Sign Scribe: GPS Wearable

Project submitted by
Tirthendu Sekhar Sarma
Sayan Bhaumik
Anish Das
Md. Mustaque Khan
Abhrajyoti Das

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY(CSE)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Sister Nivedita University, Newtown
Kolkata, West Bengal

2025
 GPS Wearable

Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Award of

the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology (CSE)

by

Tirthendu Sekhar Sarma:2111200001088

Sayan Bhaumik:2111200001179
Md.Mustaque Khan:2111200001188
Anish Das:2111200001198
Abhrajyoti Das:2111200001197
Submission Date: April 29, 2025
Email: tirthendusekhar@gmail.com
Email: sayanbhaumik65@gmail.com
Email: khanmustaque2000@gmail.com
Email: anishdas012002@gmail.com
Email: abhradasjyoti@gmail.com

Under the supervision of

Prof. Saikat Maity
Department of Computer Science,
Sister Nivedita University, Newtown
Kolkata, West Bengal

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Sister Nivedita University, Newtown
Kolkata, West Bengal

April, 2025
 Declaration
We hereby declare that this dissertation is the product of our own work,
and we attest that it contains no material that resulted from collaboration,
except where explicitly acknowledged in the text. Furthermore, we confirm
that this project has not been previously submitted, either in part or in its
entirety, to any other University or Institution for the purpose of obtaining
any degree, diploma, or other qualification. All sources used and referenced
in this dissertation are duly credited, and any borrowed ideas or information
are appropriately cited in accordance with academic standards and guide-
lines.

...........................................
Date: 29-04-2025 ( Tirthendu Sekhar Sarma)
Place: SNU, WB Registration Numbers: 210010884602

...........................................
( Sayan Bhaumik)
Registration Numbers: 210011796748

...........................................
( Anish Das)
Registration Numbers: 210011983069

...........................................
( Abhrajyoti Das)
Registration Numbers: 210011976151

...........................................
( Md. Mustaque Khan)
Registration Numbers: 210011880055

Sister Nivedita University, WB Page ii

 Certificate
This is to certify that the project entitled "Your project title", submitted by Group members
names to Sister Nivedita University ,West Bengal for the award of the degree of Bachelor
of Technology ( CSE ) is a bonafide record of the project work carried out by them under
my supervision and guidance. The content of the project, in full or parts have not been
submitted to any other institute or university for the award of any degree or diploma.

...............................................
(Prof. Saikat Maity )
Date: 29-04-2025
Place: SNU, WB Dept of Computer Science
Sister Nivedita University

Sister Nivedita University, WB Page iii

Contents
List of Figures v

Acknowledgement vi

Abstract vii

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Designing the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 Arranging the hardware components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.2 Assembling the components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.3 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Organization of chapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.1 Chapter 2: Literature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.2 Chapter 3: Feasibility study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.3 Chapter 4: Problem identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.4 Chapter 5: Proposed Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.5 Chapter 6: Experimental Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.6 Chapter 7: Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.7 Chapter 8: Future scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2 Literature Survey 8
2.1 This is a section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 Feasibility study 10

4 Problem identification 12

5 Proposed Solution 14
5.1 Proposed System features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2 DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2.1 Level 0 DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2.2 Level 1 DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.3 Arduino code used: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.4 Using google Api to show location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6 Experimental Results and Accuracy 23

7 Conclusion 25

8 Future Scope 26

Sister Nivedita University, WB Page iv

List of Figures
1.1 Circuit diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

5.1 DFD level 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.2 DFD level 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.3 Arduino Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.4 Modified Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.5 Python Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.6 HTML Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Sister Nivedita University, WB Page v

Acknowledgement
We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our esteemed guide, Dr. Pratik Bhat-
tacharjee, Associate Professor at Sister Nivedita University, WB, for his invaluable guidance,
unwavering support, and encouragement throughout our project journey. His profound knowl-
edge, insightful suggestions, and mentorship have been instrumental in shaping our project and
academic pursuits. We extend our sincere thanks to the members of the Project Committee at
the Department of Computer Science, Sister Nivedita University, for their valuable feedback and
constructive criticism during the evaluation of our work. Their expertise and insights have been
crucial in refining the quality of our project. We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to
our HOD, the esteemed Vice-Chancellor, the Class teachers and all the faculty members of our
department for their unwavering sup- port and guidance throughout our project journey. Your
invaluable contributions have been instrumental in shaping this project endeavor. We are deeply
indebted to our family members whose constant love, encouragement, and support have been
the driving force behind our academic pursuits. Their unwavering belief in us has given us the
strength to overcome challenges and achieve milestones. We also want to express our heartfelt
gratitude to our friends, colleagues, juniors, and seniors for their camaraderie, encouragement,
and support throughout this academic journey. Their presence and interactions have enriched
us with diverse perspectives, making this journey all the more rewarding. Lastly, we extend
our sincere appreciation to all those who have been our pillars of support during this project
endeavor. Your encouragement, motivation, and belief in our abilities have been invaluable, and
we are truly grateful for your presence in our life.

Tirthendu Sekhar Sarma ...............................................

(Registration Number:210010884602)

Sayan Bhaumik ...............................................

(Registration Number:210011796748)

Md. Mustaque Khan ...............................................

(Registration Number:210011880055)

Anish Das ...............................................

(Registration Number:210011983069)

Abhrajyoti Das ...............................................

(Registration Number210011880055:)

Sister Nivedita University, WB Page vi

Abstract
This project presents a GPS wearable device designed for real-time location tracking. The
wearable is built using the 6M GPS module and an Arduino microcontroller, enabling
precise location determination. The collected GPS data, including latitude and longitude,
is transmitted to a connected application or server. By integrating Google Maps API,
the tracked location is displayed in an intuitive, user-friendly interface on a web or mobile
application.
The wearable operates by acquiring satellite signals through the 6M GPS module,
processing the data using Arduino, and sending the location to the cloud or directly to
a device via a communication module (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or GSM). The real-time
tracking feature allows users to monitor the device’s movement on Google Maps, making
it suitable for applications like personal safety, outdoor navigation, child monitoring, or
fitness tracking.
The system emphasizes low power consumption, portability, and accuracy, making
it an efficient and cost-effective solution for real-time location tracking. The use of
Google Maps API enhances user experience by offering features like live route mapping,
geofencing, and location history. This project demonstrates a scalable and versatile
approach to integrating GPS and IoT technologies for everyday use.
Chapter 1
Introduction
A GPS tracker project is a practical and educational endeavor that combines knowledge from
fields like electronics, embedded systems, telecommunications, and programming. The main
objective of a GPS tracker is to determine the real-time location of a person, vehicle, or object
and transmit that data to a receiver or cloud platform for easy access and monitoring.
In this project, you will use a GPS (Global Positioning System) module to collect location
data such as latitude, longitude, altitude, and time. This data will be processed and then sent to
a user interface (e.g., a mobile app, web dashboard, or SMS) for visualization. The GPS tracker
can have many applications, including vehicle tracking, asset tracking, and even personal safety
devices.
Key Components GPS Module: Captures satellite signals to determine location coordinates.
Microcontroller: A microcontroller, like an Arduino or Raspberry Pi, processes GPS data and
controls other components. Communication Module: For sending GPS data to a user; popular
choices include GSM, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth modules. Power Supply: Powers the device, often
using batteries for mobility. Software: Code to read GPS data, process it, and transmit it to the
end-user interface.
1.1 Designing the model
[perera2013].Fig.5.6

