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LEA 1

LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

Prepared by: JOEMAR J. DAMAYO, RCrim., MM, CSP, CAR

I. MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION CONCEPTS

ORGANIZATION
- a group of persons working together for a common goal or
objectives
- a form of human association for the attainment of a goal or
objective
- the process of identifying and grouping the work to be
performed, defining and delegating responsibility and
authority, establishing relationships for the purpose of
enabling people work effectively

POLICE ORGANIZATION
- a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety
administration engaged in the achievement of goals and
objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order,
protection of life and property, enforcement of the laws and
the prevention of crimes

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

- pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the
laws

ENFORCEMENT
- means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command

OBJECTIVES
- refer to the purpose by which the organization was created
- refer to the goals of the organizations

PNP MISSION
“To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to
maintain peace and order, and to ensure public safety and
internal security with the active support of the community”

ADMINISTRATION
- an organizational process concerned with the implementation
of objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency
- connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively
routine decision-making and maintenance of the internal
order
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POLICE
- a branch of the criminal justice system that has the
specific responsibility of maintaining law and order and
combating crime within the society

POLICE/LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

- the process involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper
obedience of laws and related statutes
- focuses on the policing process or how law enforcement
agencies are organized and managed in order to achieve the
goals of law enforcement most effectively, efficiently and
productively

SUPERVISION
- means the act of watching over the work or tasks of the
members of the organization to ensure that desired results
are achieved

MANAGEMENT
- the process of directing and facilitating the work of people
organized in formal groups in order to achieve objectives
- judicious or wise use of resources (manpower, material,
money, equipment, supplies, time etc)

AUTHORITY
- the right to command and control the behavior of employees
in lower positions within an organizational hierarchy
- must be viewed in terms of prescribed roles rather than of
individuals
- a particular position within an organization carries the
same regardless of who occupies that position

HIERARCHY
- represents the formal relationship among superiors and
subordinates in any given organization
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward,
and obedience upward, through the department

MANAGEMENT OR ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS

1) PLANNING
- the determination in advance of how the objectives of the
organization will be attained
- the process of setting performance objectives and
identifying the actions needed to accomplish them
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- working out in broad outline the things that need to be done

and the methods for doing them to accomplish the purpose set
for the enterprise

2) ORGANIZING
- involves the determination and allocation of the men and
women as well as the resource of an organization to achieve
pre-determined goals or objectives of the organization
- the process of dividing the work to be done and coordinating
results to achieve a desired purpose
- establishment of the formal structure of authority through
which work subdivisions are arranged, defined and
coordinated for the desired objectives

3) STAFFING
- the task of providing competent men to do the job and
choosing the right men for the right job
- involves good selection and processing of reliable and well-
trained personnel
- filling the organization with the right people in the right
position

4) DIRECTING
- involves the overseeing and supervising of the human
resources and the various activities in an organization to
achieve through cooperative efforts the pre-determined goals
or objectives of the organization
- also called leading, the process of directing and
coordinating the work efforts of other people to help them
accomplish important task
- task of making decisions and embodying them in specific and
general orders and instructions

5) CONTROLLING
- involves the checking or evaluation and measurement of work
performance and comparing it with planned goals or
objectives of the organization, and making the necessary
corrective actions so that work is accomplished as planned
- the process of monitoring performance, comparing results to
objectives and taking corrective action as necessary
- also called supervising

6) REPORTING
- the making of detailed account of activities, work progress,
investigations and unusual in order to keep every one
informed or what is going on
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7) BUDGETING
- the forecasting in detail of the results of an officially
recognized program of operations based on the highest
reasonable expectations of operating efficiency

PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT

DIVISION OF WORK
- work specialization can increase efficiency with the same
amount of effort

AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY

- authority includes the right to command and the power to
require obedience
- one cannot have authority without responsibility

DISCIPLINE
- necessary for an organization to function effectively,
however, the state of the disciplinary process depends upon
the quality of its leaders

UNITY OF COMMAND
- subordinate should receive orders from one superior only

SCALAR CHAIN
- the hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from the
highest to the lowest levels of the organization
- shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which
defines an unbroken chain of units from top to bottom
describing explicitly the flow of authority

ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS IN THE POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) FUNCTIONAL UNITS
a) BUREAU
- The largest organic functional unit within a
large department; comprises of several divisions
b) DIVISION
- A primary subdivision of a bureau
c) SECTION
- Functional unit within a division that is
necessary for specialization

d) UNIT
- Functional group within a section or the smallest
functional group within an organization

2) TERRITORIAL UNITS
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a) POST
- A fixed point or location to which an officer is
assigned for duty, such as a designated desk or
office or an intersection or cross walk from
traffic duty
b) ROUTE
- A length of streets designated for patrol
purposes; also called line beat
c) BEAT
- An area assigned for patrol purposes, whether
foot or motorized
d) SECTOR
- An area containing two or more beats, routes or
posts
e) DISTRICT
- A geographical subdivision of a city for patrol
purposes, usually with its own station
f) AREA
- a section or territorial division of a large city
each comprised of designated districts

FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS
- Functions that carry out the major purposes of the
organization, delivering the services and dealing directly
with the public
- The backbone of the police department
- Examples of the line functions of the police are
Patrolling, traffic duties, crime investigation

2) STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- Functions that are designed to support the line functions
and assist in the performance of the line functions
- Examples of the staff functions of the police are
Planning, research, budgeting and legal advice

3) AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
- functions involving the logistical operations of the
organization
- examples are training, communication, maintenance, records
management, supplies and equipment management

ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) OPERATIONAL UNITS
- those that perform primary or line functions
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- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice

control,

2) ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
- those that perform the administrative functions
examples are personnel, finance, planning and training

3) SERVICE UNITS
- those that perform auxiliary functions
- examples are communication, records management, supplies

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- The systematic arrangement of the relationship of the
members, positions, departments and functions or work of the
organization
- It is comprised of functions, relationships,
responsibilities and authorities of individuals within the
organization

KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

1) LINE
- the oldest and simplest kind; also called military
- defined by its clear chain of command from the highest to
the lowest and vice versa
- depicts the line functions of the organization
- orders or commands must come from the higher level of
authority before it can be carried out
- involves few departments

2) FUNCTIONAL
- structure according to functions and specialized units
- depicts staff functions of the organization
- responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all
accountable to the authority above

3) LINE AND STAFF

- a combination of the line and functional kind
- combines the flow of information from the line structure
with the staff departments that service, advise, and support
them
- generally more formal in nature and has many departments

The Philippine National Police follow the line and

staff kind of organizational structure.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
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- An illustration in the form of a chart which represents the

organizational structure
- the mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement of
symbols, the relationships that exist between individuals,
groups and functional relationships between groups and
individuals clearly defined to ensure accountability and
compliance

ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES

FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION

1) AUTHORITY
- The supreme source of government for any particular
organization
- The right to exercise, to decide and to command by virtue of
rank and position

2) MUTUAL COOPERATION
- An organization exists because it serves a purpose

3) DOCTRINE
- provides for the organization’s objectives
- provides the various actions, hence, policies,
procedures, rules and regulations of the organization are
based on the statement of doctrines

4) DISCIPLINE
- comprising behavioral regulations

ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) UNITY OF COMMAND
- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding the
unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of orders

2) SPAN OF CONTROL
- The maximum number of subordinates that a superior can
effectively supervise

Factors affecting the span of control:

a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors
b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees

3) DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position
to a lower-level position
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4) HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
- The relationship between superiors and subordinates
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward
and obedience upward through the department

HIERARCHY
- represents the formal relationship among superiors and
subordinates in any given organization

5) SPECIALIZATION
- The assignment of particular personnel to particular tasks

SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION)

- The designation of certain activities or tasks as ones that
must be performed in a highly technological, scientific or
precise manner
- Areas of police specialization include undercover works,
crime scene operations, legal advising, computer work, SWAT
operations and others

SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)

- The designation of particular persons as having expertise in
a specific area of work
- signifies the adaptation of an individual to the
requirements through extensive training

6) CHAIN OF COMMAND
- The arrangement of officers from top to bottom on the basis
of rank or position and authority

7) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible for
the effective supervision and control of their personnel and
unit

II. EVOLUTION OF THE POLICING SYSTEM

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the city

POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the state or

government
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POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the English

language

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

1) HOME RULE THEORY
- Policemen are regarded as servants of the community,
who rely for the efficiency of their functions upon
the express needs of the people
- Policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the
preservation of public peace and security

2) CONTINENTAL THEORY
- Policemen are regarded as state or servants of the
higher authorities
- The people have no share or have neither little
participation with the duties nor connection with the police
organization

CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

1) OLD CONCEPT
- Police service gives the impression of being merely
suppressive machinery
- this philosophy advocates that the measurement of
police competence is the increasing number of arrests,
throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than
trying to prevent them from committing crimes

2) MODERN CONCEPT
- regards police as the first line of defense of the
criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention
- Police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number
of crimes
- broadens police activities to cater to social services
and has for its mission the welfare of the individual as
well as that of the community in general

EARLY POLICING SYSTEM

1) KIN POLICING
- The family of the offended individual was expected to assume
responsibility for justice
- The family of the victim was allowed to exact vengeance

2) EGYPT
- Ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them
- created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whose duties
include guarding of the tombs and apprehending thieves
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- introduced the use of dogs as guards and protectors

3) ROME
- created the first organized police force called VIGILES OF
ROME, or VIGILES URBANI (watchmen of the city), which had
the primary task of firefighting and policing
- the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehending thieves,
keeping an eye out for burglars and hunting down runaway
slaves, and were on occasion used to maintain order in the
streets
- The Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and looked for
disturbances of the peace while they patrolled the streets
- created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS, a special
force of guards used by Roman Emperors as the Emperors'
personal guards
- As personal guards of the Emperor, their primary duty was to
protect the Emperor from assassination and other forms of
attack against the Emperor

4) ENGLAND
a) FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM/MUTUAL PLEDGE SYSTEM
- required all males aged 12 and above to join a group of nine
to form a TYTHING
- Members of the tything are called a TYTHINGMEN
- a CONSTABLE served as a leader of ten tythings
- the primary task of the things was to protect their village
from thieves and animals
- tythings were later organized into SHIRES
- a shire was headed by a leader called SHIRE REEVE, which is
the origin of the word “sheriff”
- Their duty was to apprehend offenders

b) PARISH CONSTABLES
- A parish official charged with controlling crimes
- appointed to serve for one year
- Duties included organizing watchmen to guard the gates
- during trouble, the watchman would raise a “HUE AND CRY”, a
call to arms where the rest of the parish would stop what
they were doing and come to the aid of the constable

