at ever point on the 9toing will be the Same - (ii) If Sting has “mass, then tension will be diffeoent at ~ dif feoent points - ‘eagle {nd £ find > (i) dee of the System Smooth Cit) Tension in the ateing Fa0 Teal systery #N 5 Net Fe massxace MH, FH My+M2)o (rir meg Eight a= VY fateFBD-Mp mmm 4n! Net f= massxacc [imo T= Mo + T=; + meg MtMe. Gxampk Cran pe So meh. F (acca System Mmleafmgprelmte cet de" Tr77r7tTTrriy Cit) Tension in the Smooth Sting f= (Mam AM, )a T=(M tM, ) wAMM ey if mms Find ci) ace of System (ii) Tension inthe sting. Soleti Aplutiey au Nef F= mass x ace mJfe Mg-T=me —O ny Net f= magsxacc 140 TM q= Mo —Q tng 0:0, mga-T+ T= Mg =Me+me& (M-Ma)g= (Mj +M, Je0:@ T™m M@ m)Mm4 —MT= MT—m Mag Am mMog =MT+M_F example ie iF (m+) >m, Find acc of System: Huan mi 140 TM =) 0 —@ oe Te Mg N= ma—Q Bea he M9- Tema 8) M39 0+@ +@) Fang tM +mg- T= Tere (M+™M.-m,) q =(M,+m,+m)) wvfin ace of System Smooth 4 (ii) tengion inthe string ira] Nn mee Te ma —Q) $m, _@ v4 Maq-t=m a (malta oT rim 0+@ THmg -T=emat Maou Mag = (Mrmr) Tem, Tam) ™, 4 MytMa.Gxample Al find ace of the system - fb A m. Sa x T- m,gSine = ma —O ee img Feo Mae| 0 oe o+@ Sat fel #0 m4 —Mq Sing =(m,c+™M) a m™§ ou= (M,-m)Sine) 4 MotM)Sting with mass IF sting is maasleas, tension will besame on evesy paint of the Stving - if Sting having mass then tension will be different = at —~ dif'featnt pointe - Exampls _WZTTTTTT AE Smooth kihat is the tension at the mid point of the Sting 2, Wea. x Dh Loe et mW Pe f=ma Te Mm, xo O53 Fe My % fy TFSearle, oe Thestial Fe0 Nonine sha) fap N N 44 ma (Pseudo?) ho west Nemo = mq, N= —Ma fe FA mg ng 9 Net f= massxacc CN inig-2)) mg-N=m amg-ma =N N= m(q-a) Note :- (IF Lif+ is freely falling then @=qy N=m (9-9) =0 (ii) IF the (P+ 8 moving with constant ‘veloc iy then aso N= m(g-9) N =tg Frictional force IE ig an opposing force which opposses the atlative motion ~ betwen two Suafaces in tontact- “Two ty pes (i) Stahe foietion (it) kinetic faietion If there isnonelative motion between vontact Surface, then faietion will be Static foiction - [Ftheoe iS any aclative motion between Contact Surface, then friction will be Kinetic . Maximum value of foic+ionis Enovin as limitingfoiction Cfmax Fina, = As kihere Mg iS the cot fficient of State faieton. kinetic foiction 15 given by (i) Cheek whethey body is moving a hot (ii) If net force grater than limiting faieHon then body will move, other wise body is at ast: (Wi) If the body is atest, then faiction is Static foie tion and tk is equal tonet force and direction opposite +o netforce - (iv). (f these is any eelative motion, then foietion will be kine tic feietion, andits ditection is opposite fo gelative motion: (i) ace of body Ma0-5 (ap) foie tional force - Solution fmax= Ag NI ae 4 =05x50 0 =265 Skgp 30> Sar body vetl| meve f= fe = Ale N=0-5x50=05Net f= mass xacc 90-95 = 5xa 5=5a find ti) ace of: bod (ti) fore ine forte - N4+(8=50 3000334-= 24 — fmay = Ag NI = 05x32 = ley 3000334 =Foxdye= 2g 14> rivals Bodina} = 30x53, IB So body will mave - then f= fy = 4 N = 0:5x 32 aNet f= mags xacc. 14-l6= 5x Saha a= mls * f= Fe= 6N// ‘xample_4 30N Jind Bkq mic Ni ace of body Wg=05 (ii) foie Fional ~ force - Ay = 0-4 Solution N| f max= Us N 1 30 =0-5x50 5kqg+— =2 a4 30525: ? 