1.1.1 Arranging the hardware components

[1]
Hardware Design for a Wearable GPS Tracker Using 6M GPS Module and Arduino Design-
ing a wearable GPS tracker involves creating a compact and lightweight device that integrates
the necessary components for location tracking. Below is the hardware design for building a
GPS wearable using a 6M GPS module and Arduino.
1. Components Required: 6M GPS Module:
Acquires GPS data (latitude, longitude, altitude). Ensure it comes with an antenna for better
signal reception. Arduino Nano or Pro Mini:
Chosen for its small size and low power consumption, ideal for wearable projects. Battery:
A rechargeable Lithium Polymer (Li-Po) or Lithium-Ion battery (3.7V, 1000mAh). A boost
converter if the Arduino requires 5V input. Voltage Regulator:
To ensure stable power supply to the GPS module and Arduino. Communication Module
(Optional):
Bluetooth Module (e.g., HC-05 or HC-06): For pairing with a smartphone. GSM Module
(e.g., SIM800L): For remote GPS tracking via SMS or GPRS. PCB or Prototype Board:
For mounting and connecting components securely. Enclosure:
Lightweight, wearable casing made of plastic or silicone for durability. Push Button/Switch:
To power on/off the device. LED Indicator:
To show the GPS fix status (blinks until GPS is locked, stays solid when fixed). Straps or
Mounting:

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Figure 1.1: Circuit diagram

Velcro, silicone, or fabric straps for wearing the device. 2. Circuit Diagram: Power Supply:
Connect the Li-Po battery to the Arduino and GPS module through a voltage regulator. Op-
tionally include a USB charging module (e.g., TP4056) for the battery. GPS Module:
Connect the TX pin of the GPS module to the RX pin of the Arduino. Connect the VCC and
GND pins to the power supply. Bluetooth/GSM Module (Optional):
Connect the communication module to the Arduino for transmitting data wirelessly. LED
Indicator:
Connect an LED to one of the Arduino’s GPIO pins through a resistor. 3. Design Consider-
ations: Compactness:
Use a small Arduino board (Nano/Pro Mini) to minimize size. Mount all components onto a
custom PCB for a neater assembly. Power Efficiency:
Enable power-saving modes in Arduino code. Use a GPS module with low power consump-
tion. Signal Reception:
Position the GPS antenna outside the casing or near the top for optimal satellite reception.
Durability: Use a sturdy, waterproof enclosure to protect the electronics. Comfort: Keep the
weight and size minimal for wearable comfort.

1.1.2 Assembling the components

Assembly Steps for a Wearable GPS Tracker Using 6M GPS Module and Arduino Here is a
step-by-step guide to assembling your wearable GPS tracker:
1. Gather the Components 6M GPS Module (with antenna) Arduino Nano/Pro Mini Battery
(Li-Po/Li-ion) with charging module Voltage Regulator (if needed) Bluetooth/GSM Module
(optional) Push Button/Switch LED Indicator Resistors (220 ohms for the LED) Prototype

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Board/Custom PCB Wires and Connectors Plastic/Silicone Enclosure Straps (Velcro, silicone,
or fabric) 2. Design the Circuit Layout Refer to the circuit diagram:
GPS Module: [2]
VCC → Voltage Regulator (or Arduino 3.3V/5V pin, depending on your module). GND →
GND of Arduino. TX → RX pin of Arduino. RX → TX pin of Arduino (not always necessary,
depending on the module). Arduino Nano/Pro Mini:
Connect to the GPS module via TX/RX pins. Power Arduino using the battery through the
regulator (if the battery voltage exceeds Arduino’s acceptable input). Battery:
Connect to a TP4056 charging module for recharging. Output of the TP4056 connects to the
Voltage Regulator or Arduino directly (if within voltage limits). LED Indicator:
Connect the positive leg of the LED to a GPIO pin (e.g., D13). Use a 220-ohm resistor
between the GPIO pin and the LED to limit current. Switch:
Place a switch between the battery and the rest of the circuit for manual power control. 3.
Solder the Components Use a prototype board or a custom-designed PCB to mount all compo-
nents securely. Keep connections short to reduce noise and ensure reliability. Use heat shrink
tubing on exposed wires to avoid short circuits. 4. Test the Circuit Connect the battery and
power on the device using the switch. Verify the GPS module acquires satellite data (LED
on the GPS module should blink when searching for satellites and turn steady when locked).
Test data transmission from the GPS module to the Arduino using a serial monitor. If a Blue-
tooth/GSM module is used, test communication with a paired device or server. 5. Assemble
into the Enclosure Cut openings in the enclosure for: GPS antenna (or position it inside if
signal reception is adequate). USB charging port (if using a rechargeable battery). Switch
and LED indicator. Secure all components using adhesive or screws. Attach straps to the en-
closure for wearability. 6. Final Testing Turn on the device and verify it acquires GPS data.
Ensure the LED indicator works as intended. If using Bluetooth/GSM, confirm successful data
transmission. Test the wearable for comfort and signal reception in different environments.
Assembly Steps for a Wearable GPS Tracker Using 6M GPS Module and Arduino Here is a
step-by-step guide to assembling your wearable GPS tracker:
1. Gather the Components 6M GPS Module (with antenna) Arduino Nano/Pro Mini Battery
(Li-Po/Li-ion) with charging module Voltage Regulator (if needed) Bluetooth/GSM Module
(optional) Push Button/Switch LED Indicator Resistors (220 ohms for the LED) Prototype
Board/Custom PCB Wires and Connectors Plastic/Silicone Enclosure Straps (Velcro, silicone,
or fabric) 2. Design the Circuit Layout Refer to the circuit diagram:
GPS Module:
VCC → Voltage Regulator (or Arduino 3.3V/5V pin, depending on your module). GND →
GND of Arduino. TX → RX pin of Arduino. RX → TX pin of Arduino (not always necessary,
depending on the module). Arduino Nano/Pro Mini:
Connect to the GPS module via TX/RX pins. Power Arduino using the battery through the
regulator (if the battery voltage exceeds Arduino’s acceptable input). Battery:
Connect to a TP4056 charging module for recharging. Output of the TP4056 connects to the
Voltage Regulator or Arduino directly (if within voltage limits). LED Indicator:
Connect the positive leg of the LED to a GPIO pin (e.g., D13). Use a 220-ohm resistor
between the GPIO pin and the LED to limit current. Switch:
Place a switch between the battery and the rest of the circuit for manual power control. 3.
Solder the Components Use a prototype board or a custom-designed PCB to mount all compo-
nents securely. Keep connections short to reduce noise and ensure reliability. Use heat shrink
tubing on exposed wires to avoid short circuits. 4. Test the Circuit Connect the battery and
power on the device using the switch. Verify the GPS module acquires satellite data (LED
on the GPS module should blink when searching for satellites and turn steady when locked).
Test data transmission from the GPS module to the Arduino using a serial monitor. If a Blue-