MODERN POLICING SYSTEM

1) ENGLAND
a) BOWSTREET RUNNERS
- A group of men organized to arrest offenders
- organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate in London, in 1749
in London, England
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- The name was adopted from the name of the street where the
office of Henry Fielding was located
- When Henry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was replaced
by his blind brother, John Fielding
b) METROPOLITAN POLICE OF ACT 1829
- The law that created the first modern police force in London
England, called the Metropolitan Police Service
- This law was passed through the initiative of Sir Robert
Peel, a member of the Parliament
- The headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service is the
Scotland Yard, now known as the New Scotland Yard

SIR ROBERT PEEL

- recognized as the father of modern policing system

2) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

a) NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT
- created in 1845 in New York, USA
- recognized as the first modern style police department in
the US
- The largest police force in the world
- modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of London

b) BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT

- The oldest police department in the US
- The first night watch was established in Boston in 1631
- Formally founded in May, 1854

AUGUST VOLLMER
- recognized as the Father of Modern Law Enforcement for his
contributions in the development of the field of criminal
justice in the US
- Author of the book, Police Administration, which served as
the basic guide in the administration of the police
organization in the US
- was the first police chief of Berkeley, California

III. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

The institution of police in the Philippines formally

started during the Spanish period. The establishment of the
police force was not entirely intended for crime prevention or
peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as an extension of the
colonial military establishment.

Ancient Roots
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The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the

practice of barangay chieftains to select able-bodied young men
to protect their barangay during the night and was not required
to work in the fields during daytime. Among the duties of those
selected were to protect the properties of the people in the
barangay and protect their crops and livestock from wild animals.

Spanish Period

Carabineros de Seguridad Publica – organized in 1712 for the

purpose of carrying the regulations of the Department of State;
this was armed and considered as the mounted police; years after,
this kind of police organization discharged the duties of a port,
harbor and river police

Guardrilleros/Cuardillo – this was a body of rural police

organized in each town and established by the Royal Decree of 18
January 1836; this decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied
male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this
police organization for three years

Guardia Civil – this was created by a Royal Decree issued by the

Crown on 12 February 1852 to partially relieve the Spanish
Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns; it consisted
of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of
the provincial capitals of the central provinces of Luzon under
the Alcalde Mayor

American Period

The Americans established the United States Philippine

Commission headed by General Howard Taft as its first governor-
general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of
Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70 of the Taft
Commission. This has become the basis for the celebration of the
anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every January 9th.

ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act providing for the Organization and
Government of an Insular Constabulary”, enacted on July 18, 1901

CAPT HENRY ALLEN

- the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901

ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on

July 31, 1901
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CAPT GEORGE CURRY,

- the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department
in 1901

Act No 255 – the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into
Philippine Constabulary, enacted on October 3, 1901

Executive Order 389 – ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be

one of the four services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines,
enacted on December 23, 1940
Post-American Period

RA 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act

of 1966, enacted on September 8, 1966; created the Police
Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the
training and professionalization of the local police forces under
the Office of the President; later POLCOM was renamed into
National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)

Martial Law Period

PD 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted

on August 8, 1975; established the Integrated National Police
(INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus
and the integrated local police forces as components, under the
Ministry of National Defense
- transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President
to the Ministry of National Defense

Post Martial Law Regime

Executive Order No 1012 – transferred to the city and municipal

government the operational supervision and direction over all INP
units assigned within their locality; issued on July 10, 1985

Executive Order No 1040 – transferred the administrative control

and supervision of the INP from the Ministry of National Defense
to the National Police Commission

RA 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and

Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990;
reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National
Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College
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RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police

Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on February 25,
1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975

RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on

the minimum educational qualification for appointment to the PNP
and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August 2009

“AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR
COMPLYING WITH THE MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND ADJUSTING
THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE PERTINENT
PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8551 AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE

POLICING

BRIG GEN RAFAEL CRAME

- the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary
in 1917

COL ANTONIO TORRES

- the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police
Department in 1935

COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA

- the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department
after the Philippine Independence from the United States
of America in 1946

P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO

- the first chief of the Philippine National Police

IV. HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 – THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND

LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1990, RA 8551 – THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1998 and RA 9708

A. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG)

- formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
- reorganized under RA 6975

ORGANIZATION:
- consist of:
a) the Department proper
b) existing bureaus and offices of the DLG
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c) local government units (LGU)

1) provincial governors
2) city and municipal mayors
d) the National Police Commission
e) the Philippine Public Safety College
f) Philippine National Police
g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

- the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975
- headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President
and who shall serve at the pleasure of the President
- the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2)
Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries
a) Undersecretary for Local Government
b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order
- No retired or resigned military officer or police
official may be appointed as Secretary within one (1)
year from date of retirement or resignation
- the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the
National Police Commission
- refer to the organizational chart of DILG
-
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG
1) Assist the President in the exercise of general supervision
over local governments;
2) Advise the President in the promulgation of policies, rules,
regulations and other issuances on the general supervision
over local governments and on public order and safety;
3) Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other
issuances implementing laws on public order and safety, the
general supervision over local governments and the promotion
of local autonomy and community empowerment and monitor
compliance thereof;
4) Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local
governments, law enforcement and public safety;
Establish and prescribe plans, policies, programs and
projects to promote peace and order, ensure public safety
and further strengthen the administrative, technical and
fiscal capabilities of local government offices and
personnel;
5) Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet local
emergencies arising from natural and man-made disasters;
Establish a system of coordination and cooperation among the
citizenry, local executives and the Department, to ensure
effective and efficient delivery of basic services to the
public;
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6) Organize, train and equip primarily for the performance of

police functions, a police force that is national in scope
and civilian in character.
7)
RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
(DND)
- under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
was in charge with external security while the DILG was
in charge with internal security
- under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines is now
in charge with both internal and external security with
the PNP as support through information gathering and
performance of ordinary police functions

B. NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

- an agency attached to the DILG for policy coordination
- shall exercise administrative control and operational
supervision over the PNP

VISION OF THE NAPOLCOM

"We envision the National Police Commission as a highly
dynamic, committed and responsive administering and controlling
body, actively and effectively facilitating the evolvement of a
highly professional, competent, disciplined, credible and
trustworthy PNP"

MISSION OF THE NAPOLCOM

"To administer and control the Philippine National Police
with the end in view of maintaining a highly professional,
competent, disciplined, credible and trustworthy PNP”

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NAPOLCOM

A. Exercise administrative control and operational supervision
over the Philippine National Police (PNP) which shall mean the
power to:
1. Develop policies and promulgate a police manual prescribing
rules and regulations for efficient organization,
administration, and operation, including criteria for manpower
allocation distribution and deployment, recruitment, selection,
promotion, and retirement of personnel and the conduct of
qualifying entrance and promotional examinations for uniformed
members;
2. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish standards for such
purposes on a continuing basis, the performance, activities, and
facilities of all police agencies throughout the country;
3. Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
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4. Conduct annual self-report surveys and compile statistical

data for accurate assessment of the crime situation and the
proper evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of all
police units in the country;
5. Approve or modify plans and programs on education and
training, logistical requirements, communications, records,
information systems, crime laboratory, crime prevention and crime
reporting;
6. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate
Board, personnel administrative actions involving the demotion or
dismissal from the service imposed upon members of the Philippine
National Police by the Chief of the Philippine National Police;
7. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the Regional Appellate
Boards, over administrative cases against policemen and over
decisions on claims for police benefits;
8. Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and uniforms
and, after consultation with the Philippine Heraldry Commission,
for insignia of ranks, awards, medals of honor;
9. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters pertaining
to the discharge of its own powers and duties and designate who
among its personnel can issue processes and administer oaths in
connection therewith;
10. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on the
established criteria for manpower allocation, distribution and
deployment and their impact on the community and the crime
situation, and thereafter formulate appropriate guidelines for
maximization of resources and effective utilization of the PNP
personnel;
11. Monitor the performance of the local chief executives as
deputies of the Commission; and
12. Monitor and investigate police anomalies and irregularities.
B. Advise the President on all matters involving police functions
and administration;
C. Render to the President and to Congress an annual report of
its activities and accomplishments during the thirty (30)days
after the end of the calendar year, which shall include an
appraisal of the conditions obtaining in the organization and
administration of police agencies in the municipalities, cities
and provinces throughout the country, and recommendations for
appropriate remedial legislations;
D. Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within
sixty (60) days before the commencement of each calendar year, a
crime prevention program; and
E. Perform such other functions necessary to carry out
the provisions of R.A. 6975, as amended, other existing laws and
Presidential issuances, and as the President may direct.
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COMPOSITION:
- consist of a Chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners
and the Chief of PNP as ex officio member
- shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without
reappointment or extension
- three of the four regular commissioners shall come from
civilian sector and not former members of the police or
military
- the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law
enforcement sector either active or retired
- at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall
be a woman
- from among the three regular commissioners from the
civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be chosen
- the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer
of the Commission
- refer to the organizational structure of the NAPOLCOM

QUALIFICATIONS OF THE REGULAR COMMISSIONERS

- citizens of the Philippines
- lawyers with at least five (5) years experience in
handling criminal or human rights cases; or
- holders of a master’s degree in public administration,
sociology, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement
and other related disciplines

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- composed of:
a) Commission Proper
b) Staff Services
1) Planning and Research
2) Legal Affairs
3) Crime Prevention and Coordination
4) Personnel and Administrative Service
5) Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation
6) Installations and Logistics
7) Financial Service
c) Disciplinary Appellate Boards
1) National Appellate Board
 shall decide cases on appeal from the decisions
rendered by the Chief, PNP

2) Regional Appellate Board

 shall decide cases on appeal from decisions
rendered by the mayor, PLEB, and PNP officers
other than the Chief, PNP
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C. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

- organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551
- a law enforcement agency under the operational control of
the Department of the Interior and Local Government and
administrative supervision of the National Police
Commission
- it is an organization that is national in scope and
civilian in character, as provided by Section 6, Article
16 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:
“The state shall establish and maintain one police force
which shall be national in scope and civilian in
character…”
- headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director
General, appointed by the President and who shall serve
a term of office of four (4) years
-

NATIONAL IN SCOPE
- means that the PNP is a nationwide government
organization whose jurisdiction covers the entire breadth
of the Philippine archipelago
- all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP are
national government employees

CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER
- means that that the PNP is not a part of the military,
although it retains some military attributes such as
discipline

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP

1) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection
of lives and properties;
2) Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to
ensure public safety;
3) Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of
criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice and assist in
their prosecution;
4) Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and
seizure in accordance with the Constitution and pertinent
laws;
5) Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is
prescribed by law, informing the person so detained of all
his rights under the Constitution;
6) Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives
in accordance with law;
 20