750 So body wi'll move - feietion will be kine He feiction =Sk fe dle N= 0:4x50=20- NetF=mas3xace om 30-90= 5xQlo=5@ a=amie> = &xample BP Aen find TF (i) ace of body __[ Kg (i) faietional fooce AE05 Solution N 4 + N=bo Hs 0Cos3 = kg F224 eee) = AN 5 303in3} Sirus . =1g fmax= 05x68 =3 1423 Y So body wi'llnot move: Sooh If black Sliding. dewn with an Zr | accelevation a! thevvalue of @ 4s » ig dD Fi txed > Solution sg 0S* Do NX’? oO \ se a are + e ~ ro® Net F= mags xacc mg Sine — Aum CBe={Ma Qa gsine- Ag C08@- (wy) f ind a eS ih t w 2. ai Slredo - m,q3ine— AL m,4Cos0=Ma—O Ss 7« hg- Tema —O O+© Se Me (m,-m/Sine—Aim, Cose ) g ca & & (m+M2) | T mal $a mg Angle of Repose It tg the angle of the ihe lined Plane at which block just” steats to slide — down- am Angle of pose =-tan (ur) Aoy Ae 7 if angk of inclined plane is grates than angle ae pose, then block will slide” doxin-if angle F inclined plane ts less +han_ the angle stepese, then the bleck will not move - f &xampk 4 Find ace of bloc kg Tough: angle of sepose = tari! fu) = tai! (4g) =3e- angle of incline d plane < angle of aepose - So block will not move - oP Cxample @ find accof block9 No és we Fixed: Soletion angle of pose = tan! (Ke) = 30°angle of-inclined plane = 60° an eee ted lane angle o+ 2c pose - 4 'o block bi viata 4 PP a= ging - MG CoSO- Q= (OxSinee— Y, xlOxCesco in Ms —— Angle of friction Angle made by. sesultaryt & nowmalteaction and Limiting “friction with noamal geac tion ig called atigle of friction. R LAN sae Vv mq Tang = Smax tand= AgPrinciple of consevv ation of lineay momentum It states that if no external force actson a system, then total linear momentum of the. System remains vonstant - Proo Alternative method U fa @* O20 © @-* Mand M, togthey tonsideved a3 a system - a &xteanal force =o Fo) =) force acting on 2" body due te tbodyFig =) fora acting on 15+ body cue fo" bay Acca ding +0 Newtons third larly p> > Fai= Fig MQ, = -™, a "./ Bk) =-M, ( W- a) & & Do» -» mV) -m, 0) =—m, VP +m iP _ » Dp —» MV +M,V, = mu) +My +») mi, +m Up =m,vP +mvp ie Total linear momentum Total linea ¥ hefove ~ Momentum aftes- Example flat caw of masaM at wat on a frictionless flooy with dehild of mags m, standing at itg edge. If the child jumps ff f om the cay towards Gight with an initial velocity U, find Velocity ef cax after it pumps -Get V=9 m to] Re OC Wst | before jump afte jump: Qxternal force = =0 linea mom bef = lineas mom after Mxo+Mxo = MU+M(-v) a= mu- My Mvy=mu Crample A flat ca’ of mage M atacston a foieti i Ff loos, with achild of mass m,Standin its edge. Ifthe child Lump. peat fa re Pehla sight withan tnital velocity LU wlative to cae, Sind velocity quar af tex it jumps 2“est Yj M ¥est ot M Be td TT 7 bof jump: Vm =) Actual ve locrty of child: ‘Velocity of. child wet (Care Ul —> —D A “Vehild ~Veay = Ui VR -vCt)= uP Vm =Ui-V I~ Vin = O-v) System =) Cart ohild Gxt F2o linea mom bef = linear mom aft mxo+Vixo = m Veet Myer o= m (U-V)P4aM VCP): O= mifi mVi—Mv1t O= MUP (o4M)VT(Mem v T= mut fxam ple A bomb of mass bm initially at vest explodes and breaks into trace piecosof maxes in the watio fp The two pieces eg ual 1109925 Fly o ee pendula ra othes ata Shdodl‘. aheh +he “velocity of the heavier plec@ iS —__ Sqlution b @) @ Best Gin) viz9 Gxt fz 0 linea momentum bef: a5 lineaamomentum af tea 5mx0 = nN Mz Vo+ Mg Vo, a om —> o=™m™ Vj+mMVvi+3m V3IN -3mV5 = mv) +mv 1 ” “™ 3 ~-y,F+ yy) —D we Nl (wayeavaste My Applications co Recoil ‘Velocity of gun =) befave fiving =r) Mo, Ma a we—\p WTA afice fiaing \p-b Velocity of bullet Mg-9 mags ofbulle E Mo mags ofgunSystem =) gun + bullet fxt Feo lines momentum bef = lineaemom aftee - MgkO +Mpx0 = Mp Vat Me,(-Yor) O= MpV,- Mex Vo Moi\G,= 3 Vp ve ‘Ve is. the atcoll ‘Velocity of gun ‘Variable mass System Rocket propulsion ‘elev Vel=v+dv at time=£ attime=tedbi mSystem —9 vocket +fue | - axt Fao Total lin mementurn bef=Total