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

tooth/GSM module is used, test communication with a paired device or server. 5. Assemble
into the Enclosure Cut openings in the enclosure for: GPS antenna (or position it inside if sig-
nal reception is adequate). USB charging port (if using a rechargeable battery). Switch and
LED indicator. Secure all components using adhesive or screws. Attach straps to the enclosure
for wearability. 6. Final Testing Turn on the device and verify it acquires GPS data. Ensure
the LED indicator works as intended. If using Bluetooth/GSM, confirm successful data trans-
mission. Test the wearable for comfort and signal reception in different environments. Tips
for Assembly: Compact Layout: Arrange components tightly to keep the device small. Battery
Placement: Ensure the battery is securely mounted to avoid movement within the enclosure.
Waterproofing: Use a silicone sealant for the enclosure edges if water resistance is needed.
Heat Management: Ensure proper ventilation if the circuit generates heat

1.1.3 Testing
[3] Testing for the Wearable GPS Tracker Project Testing ensures that your wearable GPS
tracker functions correctly in both hardware and software. This step verifies the hardware con-
nections, software logic, and real-world usability. 1. Hardware Testing Step 1: Power Supply
Objective: Confirm the battery and power connections are working. Method: Turn on the de-
vice using the switch. Check the output voltage from the battery and voltage regulator using
a multimeter. Ensure the Arduino and GPS module LEDs light up, indicating they are receiv-
ing power. Step 2: GPS Module Objective: Verify the GPS module acquires location data.
Method: Wait for the GPS module’s LED to indicate a satellite fix (steady LED instead of
blinking). Use a serial monitor (via Arduino IDE) to read raw NMEA data output from the
GPS module. Check for valid latitude, longitude, and timestamp values in the NMEA sen-
tences. Step 3: LED Indicator Objective: Ensure the status LED works as intended. Method:
Program the Arduino to turn the LED on/off based on specific conditions (e.g., GPS fix status).
Verify that the LED behaves as expected (blinks when acquiring, solid when fixed). Step 4:
Communication Module (Optional) Objective: Test Bluetooth/GSM communication. Method:
Pair the Bluetooth module with a smartphone or computer and send test data. If using GSM,
insert a SIM card, and send location data as SMS or over the internet. 2. Software Testing Step
1: GPS Data Parsing Objective: Ensure the software correctly interprets GPS data. Method:
Upload a test program to the Arduino that extracts latitude and longitude from NMEA sen-
tences. Print the parsed data to the serial monitor and verify its accuracy. Step 2: Google Maps
API Integration Objective: Validate the integration with Google Maps. Method: Use a simple
script (Python or JavaScript) to send test GPS coordinates to the Google Maps API. Check if
the coordinates are correctly plotted on the map. Step 3: Data Transmission Objective: Confirm
data transmission between the tracker and other devices. Method: For Bluetooth: Check if the
data is successfully received on a paired device. For GSM: Test SMS or GPRS data and ensure
it contains the correct GPS coordinates. Step 4: Error Handling Objective: Ensure the system
handles errors gracefully. Method: Disconnect the GPS module and observe if the Arduino
continues functioning without crashing. Test scenarios where the GPS module fails to acquire
a fix and verify fallback mechanisms (e.g., status indication). 3. Field Testing Step 1: Outdoor
GPS Reception Objective: Test the GPS module in real-world conditions. Method: Wear the
device outdoors in an open area. Check how long it takes for the GPS module to acquire a satel-
lite fix. Verify the coordinates against a known location on Google Maps. Step 2: Battery Life
Objective: Measure the device’s power efficiency. Method: Fully charge the battery and oper-
ate the device continuously. Record the runtime to evaluate battery life. Step 3: Mobility Test
Objective: Assess performance during movement. Method: Wear the tracker while walking,
cycling, or driving. Monitor the data updates and ensure the location tracking remains accurate.
4. Debugging Tips Use a multimeter to check all connections if hardware components are not

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

functioning. Utilize the Arduino Serial Monitor to debug software issues by printing intermedi-
ate results. Test individual components separately (e.g., GPS, communication module) before
integrating them. Expected Results GPS tracker should acquire and display accurate location
data. The Google Maps API should plot the location correctly. Communication modules (if in-
cluded) should transmit data without errors. The device should function reliably under various
environmental and movement conditions. By thoroughly testing your wearable GPS tracker,
you can ensure it meets performance expectations and is ready for deployment

1.2 Organization of chapters

In this project, we present A gps wearable device, our journey unfolds across eight chapters,
as outlined below.

1.2.1 Chapter 2: Literature Survey

The advancements in GPS technology have enabled its integration into various applications,
including wearable trackers for navigation, safety, and monitoring. Studies have explored the
use of GPS modules, such as the NEO-6M, for real-time location tracking, demonstrating its
reliability in open environments but identifying challenges in dense urban or indoor settings
due to signal obstruction. Wearable devices combining GPS with microcontrollers like Arduino
have shown promise for cost-effective solutions, while APIs such as Google Maps enhance data
visualization and accessibility. Research also highlights the importance of accuracy, power
efficiency, and hybrid positioning techniques for improved performance.

1.2.2 Chapter 3: Feasibility study

The project was evaluated on technical, economic, and operational feasibility. Technically,
the integration of the NEO-6M GPS module with an Arduino Uno and Google Maps API is
straightforward due to the availability of libraries and documentation. Economically, the com-
ponents are affordable and suitable for prototyping, making the project cost-effective. Opera-
tionally, the system can cater to real-time tracking needs with adequate accuracy for personal
or asset monitoring, ensuring the concept is viable for deployment.