7) Supervise and control the training and operations of

security agencies and issue licenses to operate security
agencies and to security guards and private detectives, for
the purpose of their professions.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A POLICE OFFICER

1) He shall be ready at all times to perform his duties and
obey the lawful orders of his superior officers or higher
authority;
2) He shall be responsible for the efficient performance of his
duties and adequate coverage of his beat or post;
3) He shall cooperate and coordinate with the other members of
his relief, district or other division segments so that
their teamwork may ensure continuity of purpose and maximum
achievement of the objectives of the department;
4) He shall be available for duty at all times in case of
special needs or emergencies;
5) He shall respond readily and report punctually to all
assignments;
6) He shall execute the service program within his area of
responsibility providing for prevention of crime, protection
of life and property, apprehension and prosecution of
offenders, preservation of peace and enforcement of
regulatory measures;
7) He shall familiarize himself with administrative and
operational policies of the department;
8) He shall be in prescribed attire and have the required
equipment when reporting for duty;
9) He shall be attentive to instruction and record information
given during the briefing or roll-call training and shall
likewise record his activities during his tour of duty;
10) He shall supervise and inspect all public and licensed
places within his area of responsibility.

ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP

- shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two
(2) deputy chiefs:
1) Deputy Chief for Administration
2) Deputy Chief for Operations
- the Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be
appointed by the President
- no officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall
be appointed Chief
 21

- the PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional

offices, provincial offices, district offices, and city
or municipal stations
- refer to the organizational structure of the Philippine
National Police

CAMP RAFAEL CRAME

- the national headquarters of the Philippine National
Police, located in Quezon City
- houses the offices of the following:
a) Chief, PNP
b) two (2) deputy chiefs
c) Chief, Directorial Staff
d) ten (10) directorial staff
e) nine administrative units
f) ten operational units

POLICE REGIONAL OFFICES

- the PNP is divided into seventeen (17) police regional
offices (PRO), each headed by a Regional Director:
National Capital Region Police Office (NCRO)
PRO 1 to PRO 13
Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR)
Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICES

- for every region, there are provincial offices, each
headed by a Provincial Director
- in large provinces, police districts may be established
to be headed by a District Director
- at the city or municipal levels or stations, each is
headed by a Chief of Police

DISTRICT OFFICES
- NCRPO is divided into five (5) districts, each headed by
a District Director:
Manila Police District (formerly Western Police
District)- Manila
Eastern Police District (EPD) – San Juan, Mandaluyong,
Pasig
Northern Police District (NPD) – Caloocan, Malabon,
Valenzuela
Central Police District (CPD) – Quezon City
Southern Police District (SPD) – Pasay and Makati

PNP ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT UNITS

 22

1) CRIME LABORATORY
- shall provide scientific and technical investigate aid
and support to the PNP and other government investigative
agencies

2) LOGISTICS UNIT
- headed by a Director with the rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
- shall be responsible for the procurement, distribution
and management of all the logistical requirements of the
PNP including firearms and ammunition

3) COMMUNICATIONS UNIT
- shall be responsible for establishing an effective
police communications network

4) COMPUTER CENTER
- shall be responsible for the design, implementation and
maintenance of a database system for the PNP

5) FINANCE CENTER
- shall be responsible for providing finance services to
the PNP

6) CIVIL SECURITY UNIT

- shall provide administrative services and general
supervision over the organization, business operation and
activities of all organized private detectives, watchmen,
security guard agencies and company guard forces

OPERATIONAL SUPPORT UNITS

1) MARITIME POLICE UNIT
- shall perform all police functions over Philippine
territorial waters and rivers

2) POLICE INTELLIGENCE UNIT

- shall serve as the intelligence and counterintelligence
operating unit of the PNP

3) POLICE SECURITY UNIT

- shall provide security for government officials, visiting
dignitaries and private individuals authorized to be given
protection

4) CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION UNIT

- Shall undertake the monitoring, investigation and
prosecution of all crimes involving economic sabotage,
 23

and other crimes of such magnitude and extent as to

indicate their commission by highly placed or
professional criminal syndicates and organizations

5) SPECIAL ACTION FORCE

- shall function as a mobile strike force or reaction unit
to augment regional, provincial, municipal and city police
forces for civil disturbance control, counterinsurgency,
hostage-taking rescue operations and other special operations

6) NARCOTICS UNIT
- shall enforce all laws relative to the protection of the
citizenry against dangerous and other prohibited drugs and
substances

7) AVIATION SECURITY UNIT

- shall secure all the country’s airports against offensive
and terroristic acts that threaten civil aviation, exercise
operational control and supervision over all agencies
involved in airport security operation, and enforce all laws and
regulations relative to air travel protection and safety

8) TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT UNIT

- shall enforce traffic laws and regulations

9) MEDICAL AND DENTAL CENTERS

- shall be responsible for providing medical and dental
services for the PNP

10) CIVIL RELATIONS UNIT

- shall implement plans and programs that will promote
community and citizen’s participation in the
maintenance of peace and order and public safety

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CHIEF PNP

The command and direction of the PNP shall be vested in the

Chief, PNP who shall have the power to:
1) direct and control tactical as well as strategic movements,
deployment, placement, utilization of the PNP or any of its
units and personnel, including its equipment, facilities and
other resources;
2) issue detailed implementing policies and instructions
regarding personnel, funds, properties, records,
correspondence, and such other matters as may be necessary;
 24