lin momentumafter mvj =(m-dm) (v+dvyf + dm VE Velocity of fuel w-a-t voc ke t= ve > > a Vk =\p Cp Ve= Ve (-j)+Ve Ve =\6 (J+ V4dv)) my} = (n-dm )(vedy' f+ d(Ve() + W+dv J} ) mvs mvpjtmdv) —dmvy— dmdvP , , Tang edmveh + dmdv 4 O= may} - dmv mdv = dm\e m dy = \e dy, Ee ma =\e dy, Lnetfonce acting onthe vockat in the Upriaed digection~ i$ given b Fa\p dm mg [ ip Qvavi “Velocity of rocket at any time ~ Pxeent fi \p diy, m el Ve diy mdv=—Vedm dv=— Ve bY d= “Ve fd Mn Vo Mo m V-\p= —Ve Log, (|) no V-\y= Ve log Men Vay t\e log (2)sample A B000kg vocke+ is set foo veatical Frain The @xhatist Speed is Sodm|s: To give’ an initial Upaioed accelesation of ~aomis?, the amount of qos ejectecl pea second to supply the ~ “neéded thaust will be — ¢q= om|s*) Solution Anew) m=5o0okg = Fy dy -mg- Vez Foom|s © MIN a= Aomie2 MAE Va dm mg dm, =4) m(9+0)=Ve dmg. 5000( lot 20)=%00 dm, d = 5066x30 Vat toe dm 1094, Kg IsMotion in a vertical civek Example fixed f Find ‘ve berty of pendulum hen t ik Makes “an angle 60° with vertica!? Ve |-(592- Solution oN 60 re WeeV Vel=({5qp KE, + PE, =kKEy+PEo $n (692)+ 0= mv mg (4- Acoséo ) Saving v= gh)Sxample Gas aeleased TxQ, Find Velocity Ff bob when stating be comes Nestical: kE,+ PE;= ke, + PE o+Mgh=mv>+d amgk =mv> V= ag h:Assos Sind tension in the sting when tF i makes an angle Go" With Veg teal - Ne ke [5ga. Solution then it aeaches 9% point, then RA it velocity 1s. {4gf. oO ES. Mg fa tg Coséo Vei=(5a0 . Net force = Contoripetal fora J towiards @ntx T-mgleséo = my T-mgy = my (492) T-mg n= 4 m sal = 2Sxample fixed Beleased Find fension insteing When tt be tomes ‘Veatica |- Solution aeleased ‘ t ' 1 \ 1 when ft caches 24 point its wth T Velocity Is (agl- Net fore PRE ds_ Gnteripetal Contac fo80 - "3 T-mg = mv" T-mq = yp x2gh Tm =arngNetfoace towiards untae = Gntvipetal foace - “T-mqg C030. = my> Te mye +mgCos@- T+ max Cosg > max g=0° ie Point at bottom most point -Te min (039 —& min Cos =-| 8 =190° int is the topmost poi Tacomplete the loop T#o Tin #9 Tin 2 0 ep A 20 cs MVtqn™ IV a Viep 298 VYop 2 (92, Soom nergy Conservation nm {592 < a s stSpring force Gxtension in the speing =% Soa restexing fore will develop in thes paring . direction of ‘etoving forte 13 opposite to a * K is Known a3 sping constant - Ssomple 12 If block is in equilibaium , find the extengionof the sping - mSolution QoNnN gr Smooth Faccelevation of akg block {8 aem|s*, the h acceleration of 5g block {¢ ___ —sace=4 4kq 20 Koc Qo-kx = 4x4 Qo-I6 =ka o kor =4 — (igh ~ Kos 5xa- 4280. azo-gm|s?/Maximum 9 peed fav safe turning on civulay level yoo f #) faiction te Heel erry centoipetal foace . TT Re ‘vadiusef-cirwih>path-! e tax int £AgN mve “emg VE ARg Ve EBanked voad (with friction) Re Ncae9- i si L Nine. UNC0S0 mq mg ANSihe Nett tontard (entae = Gntaipetal frace - NSind + UN Cos 6 = my" _@ mq+ ALNSINO =Nco30 - NCose — UN Sing = mq =) Nsine + uNcose _ my* Nco39- Nine —R_— m NSine _. ANICos@ Z NCo39 Ncose- = VO Ncose AINSiNG. Rg Nco396 NC036 we fane+ Me Maximurn Speed Rq \- wtane ? for safe tuaning. ve | Rg(tane+u) Ci-ataneBankedvoad (without fric tion) If thee is no faiction, then 44-0 =| Rq (tane+0) eee (-oxtano Clee =| Ratane Jy [FSFE I eet Safe uening: Bending of Cyclist on civwlay level vead Angle made by cyclist with vertical = @ f Sill provide (ontripetal farce - Fimax = DY" R Us N= mvpBending of wyc list with vertica! tane= UN N dane = Ve Rg a= tap (LY Ge) Note eo x etal When the table Zotates, block is algo ‘rata ting witb it if that Susfaceis ough and hecessasy unteipe tal fovee “is provided by frictional force -