1.2.3 Chapter 4: Problem identification

The primary challenge lies in GPS accuracy and signal reliability. While the GPS module
performs well in open areas, signal interference from tall buildings, dense forests, or indoor
environments results in significant inaccuracies or complete signal loss. Additionally, power
consumption of wearable devices poses a limitation, impacting the usability for long-term ap-
plications. The project also faces challenges in user-friendly data visualization and secure
handling of location information.

1.2.4 Chapter 5: Proposed Solution

To address the identified challenges, the system integrates the NEO-6M GPS module with
Arduino for efficient data capture and transmits location coordinates to a server using serial
communication. The Google Maps API is used for real-time visualization, providing an intu-
itive user interface. To enhance accuracy, future improvements may include the integration of
multi-GNSS support, dead reckoning sensors, or differential GPS. Power consumption can be
optimized using low-power components or renewable energy sources, while data security can

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

be reinforced with encryption techniques. These solutions aim to make the tracker reliable,
accurate, and suitable for diverse environments.

1.2.5 Chapter 6: Experimental Results and Discussion

The Experiments and Results section documents the systematic testing of the GPS wearable
tracker across various environments to evaluate its performance and reliability. It includes the
setup of the hardware and software components, data collection at 10 distinct locations, and
analysis of GPS accuracy under different environmental conditions such as open spaces, urban
areas, and indoors. The recorded data, including latitude, longitude, and deviations from ref-
erence coordinates, are compared against ground truth data obtained from trusted sources like
Google Maps. Results are presented in tables and visualized on maps to illustrate accuracy and
signal consistency. The section also includes observations on the impact of environmental fac-
tors (e.g., signal obstructions, multipath effects) and device limitations (e.g., power consump-
tion and latency). These results provide a comprehensive assessment of the system’s strengths
and weaknesses, forming the basis for identifying areas for improvement and validating the
feasibility of the proposed system.

1.2.6 Chapter 7: Conclusion

The Conclusion section summarizes the overall outcomes of the GPS wearable tracker project,
highlighting the successful integration of hardware and software components, including the
NEO-6M GPS module, Arduino Uno, and Google Maps API. It discusses the system’s ability
to provide accurate real-time location tracking and visualizations while identifying key per-
formance trends from experimental results. The section reflects on the system’s reliability in
various environments and acknowledges limitations such as signal loss in obstructed areas and
power constraints. It emphasizes the project’s feasibility for practical applications like naviga-
tion and safety while suggesting areas for further enhancements. The conclusion ties together
the project’s objectives, outcomes, and future scope, demonstrating its potential for real-world
use.

1.2.7 Chapter 8: Future scope

The GPS wearable tracker project successfully demonstrates the integration of the NEO-6M
GPS module with Arduino Uno and Google Maps API to provide real-time location tracking
and visualization. The system’s primary contributions include a cost-effective, portable solu-
tion for personal and asset tracking with satisfactory accuracy in open areas. The experimental
results show that while the system performs well in environments with clear satellite visibility,
its accuracy is affected by obstacles such as tall buildings and dense indoor settings.
Future research and improvements can focus on enhancing accuracy and signal reliability
by integrating multi-GNSS support, dead reckoning sensors, and differential GPS. Power con-
sumption optimization through low-power components or solar charging could extend battery
life for long-duration use. Additionally, incorporating hybrid positioning systems that combine
GPS with Wi-Fi or Bluetooth beacons would improve indoor tracking performance. Security
measures, such as data encryption and user privacy controls, are also important for ensuring
safe and secure usage in real-world applications.
Further research could also explore the development of a fully integrated mobile app for
remote tracking, alerts, and advanced features such as geofencing, real-time analytics, and
predictive location services. As wearable technology continues to advance, the future scope of
this project includes expanding its applicability to healthcare, asset management, and smart city

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

infrastructure, offering opportunities for both technical and practical advancements in location-
based services.

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Chapter 2
Literature Survey
This chapter gives a detailed summary of important background information needed to un-
derstand our gps wearable. A literature survey on GPS tracker wearables explores various
research papers, studies, and advancements in the field of wearable GPS devices, focusing
on their applications, technologies, limitations, and future prospects. GPS wearables are com-
monly used for tracking people, pets, and assets, with significant applications in personal safety,
fitness tracking, healthcare monitoring, and asset management.
Key Areas of Research in GPS Wearable Trackers Wearable Technology and Design Several
studies highlight the importance of compact and ergonomic design in GPS wearables. These
devices must be lightweight, comfortable, and have extended battery life to be practical for
continuous use. Research also shows a trend toward integrating GPS with other sensors (like
accelerometers and heart rate monitors) for multi-functional applications in health and fitness
wearables.
Applications in Healthcare and Personal Safety GPS wearables have been widely explored
for their applications in healthcare, particularly for tracking patients with cognitive disorders
like Alzheimer’s or dementia, who may wander and need monitoring. Studies indicate that
wearable GPS devices improve patient safety by allowing caregivers to track the location and
movement patterns of individuals in real time, providing peace of mind and faster response in
emergencies.
Fitness and Activity Monitoring Literature shows a significant use of GPS wearables in sports
and fitness for tracking distance, speed, and route mapping. Fitness wearables with GPS en-
able athletes and fitness enthusiasts to monitor and analyze their activities, providing data for
performance improvement. Research also discusses the integration of GPS with advanced AI
algorithms in these wearables, which helps in tracking various performance metrics and offer-
ing personalized fitness guidance.
Battery Optimization Techniques One of the major challenges with wearable GPS trackers
is their limited battery life, especially for devices that aim to provide continuous tracking.
Studies focus on low-power GPS modules, energy-efficient communication methods, and smart
algorithms that switch off or lower GPS usage based on user movement patterns or specific time
intervals. These advancements help prolong battery life, making wearables more practical for
extended use.
Communication and Data Transmission Research in this area highlights different data trans-
mission techniques used in GPS wearables, including GSM, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. GSM-based
wearables are popular for remote tracking applications, where data is sent to cloud platforms
for real-time access. However, Bluetooth-based wearables are used for short-range tracking ap-
plications, often paired with mobile devices. Some recent studies also explore LPWAN (Low
Power Wide Area Network) for efficient, long-range communication with reduced power con-
sumption, offering promising advancements in wearable GPS tracking.
Privacy and Data Security Concerns Privacy and data security in GPS wearables are common
concerns in the literature. The continuous tracking of individuals raises issues related to user
privacy, as unauthorized access to location data can lead to misuse. Researchers focus on

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 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY

data encryption, user authentication, and data anonymization techniques to enhance security,
ensuring that only authorized individuals can access sensitive location information.
Use of AI and Predictive Analytics Recent advancements in AI allow for predictive analytics
in GPS wearables, where machine learning models analyze past movement patterns to predict
future movements. This has significant applications in monitoring elderly patients or children,
as AI can alert caregivers to unusual or potentially risky movements. Predictive analytics also
support health monitoring applications by integrating data from GPS and other biometric sen-
sors to detect early signs of health issues.
Conclusion and Future Prospects The literature on GPS wearable trackers suggests that they
are growing in both technological capability and application range. Future research trends
include ultra-compact and flexible designs, advanced energy-harvesting technologies for pro-
longed battery life, and enhanced security measures for user privacy. Wearable GPS trackers
are likely to continue evolving with advancements in sensor technology, AI, and IoT, making
them even more efficient, reliable, and versatile in applications across personal safety, health-
care, and beyond.