3) Dismiss police officers…

MANNING LEVELS (POLICE-TO-POPULATION RATIO)

1:500 – nationwide average
1:1000 – minimum police-to-population ratio

RANK CLASSIFICATION AND ITS COUNTERPART IN THE MILITARY

DIRECTOR GENERAL POLICE GENERAL

DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL POLICE LIEUTENANT GENERAL
DIRECTOR POLICE MAJOR GENERAL
CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT POLICE BRIGADIER GENERAL
SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT POLICE COLONEL
SUPERINTENDENT POLICE LIEUTENANT COLONEL
CHIEF INSPECTOR POLICE MAJOR
SENIOR INSPECTOR POLICE CAPTAIN
INSPECTOR POLICE LIEUTENANT
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 4 POLICE EXECUTIVE MASTER SERGEANT
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 3 POLICE CHIEF MASTER SERGEANT
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 2 POLICE SENIOR MASTER SERGEANT
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 1 POLICE MASTER SERGEANT
POLICE OFFICER 3 POLICE STAFF SERGEANT
POLICE OFFICER 2 POLICE CORPORAL
POLICE OFFICER 1 PATROLMAN/PATROLWOMAN

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER RANKS (NCO)

- POLICE PATROLMAN/PATROLWOMAN to POLICE EXECUTIVE MASTER
SERGEANT

COMMISSIONED OFFICER RANKS (CO)

- POLICE LIEUTENANT TO DIRECTOR POLICE GENERAL

KEY POSITIONS and their CORRESPONDING RANKS IN THE PNP

CHIEF – highest position in the PNP, with the rank of POLICE

GENERAL

DEPUTY CHIEF FOR ADMINISTRATION – the second-in command, with the

rank of DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL

DEPUTY CHIEF FOR OPERATIONS – the third-in-command, with the rank

of DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL

NCR DIRECTOR – with the rank of POLICE MAJOR GENERAL

REGIONAL DIRECTOR - with the rank of POLICE BRIGADIER GENERAL

 25

PROVINCIAL DIRECTOR - with the rank of POLICE COLONEL

NCR DISTRICT DIRECTOR - with the rank of POLICE BRIGADIER

GENERAL

CHIEF OF POLICE – with the rank of POLICE MAJOR

STATUS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PNP

- police officers are employees of the national government
and shall draw their salaries from the national budget
- they shall have the same salary grade level as that of
public school teachers police officers assigned in Metro
Manila, chartered cities and first class municipalities
may be paid financial incentives by the local government
unit concerned subject to availability of funds

GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA 6975, as

amended by RA 8551 and RA 9708)
a) A citizen of the Philippines;
b) A person of good moral conduct;
c) Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and
physical tests to be administered by the PNP or by any
NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the purpose of
determining physical and mental health;
d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized
institution of learning;
- graduate of any four-year course
e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the
Commission;
- Must have passed the board examination given by the
Profession Regulation Commission (PRC) or the NAPOLCOM
Police Entrance Examination
f) Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military
employment or dismissed for cause from any civilian position
in the Government;
g) Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense
or crime involving moral turpitude;
h) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62
m) in height for male and one meter and fifty-seven (1.57 m)
for female;
i) Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5kgs) from
the standard weight corresponding to his or her height, age
and sex; and
j) For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21)
nor more than thirty (30) years of age
 26

Pursuant to RA 9708, “…PNP members who are already in

the service upon the effectivity of Republic Act No. 8551
shall be given five (5) years to obtain the minimum
educational qualification preferably in law enforcement
related courses, to be reckoned from the date of the
effectivity of this amendatory Act: Provided, furthermore,
That for concerned PNP members rendering more than fifteen
(15) years of service and who have exhibited exemplary
performance as determined by the Commission, shall no longer
be required to comply with the aforementioned minimum
educational requirement.”

EXAMINATION AND ELIGIBILITY

The National Police Commission shall administer the entrance

and promotional examinations for police officers on the basis of
the standards set by the Commission (as amended by RA 8551).

POLICE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION – taken by applicants of the PNP

POLICE PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATIONS – taken by in-service police

officers as part of the mandatory requirements for promotion

POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION

SENIOR POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION
INSPECTOR EXAMINATION
SUPERINTENDENT EXAMINATION

Police officers, who are LICENSED CRIMINOLOGISTS, no longer

need to take the Police Promotional Examinations as part of the
requirements for promotion. As PRC BOARD PASSERS, they have
already complied with the eligibility requirement.

“Due to the modification of the PNP rank classification under

Republic Act No. 11200, the current promotional examination
titles are no longer appropriate with the present rank
classification, hence, it has to be renamed,” Casurao said in a
statement on Tuesday.

The new examination titles and the corresponding rank coverage

are as follows:
 27

Police Officer 1st Class Examination for Police Major and Police
Lieutenant Colonel (formerly Police Superintendent Examination
for Chief Inspector and Superintendent);

Police Officer 2nd Class Examination for Police Lieutenant and

Police Captain (formerly Police Inspector Examination for
Inspector and Senior Inspector); Police Officer 3rd Class
Examination for Police Master Sergeant, Police Senior Master
Sergeant, Police Chief Master Sergeant and Police Executive
Master Sergeant (formerly Senior Police Officer Examination for
Senior Police Officer I to IV); and, Police Officer 4th Class
Examination for Police Corporal and Police Staff Sergeant
(formerly Police Officer Examination for Police Officer II and
III).

