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Lecture 4

The document discusses Mohr and Coulomb-Mohr theories, which analyze material failure under different stress conditions, highlighting the differences in compressive and tensile strengths. It outlines various failure criteria for ductile and brittle materials, emphasizing the use of maximum-shear-stress and maximum-normal-stress theories for design and analysis. Additionally, it presents methods for determining shear strength and selecting appropriate failure criteria based on material properties.

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Faraj Haider
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8 views

Lecture 4

The document discusses Mohr and Coulomb-Mohr theories, which analyze material failure under different stress conditions, highlighting the differences in compressive and tensile strengths. It outlines various failure criteria for ductile and brittle materials, emphasizing the use of maximum-shear-stress and maximum-normal-stress theories for design and analysis. Additionally, it presents methods for determining shear strength and selecting appropriate failure criteria based on material properties.

Uploaded by

Faraj Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mohr Theory

⚫ Some materials have compressive strengths different from


tensile strengths
⚫ Mohr theory is based on three simple tests: tension,
compression, and shear
⚫ Plotting Mohr’s circle for each, bounding curve defines failure
envelope

Fig. 5−12
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Coulomb-Mohr Theory

⚫ Curved failure curve is difficult to determine analytically


⚫ Coulomb-Mohr theory simplifies to linear failure envelope using
only tension and compression tests (dashed circles)

Fig. 5−13
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Coulomb-Mohr Theory

⚫ From the geometry, derive


the failure criteria

Fig. 5−13

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Coulomb-Mohr Theory

⚫ To plot on principal stress axes, consider three cases


⚫ Case 1: A ≥ B ≥  For this case, 1 = A and 3 = 0
◦ Eq. (5−22) reduces to

⚫ Case 2: A ≥  ≥ B For this case, 1 = A and 3 = B


◦ Eq. (5-22) reduces to

⚫ Case 3: 0 ≥ A ≥ B For this case, 1 =  and 3 = B


◦ Eq. (5−22) reduces to

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Coulomb-Mohr Theory
⚫ Plot three cases on principal stress axes
⚫ Similar to MSS theory, except with different strengths for
compression and tension

Fig. 5−14
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Coulomb-Mohr Theory

⚫ Incorporating factor of safety

⚫ For ductile material, use tensile and compressive yield strengths


⚫ For brittle material, use tensile and compressive ultimate
strengths

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Coulomb-Mohr Theory
⚫ Intersect the pure shear load line with the failure line to
determine the shear strength
⚫ Since failure line is a function of tensile and compressive
strengths, shear strength is also a function of these terms.

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-2

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-2

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-3

Fig. 5−16 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-3

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-3

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-4

Fig. 5−17
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Example 5-4

Fig. 5−17 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-4

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-4

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Failure of Ductile Materials Summary
⚫ Either the maximum-shear-stress
theory or the distortion-energy
theory is acceptable for design and
analysis of materials that would fail
in a ductile manner.
⚫ For design purposes the
maximum-shear-stress theory is
easy, quick to use, and
conservative.
⚫ If the problem is to learn why a part
failed, then the distortion-energy
theory may be the best to use.
⚫ For ductile materials with unequal
yield strengths, Syt in tension and
Syc in compression, the Mohr
theory is the best available.
Maximum-Normal-Stress Theory for Brittle Materials
⚫ The maximum-normal-stress (MNS)
theory states that failure occurs whenever
one of the three principal stresses equals
or exceeds the ultimate strength.
⚫ For a general stress state in the ordered
form σ1 ≥ σ2 ≥ σ3. This theory then
predicts that failure occurs whenever

where Sut and Suc are the ultimate tensile


and compressive strengths, respectively,
given as positive quantities.

⚫ MNS theory is not very good at predicting


failure in the fourth quadrant of the A,
B plane. Hence not recommended for
use (has been added for historical reason!)
Maximum Normal Stress Theory

⚫ Theory: Failure occurs when the maximum principal stress in a


stress element exceeds the strength.
⚫ Predicts failure when

⚫ For plane stress,

⚫ Incorporating design factor,

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Brittle Coulomb-Mohr

⚫ Same as previously derived, using ultimate strengths for failure


⚫ Failure equations dependent on quadrant
Quadrant condition Failure criteria

Fig. 5−14

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Brittle Failure Experimental Data

⚫ Coulomb-Mohr is
conservative in 4th quadrant
⚫ Modified Mohr criteria
adjusts to better fit the data
in the 4th quadrant

Fig. 5−19

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Modified-Mohr
Quadrant condition Failure criteria

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-5

Fig. 5−16
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Example 5-5

Table A24,
P1046

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 5-5

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Selection of Failure Criteria

⚫ First determine ductile vs. brittle


⚫ For ductile
◦ MSS is conservative, often used for design where higher
reliability is desired
◦ DE is typical, often used for analysis where agreement with
experimental data is desired
◦ If tensile and compressive strengths differ, use Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
⚫ For brittle
◦ Mohr theory is best, but difficult to use
◦ Brittle Coulomb-Mohr is very conservative in 4th quadrant
◦ Modified Mohr is still slightly conservative in 4th quadrant, but
closer to typical

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Selection of Failure Criteria in Flowchart Form

Fig. 5−21
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

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