2.1 This is a section

This is a citation reference [ali2014sensors]. This is another [nooruddin2022sensor].
They will be automatically added to bibliography section in order of your citation. This is
completely dynamic and automatically adjusts itself with added/removed citations.

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Chapter 3
Feasibility study
Feasibility Study for GPS Wearable Project
1. Technical Feasibility The technical feasibility of this project assesses the practicality of using
the selected components and technologies to achieve the desired objectives.
Hardware Feasibility: The 6m GPS module is a widely used and reliable module, capable
of providing accurate location data. It is compatible with the Arduino platform, which simpli-
fies hardware integration. The use of Arduino, being an open-source microcontroller, allows
flexibility in programming and prototyping. Software Feasibility: Google Maps API is a robust
and proven solution for integrating real-time location data visualization. It provides extensive
documentation and support, making implementation easier. Arduino’s compatibility with li-
braries for handling GPS data ensures streamlined communication between components. Skill
Set Availability: The group has basic knowledge of Arduino programming, circuit design, and
API integration, which ensures the required technical expertise for this project. Implementation
Complexity: The selected components and tools are beginner-friendly and widely documented,
reducing the risk of technical hurdles during implementation.
2. Economical Feasibility This feasibility considers the financial aspects of the project to ensure
it is affordable and aligns with the available budget.
Component Cost: The 6m GPS module and Arduino are cost-effective components, readily
available in the market. They are affordable compared to alternative high-end devices, ensuring
the project remains within budget. Software Tools: Google Maps API offers a free tier that is
sufficient for small-scale projects like this, which eliminates additional costs for software ser-
vices. Development Resources: The project utilizes off-the-shelf components and open-source
software, further minimizing expenses. Project Scale: Since this is a prototype project, the
budget is manageable for the group, and additional costs like advanced enclosures or power
optimization can be minimized initially.
3. Operational Feasibility Operational feasibility evaluates whether the proposed solution
meets user needs and can function efficiently.
Ease of Use: The wearable device is designed to be lightweight and user-friendly, ensuring
a positive user experience. Arduino’s modular programming approach simplifies debugging
and modifications during development. Functionality: By integrating the 6m GPS module and
Google Maps API, the system can provide accurate location tracking and real-time data visu-
alization. This satisfies the core objective of the project. Scalability: Although the project is
designed as a prototype, it has the potential for future scalability, such as integrating additional
sensors or expanding its application scope. Maintenance: Regular maintenance is straightfor-
ward due to the modular design and availability of components in the market. Conclusion The
project is feasible to complete within the allotted time due to the following reasons:
The selected components (6m GPS module and Arduino) are compatible, cost-effective, and
easy to integrate. The group has the required technical expertise and access to extensive on-
line resources for guidance. The use of Google Maps API simplifies real-time location track-
ing, minimizing software complexity. The manageable scope and low cost of the project align
well with the group’s time and budget constraints. By adhering to the planned timeline and

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 CHAPTER 3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

leveraging the group’s collective skills, the GPS wearable project is expected to be completed
successfully within the given timeframe.

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Chapter 4
Problem identification
Problem Statement: The core objective of the GPS wearable project is to design and implement
a wearable device that continuously tracks the location of a person and displays this information
in real-time on a platform such as Google Maps. The device will use a 6M GPS module,
Arduino, and the Google Maps API to achieve this functionality. However, this system must
overcome several complex issues to ensure efficient operation, reliability, and user satisfaction.

Complexities Associated with the Problem GPS Accuracy and Precision: The GPS module
being used is the 6M GPS module, which has a typical accuracy of around 2-5 meters. While
this is sufficient for many applications, it poses a challenge in terms of precision, especially in
environments with poor satellite visibility (e.g., urban canyons, dense forests, or indoor areas).
The challenge is to ensure the system provides accurate location data consistently and does not
lose signal or provide incorrect coordinates due to interference.
Power Consumption and Battery Life: Wearable GPS devices must be designed to work for
extended periods without requiring frequent recharging. The 6M GPS module and Arduino
board, when continuously operating, can draw significant power, limiting battery life. The
challenge is to design an efficient power management system that ensures the device remains
operational for hours or even days, depending on usage, without sacrificing performance.
Real-Time Data Transmission: Sending real-time location data from the wearable device to a
remote server or the Google Maps API in real-time can face multiple issues. The Arduino may
not have the processing power or built-in network connectivity to handle this task effectively.
Using additional communication modules like GSM, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth introduces further
complexities in terms of range, signal strength, and potential delays in transmitting data, espe-
cially when moving through areas with weak or no signal.
Data Latency and Display on Google Maps: Real-time tracking on platforms like Google
Maps requires minimal latency for smooth, accurate display of the wearer’s location. The GPS
data must be processed, transmitted, and rendered on the map interface in real-time. Any delay
in these steps can lead to a frustrating user experience, where the location may appear outdated
or incorrect, especially in cases of rapid movement. Ensuring that the system can handle this
level of responsiveness in real-time is a key challenge.
Integration of Multiple Technologies: Integrating the 6M GPS module, Arduino board, and
Google Maps API involves dealing with compatibility issues. The Arduino may not natively
support complex data handling or direct communication with the Google Maps API, requiring
additional coding and interfacing. Developing efficient code to manage GPS data collection,
processing, and transmission to Google Maps while ensuring system stability is a complex task.
User Interface and Interaction: The effectiveness of a GPS wearable system is not only de-
termined by the backend technology but also by how the user interacts with the device. A
wearable GPS tracker often needs a user-friendly interface for real-time location tracking on
platforms like Google Maps. Creating an intuitive interface that can handle user input, display
updates, and refresh data without overwhelming the user is a challenge in itself, especially
when working with limited hardware resources like Arduino.