RA 11200 entitled “An Act Providing for the Rank Classification

in the Philippine National Police, amending for the purpose
Section 28 of Republic Act No. 6975, as amended, otherwise known
as the "Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of
1990" was signed into law by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on
February 8, 2019 and implemented by the PNP on March 25, 2019.
Said law modifies the rank classification in the PNP and
standardizes how police officers are addressed.

On February 8, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic

Act 11200, which standardizes the way PNP officers are called.
28
 29

APPOINTMENT OF UNIFORMED PNP PERSONNEL

POLICE PATROLMAN/PATROLWOMAN TO POLICE EXECUTIVE MASTER SERGEANT
– appointed by the Regional Director for regional personnel or by
the Chief, PNP for the national headquarters
POLICE LIEUTENANT TO POLICE LIEUTENANT COLONEL – appointed by the
Chief, PNP
POLICE COLONEL TO DEPUTY POLICE LIEUTENANT GENERAL – appointed by
the President upon recommendation of the Chief, PNP, subject to
confirmation by the Commission on Appointments
POLICE GENERAL – appointed by the President from among the senior
officers down to the rank of Police Brigadier General, subject to
the confirmation of the Commission on Appointments

KINDS OF APPOINTMENT

1) PERMANENT – when an applicant possesses the upgraded general

qualifications for appointment in the PNP
2) TEMPORARY – when the appointment of an applicant is under
the waiver program due to weight requirements pending
satisfaction of the requirement waived

LATERAL ENTRY OF OFFICERS

- admission to the PNP with the initial rank of Police
Lieutenant or Police Captain of qualified applicants
belonging to certain professions

POLICE LIEUTENANT RANK:

- dentists, optometrists, nurses, engineers, graduates of
forensic sciences, graduates of the Philippine National
Police Academy and licensed criminologists

POLICE CAPTAIN RANK:

- chaplains, members of the bar and doctors of medicine

WAIVERS FOR INITIAL APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA 8551)

The age, height, weight and educational requirements for

initial appointment to the PNP may be waived only when the number
of qualified applicants falls below the minimum annual quota,
provided:

1) That an applicant shall not be below twenty (20) nor over

thirty-five (35) years of age; and
2) That any applicant not meeting the weight requirement shall
be given reasonable time but not to exceed six (6) months
within which to comply with the said requirement;
 30

3) That the waiver for height requirement shall be

automatically granted to applicants belonging to the
cultural minorities

SELECTION CRITERIA UNDER THE WAIVER PROGRAM

1) Applicants who possess the least disqualification shall take
precedence over those who possess more disqualification;
2) The requirement shall be waived in the following order: age,
height, weight and education.

PROMOTION
- the upgrading of ranks and/or advancement to a position
of leadership

KINDS OF PROMOTION

1. REGULAR – promotion granted to police officers meeting the

mandatory requirements for promotion
2. SPECIAL – promotion granted to police officers who has
exhibited acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry at the
risk of his/her life above and beyond the call of duty

CONSPICUOUS COURAGE
- courage that is clearly distinguished above others in the
performance of one’s duty

MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROMOTION

1. Educational attainment – applicable in promotion in position

2. Completion of appropriate training/schooling, such as:

Masteral Degree - Police Brigadier General and above
Officers Senior Executive Course (OSEC) – Police Lieutenant
Colonel to Police Colonel
Officers Advance Course (OAC) – Police Major
Officers Basic Course (OBC) – Police Captain
Officers Candidate Course (OCC) – Police Executive Master
Sergeant
Senior Leadership Course (SLC) – Police Chief Master
Sergeant to Police Executive Master Sergeant
Junior Leadership Course (JLC) – Police Staff Sergeant to
Police Master Sergeant

3. Time-in Grade – the number of years required for a police

officer to hold a certain rank before he can be promoted to
the next higher rank
1 year – from Police Colonel to Police Lieutenant General
 31

3 years – from Police Lieutenant Colonel to Police Colonel

5 years – Police Major to Police Lieutenant Colonel
5 years – Police Captain to Police Major
3 years – Police Lieutenant to Police Captain
3 years – Police Executive Master Sergeant to Police
Lieutenant
2 years – Police Chief Master Sergeant to Police Executive
Master Sergeant
2 years – Police Senior Master Sergeant to Police Chief
Master Sergeant
2 years – Police Master Sergeant to Police Senior Master
Sergeant
2 years – Police Staff Sergeant to Police Master Sergeant
1 year – Police Corporal to Police Staff Sergeant
5 years – Police Patrolman/Patrolwoman to Police Corporal

4. Appropriate eligibility – the required promotional

examinations
POLICE OFFICER PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION
POLICE INSPECTOR PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION
POLICE SUPERINTENDENT PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION
Exemptions:
Bar and PRC board examination passers (RA 1080)
LICENSED CRIMINOLOGISTS (RA 6506)
Honor Graduates (PD 907)

Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has less than
one (1) year of service before reaching the compulsory retirement
age shall be promoted to a higher rank or appointed to any other
position.

