Internet of Things

Lecture 2
Dr. Esraa M. Elhariri
2022-2023
Outline
 Introduction

 Applications & Services

 Technologies

 Architecture
 Smart Systems and IoT
Smart Systems and The Internet of Things are driven by a
combination of:

Source: Postscape - http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic

Source: Postscape - http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
Source: Postscape - http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
Source: Postscape - http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
Internet of Everything

Source: Cisco
Source: Postscape - http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
Applications & Services
Classifications and Examples of IoT Systems
 Application
Areas

Smart Smart Smart Industrial

Smart Cities E-Health Retail Logistics
Environment Energy Agriculture Control
Smart Home
Smart Home Scenario
Smart Cars (aka the Internet ofVehicles)
M-City: 32 acres and 3000 test vehicles at UMTRI
University of Michigan.
 E-Healthcare
Offer remote health services for baby boomers.
Help them to live independently at their homes instead of nursing homes.
 Smart Farms
- Temperature sensors,moisture sensors,etc.
- Sensors to trap and analyze captured insects.
- - Detect when cows are estrus for optimal breeding.
Efficient Waste Management in Smart
Cities
Efficient Collaborative Research
Current Scenario
Future Scenario

Smart
Smart Factory
Cities
Smart
Grid/
Smart Smart
Home Energy
Technologies
Source: Gartner, 2013, online at http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2636073
IoT Enabling Technologies

To identify To collect and To enhance the

process the To enhance
and track the power of the
data to detect integration and
data of things network by devolving
the changes in interoperation
processing capabilities
the physical between devices
to different part of
status of and services.
the network.
things
IoT Enabling Technologies
IoT Enabling Technologies
• RFID Technology
• Sensor Technology (nano-technology)
• Wireless Communication (low power,lossy networks)
• Energy Harvesting Technologies M2M
• Cloud Computing
• Advanced Internet Protocol (IPv6)
RFID SCADA

WSN
Essential Internet ofThings

Technologies
Involved in IoT
Architecture
 Architecture of IoT
Business Layer Business Models Flowcharts
System Management Graphs

Application Layer Meanwhile,there are

Smart Applications and Management some projects like IoT-A
which try to design a
Middleware Layer Ubiquitous Computing Database common architecture
Info Processing Service Management Decision Unit
based on the analysis of
the needs of
Network Layer Secure Wifi,Bluetooth, ZigBee, researchers and the
Transmission etc industry.

Perception Layer RFID,Barcode,

Physical O bjects
Infrared Sensors

Source:future internet ,2012

IoT layers – Perception Layer
◾ Perception (Device) Layer:

◾ Lowest Abstraction Layer

Business Layer

◾ Consist of the physical objects and sensor devices (i.e., RFID, 2D-barcode, or Application Layer
any sensor depending on required functionality)
Middleware Layer
◾ Collection of objects information by the Sensors N etwork & Gateway
Layer
 Collects and processes the real time information
Perception (Device)
 Collected information passed to Network layer for secure transmission to the
Layer

information processing system in middleware layer

IoT layers - Network Layer
◾ Network Layer (Transmission):

◾ Transfer information securely from sensor devices in Perception (device) layer to the Business Layer
information processing system in Middleware layer
Application Layer
◾ Robust and high performance network infrastructure
Middleware Layer
◾ Supports the communication requirements for latency, bandwidth or security N etwork & Gateway
Layer
◾ Allows multiple organizations to share and use the same network independently
Perception (Device)
Layer
 IoT layers - Middleware Layer
◾ Middleware Layer:
Business Layer
◾ Responsible for the device management and interoperation.

◾ Performs information processing and ubiquitous computation and makes a Application Layer
decision by sending specific sensor info to the related applications in Application
Middleware Layer
layer to do specific jobs.
N etwork & Gateway
Layer
◾ Data Analytics (Extracts relevant information from massive amount of raw data)
Perception (Device)
◾ Ensures security and privacy of data. Layer
IoT layers - Application Layer

Business Layer
◾ Application Layer:
Application Layer
◾ Provides a global management for the application based on the objects

processed in Middleware layer Middleware Layer

N etwork & Gateway
◾ Different applications for various sectors (i.e., Transportation, Healthcare,
Layer
Agriculture, Government, Retail, etc.) Perception (Device)
Layer
IoT layers - Business Layer
◾ Business Layer: Business Layer
◾ Maintain overall IoT system management including the applications and services.
Application Layer
◾ Build business models, graphs, flowcharts, etc. based on the data received from
Middleware Layer
Application layer.
N etwork & Gateway
◾ Analyzing and monitoring of models results, which help to determine the future actions Layer
and business strategies. Perception (Device)
Layer