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 CHAPTER 4 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

GPS Signal Loss and Recovery: The GPS module depends on clear line-of-sight with satel-
lites to maintain an accurate fix. In environments like cities with tall buildings or rural areas
with sparse infrastructure, the GPS signal may be intermittent or lost entirely. Designing a
system that can quickly detect signal loss, recover the signal as soon as possible, and handle
the transition without disrupting the user experience is a significant challenge in wearable GPS
technology.
Security and Privacy Concerns: A wearable GPS tracker continuously collects location data,
which could raise concerns about user privacy and data security. Users may be worried about
unauthorized access to their location information. Ensuring secure data transmission between
the device and Google Maps API, as well as implementing proper data protection measures
(encryption, secure login), is crucial to address these concerns and safeguard user data.
Environmental Factors and Interference: The performance of GPS trackers can be affected
by environmental factors such as weather conditions (rain, fog), physical obstructions (build-
ings, trees), and electromagnetic interference. In outdoor environments, the accuracy of the
GPS signal can degrade, leading to unreliable location data. The device must be designed to
minimize these issues, but mitigating all potential environmental factors remains a significant
complexity.
Cost and Commercial Viability: While this is a technical project, if it were to be commercial-
ized, the cost of the wearable device would need to be a consideration. The components (6M
GPS module, Arduino, communication modules) must be chosen such that they do not increase
the device’s cost beyond what is acceptable for potential consumers. Balancing functionality,
reliability, and cost is a challenging trade-off when designing a GPS wearable for wide-scale
use.
These complexities, if not properly addressed, could hinder the effectiveness, usability, and
accuracy of the GPS wearable tracker. The project will require careful planning, development,
and testing to ensure all these factors are managed efficiently, leading to a functional, reliable,
and user-friendly wearable GPS solution.

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Chapter 5
Proposed Solution
Proposed Solutions for GPS Wearable Project 1. GPS Accuracy and Precision: To address
the accuracy and precision issues associated with the 6M GPS module, a few strategies can be
implemented:
Use of Differential GPS (DGPS): Differential GPS can be employed to improve accuracy by
using a reference station to correct the GPS data. This technique enhances location precision
and reduces errors caused by atmospheric interference, especially in urban environments. Error
Filtering and Smoothing Algorithms: Implement Kalman filters or other smoothing algorithms
in the Arduino to process the raw GPS data and reduce location jitter. These algorithms can
help in filtering out noise from the signal and providing more stable location readings. Multi-
Satellite Usage: Ensure the GPS module is always communicating with as many satellites as
possible for a more accurate fix. In environments where satellite visibility is low, the system
could switch to assisted GPS (A-GPS) or use additional sensors like accelerometers to help
estimate position more accurately.
2. Power Consumption and Battery Life: To optimize power consumption and extend battery
life, several approaches can be used:
Low-Power Modes for the GPS and Arduino: Most GPS modules, including the 6M, offer
low-power modes that reduce the frequency of updates. The Arduino can be programmed to
enter sleep modes when not actively processing data or when the device is idle. This can sig-
nificantly extend battery life without sacrificing critical functionality. Optimized Data Trans-
mission Intervals: Instead of transmitting location data continuously, the wearable can adjust
the data transmission frequency based on the user’s movement. For example, location updates
can be sent every few seconds while moving, but the interval can be increased when stationary.
This reduces the overall energy consumption by reducing the frequency of communication with
the cloud or server. Energy Harvesting: Consider integrating energy harvesting technologies
such as small solar panels, piezoelectric sensors, or thermoelectric generators to recharge the
device’s battery during usage, further extending the device’s operational time.
3. Real-Time Data Transmission: Efficient real-time transmission of GPS data is essential
for the project. To overcome communication challenges:
Use of GSM or LTE Modules: Since the Arduino does not have built-in internet connectivity,
integrating a GSM module like the SIM800L or an LTE module would allow for real-time
transmission of GPS data. GSM can work effectively in most remote areas where Wi-Fi is
unavailable, and it can send the GPS data as an SMS or over the internet to a server. Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth Options: For short-range use cases (e.g., within the range of a smartphone), the
system can use Bluetooth or Wi-Fi modules for communication. A Bluetooth-based system
would allow the wearable to connect to a smartphone that acts as a gateway to transmit the
GPS data to Google Maps. Data Compression and Packetization: GPS data sent to the Google
Maps API can be compressed or packetized to minimize the amount of data being transferred.
This can ensure that the system remains efficient even in areas with weaker network coverage.
4. Data Latency and Display on Google Maps: To minimize latency and ensure the location
data is displayed accurately and smoothly on Google Maps:

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Real-Time Data Updates via Google Maps API: The system will use Google Maps API’s
real-time location update features, where the GPS coordinates are sent periodically to the API
and are plotted immediately on the map. The Arduino will send data at regular intervals based
on movement, and Google Maps will reflect these changes dynamically. Buffering and In-
terpolation: If the device temporarily loses GPS signal, data buffering techniques can be used
to store location updates and transmit them once the signal is restored. For smooth user ex-
perience, interpolation algorithms can predict intermediate locations based on previous data,
minimizing the effect of momentary signal loss.
5. Integration of Multiple Technologies: The integration of the 6M GPS module, Arduino,
and Google Maps API will require effective handling of multiple technologies:
Arduino Libraries and APIs: Arduino supports various libraries for working with GPS mod-
ules and communication protocols. Libraries like TinyGPS++ or Adafruit GPS can simplify
parsing and processing GPS data. For communication with Google Maps, an intermediary
service (like a cloud-based server) can be used to handle data transmission from Arduino to
Google Maps via HTTP requests. Modular Approach in Software Design: The code should be
modular, where different components (GPS data parsing, power management, communication)
are handled in separate functions or modules. This will make the system more scalable and
easier to debug. The use of the Arduino IDE and its extensive library support can facilitate this
integration. Data Handling and Storage: A small local storage (like an SD card) can be added
to the Arduino to temporarily store GPS data when signal or communication is lost, allowing
the system to recover without data loss once the signal is restored.
6. User Interface and Interaction: For a user-friendly experience, the wearable should have
an intuitive interface. Some solutions include:
Mobile App Integration: To display the location on Google Maps, the wearable can be paired
with a smartphone app. The app will handle the user interface and communicate with the GPS
device via Bluetooth or GSM to fetch and display real-time location data. The app can be
developed for both Android and iOS to provide cross-platform compatibility. Interactive Web
Interface: Alternatively, a web interface can be developed where users can log in and view
real-time location data. The web app can pull the location data from a cloud server and render
it on Google Maps, allowing remote tracking through any web browser.
7. GPS Signal Loss and Recovery: To address signal loss, the following techniques can be
applied:
Sensor Fusion: Integrating additional sensors such as accelerometers or gyroscopes can help
estimate the user’s movement when GPS signals are weak or unavailable. By combining data
from these sensors with the last known GPS position, the system can predict the user’s current
location with reasonable accuracy during brief signal loss. Signal Recovery Algorithms: When
the GPS signal is lost, the system can implement a retry mechanism with exponential backoff
(increasing the time between each retry attempt) to reduce power consumption while ensuring
that the signal is eventually recovered.
8. Security and Privacy Concerns: For securing data and ensuring privacy:
End-to-End Encryption: All GPS data should be encrypted before transmission to prevent
unauthorized access. This ensures that even if someone intercepts the data, they cannot read the
sensitive location information. Using HTTPS for secure communication between the wearable
and the cloud can further strengthen data security. User Authentication and Data Control: The
Google Maps interface or mobile app should include user authentication to ensure that only
authorized users can access the location data. Additionally, privacy settings should be provided
to control who can track the wearable device and when.
9. Environmental Factors and Interference: To address environmental challenges such as
poor signal conditions:
Signal Boosters: Using external antennas or GPS signal boosters can enhance GPS signal

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 CHAPTER 5 PROPOSED SOLUTION

reception in areas where the signal might be weak, such as urban canyons or inside build-
ings. Environmental Sensing and Adjustments: The wearable device can monitor environmen-
tal conditions (like location in a tunnel or building) and adjust the GPS update rate or switch to
alternative positioning systems (like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth-based positioning).
10. Cost and Commercial Viability: To maintain the cost-effectiveness of the wearable
device:
Cost-Effective Components: Selecting affordable yet reliable components, such as the 6M
GPS module and widely available communication modules like GSM, can help reduce produc-
tion costs without compromising functionality. Scalable Manufacturing: Once the design is
finalized, optimizing the production process for mass manufacturing can significantly reduce
unit costs, making the device commercially viable for consumers. These proposed solutions
aim to tackle the complexities of building a GPS wearable device, ensuring that it is reliable,
accurate, and user-friendly while addressing the technical limitations of the hardware and soft-
ware components.

5.1 Proposed System features

Proposed System Features The proposed GPS wearable tracker system is designed to be a
real-time, efficient, and user-friendly device for tracking location. It uses the 6M GPS mod-
ule, Arduino, and Google Maps API for functionality. Below is a detailed breakdown of the
system’s features and the initial assumptions for the project.
1. System Features: Real-Time Location Tracking: The system continuously monitors the
user’s location using the 6M GPS module and provides real-time updates on a platform such as
Google Maps.
Location Updates on Google Maps: The wearable device communicates with a mobile app
or web interface, displaying the real-time location of the user on Google Maps.
Low Power Consumption: The system implements low-power modes for the GPS and Ar-
duino to conserve battery life, allowing for prolonged usage without frequent recharging.
User Alerts (Optional): The system could include features to send notifications to the user or
designated contacts if the wearer goes outside a predefined geofence or in case of an emergency.
Data Security: The system uses encrypted communication protocols (HTTPS) for secure
data transmission and protects user privacy by ensuring that location data is accessible only to
authorized users.
Battery Monitoring: Battery levels of the wearable device are monitored, and users are noti-
fied if the battery is running low, prompting them to recharge or replace it.
User Interface (Mobile/Web): A mobile app or web interface is used to display the user’s
location on a map and provide real-time updates. The interface allows users to view their
location history or set tracking preferences.
Integration with Cloud Storage: GPS data can be stored in the cloud for historical analysis,
which can be accessed by the user or authorized parties.
Multiple Communication Options: The wearable supports multiple communication protocols
such as GSM, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi, ensuring versatility in data transmission depending on the
location.
2. Initial Assumptions: Device Components:
The GPS wearable device uses a 6M GPS module, Arduino microcontroller, and a GSM/IoT
module for data communication. The wearable device has a small, rechargeable battery with
low power consumption features to extend battery life. Environment and Connectivity:
The device operates in outdoor environments with good satellite visibility, and GSM or Wi-Fi
coverage is assumed to be available in areas where the wearable will be used. Data Security:

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 CHAPTER 5 PROPOSED SOLUTION

Location data is transmitted securely over HTTPS, ensuring that only authorized users can
access and control the data. Real-Time Location Updates:
The device sends location data every 1–2 seconds to a cloud platform or Google Maps API
to ensure near-real-time tracking. User Authentication:
A user-friendly authentication system is in place for the mobile app or web interface, ensuring
that only authorized users can track the wearable device. Battery Life:
The system is designed to operate for at least 12-24 hours continuously, depending on the
update rate and the type of communication used.

5.2 DFD
5.2.1 Level 0 DFD

Figure 5.1: DFD level 0

This is the high-level overview of the system, illustrating the interaction between external
entities, processes, and data stores.
Components:
External Entities:
User: Interacts with the system through a mobile app or web interface.
Google Maps API: Receives location data for real-time display.
Processes:
Real-Time GPS Tracking System: Core system that collects, processes, and transmits GPS
data.
Data Stores:

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 CHAPTER 5 PROPOSED SOLUTION

Location Data Storage: Stores GPS coordinates for historical analysis.

5.2.2 Level 1 DFD

Figure 5.2: DFD level 1

This expands on the Level 0 DFD, breaking the main process into smaller subprocesses.
Processes:
Collect GPS Data: Collect real-time location data (latitude, longitude, altitude, timestamp)
from the GPS module.
Process GPS Data: Filter and format GPS data for accuracy and compatibility.
Store GPS Data: Save the data locally or in a cloud database.
Transmit Data to API: Send processed GPS data to the Google Maps API.
Display Data to User: Update the user’s interface (mobile/web) with real-time or historical
location data.
Data Flow:
Input: GPS data collected by the device.
Output: Real-time location updates on Google Maps API and user interface.
Descriptions of Components in Level 1 DFD:
Collect GPS Data:
Input: Raw GPS coordinates (latitude, longitude, altitude).
Output: Data is passed to the "Process GPS Data" block.
Process GPS Data:
Input: Raw GPS data.
Operation: Filters out errors, formats data for transmission, and timestamps the location.

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 CHAPTER 5 PROPOSED SOLUTION

Output: Cleaned GPS data sent to "Store GPS Data" or directly to "Transmit Data to API."
Store GPS Data:
Input: Processed GPS data.
Operation: Saves location data in a local database or cloud storage.
Output: Data available for historical analysis.
Transmit Data to API:
Input: Processed GPS data.
Operation: Sends the data via GSM or Wi-Fi to Google Maps API.
Output: Real-time data for visualization.
Display Data to User:
Input: Real-time or historical location data.
Operation: Displays the user’s current or past locations on Google Maps via a mobile app or
web interface.
Output: Visual representation of location data.

5.3 Arduino code used:

Figure 5.3: Arduino Code

5.4 Using google Api to show location

1. Modify Arduino Code to Send GPS Data We will send latitude and longitude data via the
Arduino’s Serial port. This data will be received by a connected device (PC or Raspberry Pi)
that runs a web application.

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 CHAPTER 5 PROPOSED SOLUTION

Figure 5.4: Modified Code

2. Create a Python Script to Receive GPS Data:

This script reads the GPS data from the Arduino and updates a web server that serves the map.
3. Create the HTML Template for Google Maps: Create a file named templates/map.html for
displaying the map.
4. Running the Application
a)Install Flask
b)Run the Python Script:
c)Access the Web App: Open a browser and navigate to http://127.0.0.1:5000. You should see
the real-time GPS location displayed on Google Maps.
Note: No source code is allowed here or at any part of your report.

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 CHAPTER 5 PROPOSED SOLUTION

Figure 5.5: Python Code

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 CHAPTER 5 PROPOSED SOLUTION

Figure 5.6: HTML Code

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Chapter 6
Experimental Results and Accuracy
Experiment Setup
Hardware and Software:
Use the 6M GPS module connected to an Arduino Uno. Set up the Python Flask server to
log GPS data and visualize locations on Google Maps using the Google Maps API. A reference
device, such as a smartphone, with known accurate GPS readings.
Methodology:
Visit 10 different locations, covering various environments:
1.Open ground (e.g., park or field).
2.Suburban street.
3.Dense urban area (e.g., near tall buildings).
4.Residential area.
5.Highway.
6.Near water bodies (e.g., lake or river).
7.Forested area.
8.Indoor location (near a window).
9.Indoor location (no direct line of sight to the sky).
10.Rooftop of a building.
Collect GPS readings at each location using the tracker. Compare the readings with the actual
location coordinates from a trusted GPS source (e.g., Google Maps on a smartphone).

Data Recorded:
*Latitude and Longitude from the wearable tracker.
Reference location coordinates (ground truth).
Deviation (distance between actual and recorded location).
Environmental conditions (e.g., presence of obstructions).
Google Maps Visualization:
Plot both the tracker’s recorded location and the reference location on Google Maps. High-
light the deviation using markers and connecting lines.

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 CHAPTER 6 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ACCURACY

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Chapter 7
Conclusion
The GPS wearable tracker project successfully demonstrates the integration of a 6M GPS mod-
ule, Arduino Uno, and Google Maps API for real-time location tracking. The system is de-
signed to provide accurate location data and visualize it on Google Maps, making it suitable
for applications such as navigation, geofencing, and personal safety tracking. The experimental
results reveal that the GPS module performs reliably in open spaces with an average deviation of
±3 meters. However, its performance degrades in obstructed environments like urban canyons
and indoors, where signal loss or reduced accuracy is observed. The system also showcases
efficient data transmission and low latency, ensuring near real-time updates on the web inter-
face. While power consumption is optimized for wearable use, the dependence on a clear line
of sight to satellites highlights the need for alternative solutions, such as integrating Wi-Fi or
cellular positioning, to enhance performance in challenging environments. Overall, the project
is a proof-of-concept that validates the feasibility of low-cost, portable GPS tracking systems,
with opportunities for further refinement to increase accuracy, reliability, and versatility.

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Chapter 8
Future Scope
Possible Future Improvements The GPS wearable tracker project has demonstrated significant
potential, but there are several areas where enhancements can improve its performance, usabil-
ity, and scalability. Below are some possible future improvements:
1. Enhanced Accuracy and Reliability Integration with Multi-GNSS Support: Incorporate
support for additional satellite constellations such as GLONASS, Galileo, or BeiDou alongside
GPS. This would improve accuracy, especially in challenging environments like urban canyons
or dense forests.

Differential GPS (DGPS): Utilize a DGPS system to correct errors caused by atmospheric
conditions, further enhancing accuracy to within a few centimeters.

Dead Reckoning Sensors: Add inertial measurement units (IMUs) like accelerometers and
gyroscopes to maintain positional data during GPS signal loss, such as in tunnels or indoors.

2. Indoor Tracking Solutions Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Positioning: Integrate Wi-Fi or Bluetooth
Low Energy (BLE) beacons for indoor tracking where GPS signals are weak or unavailable.

Hybrid Positioning Systems: Combine GPS with other technologies like RFID or Ultra-Wideband
(UWB) for seamless indoor-outdoor location transitions.

3. Improved User Interface

Mobile App Development: Build a dedicated mobile application for real-time location track-
ing, notifications, and alerts, making the system accessible via smartphones.

Enhanced Visualization: Add features like route history, geofencing alerts, and heatmaps to
the Google Maps interface for better insights and user engagement.

4. Power Efficiency
Low-Power GPS Modules: Switch to newer GPS modules with lower power consumption to
extend battery life for wearable use.

Solar Charging: Incorporate solar panels or other renewable energy sources to make the de-
vice self-sufficient for outdoor applications.

5. Advanced Features
Geofencing Alerts: Enable notifications when the device exits or enters predefined areas, im-
proving utility for personal safety and asset tracking.

Emergency Features:
Integrate an SOS button to send the user’s location to emergency contacts or authorities in crit-

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 CHAPTER 8 FUTURE SCOPE

ical situations.

Cloud Integration:
Store location data on a cloud platform for remote access, analytics, and backup, enabling
multi-user tracking and historical data retrieval.

6. Scalability and Applications

Wearable Design: Miniaturize the system to fit into smaller wearable forms, such as wrist-
bands, smartwatches, or keychains, for added convenience.

Multi-Device Support:
Develop a system capable of tracking multiple devices simultaneously, making it suitable for
fleet management, group tracking, or child safety.

7. Security and Privacy Data Encryption:

Implement end-to-end encryption for location data to protect against unauthorized access.

Privacy Controls:
Introduce user-controlled privacy settings to manage who can view the location and under what
conditions.

8. AI and Predictive Analytics

Predictive Location Analytics: Use machine learning to predict user movement patterns or
routes based on historical data.

Anomaly Detection:
Detect unusual location patterns or deviations for safety or operational efficiency.

9. Cost Optimization
Cheaper Alternatives: Explore cost-effective components and manufacturing methods to re-
duce the overall cost of the device, making it accessible to a broader audience.

Subscription Models: Offer a subscription for additional features like advanced analytics, emer-
gency response, or extended storage.

These improvements will make the GPS wearable tracker more versatile, user-friendly, and
adaptable to diverse real-world scenarios, paving the way for widespread adoption in personal
safety, navigation, and asset tracking.

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