Pursuant to RA 9708, “…In addition, the institution of a

criminal action or complaint against a police officer shall not
be a bar to promotion: Provided, however, That upon finding of
probable cause, notwithstanding any challenge that may be raised
against that finding thereafter, the concerned police officer
shall be ineligible for promotion: Provided, further, That if the
case remains unresolved after two (2) years from the
aforementioned determination of probable cause, he or she shall
be considered for promotion. In the event he or she is held
guilty of the crime by final judgment, said promotion shall be
recalled without prejudice to the imposition of the appropriate
penalties under applicable laws, rules and regulations: Provided,
furthermore, That if the complaint filed against the police
officer is for a crime including, but not limited to, a violation
of human rights, punishable by reclusion perpetua or life
 32

imprisonment, and the court has determined that the evidence of

guilt is strong, said police officer shall be completely
ineligible for promotion during the pendency of the said criminal
case.”

ATTRITION (RA 8551)

- the downsizing of personnel in the PNP on the basis
provided by law.

MODES OF ATTRITION
1) ATTRITION BY ATTAINMENT OF MAXIMUM TENURE
- those who have reached the prescribed maximum tenure
corresponding to their position shall be retired from the
service
Chief 4 years
Deputy Chief 4 years
Director of Staff Services 4 years
Regional Directors 6 years
Provincial/District Directors 9 years
other positions higher than
Provincial Director 6 years

2) ATTRITION BY RELIEF
- those who have been relieved for just cause and have not
been given an assignment within TWO (2) YEARS after such
relief shall be retired or separated

3) ATTRITION BY DEMOTION IN POSITION OR RANK

- those who are relieved and assigned to a position lower
than what is established for his or her grade in the PNP
staffing pattern and who shall not be assigned to a
position commensurate to his or her grade within EIGHTEEN
(18) MONTHS after such demotion shall be retired or
separated

4) ATTRITION BY NON-PROMOTION
- those who have not been promoted for a continuous period
of TEN (10) YEARS shall be retired or separated

5) ATTRITION BY OTHER MEANS

- those who have at least five (5) years of active service
shall be separated based on any of the following:
a) inefficiency based on poor performance during the last
two (2) successive annual rating periods;
b) inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3)
cumulative annual rating periods;
 33

c) physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police

functions and duties; or
d) failure to pass the required entrance examinations
twice and/or finish the required career courses except
for justifiable reasons

RETIREMENT
- the separation of the police personnel from the service
by reason of reaching the age of retirement provided by
law, or upon completion of certain number of years in
active service

A PNP uniformed personnel shall retire to the next higher

rank for purposes of retirement pay.

ACTIVE SERVICE
- shall refer to services rendered as an officer and non-
officer, cadet, trainee or draftee in the PNP

KINDS OF RETIREMENT
1) COMPULSORY – upon reaching the age FIFTY-SIX (56), the age
of retirement
2) OPTIONAL – upon completion of TWENTY (20) YEARS of active
service

RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Monthly retirement pay shall be FIFTY PERCENT (50%) of the

base pay in case of twenty years of active service, increasing by
TWO AND ONE-HALF PERCENT (2.5%) for every year of active service
rendered beyond twenty years.

RETIREMENT DUE TO PERMANENT PHYSICAL DISABILITY

A PNP uniformed personnel who is permanently and totally

disabled as a result of injuries suffered or sickness contracted
in the performance of his duty shall be entitled to ONE YEAR’S
SALARY and to a LIFETIME PENSION equivalent to EIGHTY PERCENT
(80%) of his last salary, in addition to other benefits.

Should such PNP personnel die within FIVE (5) YEARS from his
retirement due to physical disability, his legal spouse or
legitimate children shall be entitled to receive the pension for
the remainder of the five year-period.

ABSENCE WITHOUT OFFICIAL LEAVE (AWOL)

 34

- failure to report for duty without official notice for a

period of THIRTY (30) DAYS

MISSING IN ACTION (MIA)

- any PNP personnel who, while in the performance of duty
or by reason of his being an officer or member of the
PNP, is officially confirmed missing in action, kidnapped
or captured by lawless elements shall be entitled to
receive or to have credited to his account the same pay
and allowances to which such officer or uniformed member
was entitled at the time of the incident

CREATION OF WOMEN’S DESK

- provided by RA 8551
- women’s desk in all police stations shall administer and
attend to cases involving crimes against chastity, sexual
harassment, abuses committed against women and children
and other similar offenses
- the PNP shall reserve TEN PERCENT (10%) of its annual
recruitment, training and education quota for women
- policewomen shall enjoy the same opportunities in terms
of assignment, promotion and other benefits and
privileges extended to all police officers

PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVES IN THE

ADMINISTRATION OF PNP

OPERATIONAL SUPERVISION
- shall mean the power to direct, superintend and oversee
the day-to-day functions of police investigation of
crime, crime prevention activities and traffic control
- shall also include the power to direct the employment and
deployment of units or elements of the PNP, through the
station commander, to ensure public safety and effective
maintenance of peace and order within the locality

EMPLOYMENT
- refers to utilization of units or elements of the PNP for
purposes of protection of lives and properties,
enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and order,
prevention of crimes, arrest of criminal offenders and
bringing the offenders to justice and ensuring public
safety, particularly in the suppression of disorders,
riots, lawlessness, violence, rebellious and seditious
conspiracy, insurgency, subversion or other related
activities
 35

DEPLOYMENT
- shall mean the orderly and organized physical movement of
elements or units of the PNP within the province, city or
municipality for purposes of employment

POWER OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR

- he has the power to choose his PROVINCIAL DIRECTOR from a
list of three (3) eligibles recommended by the PNP
Regional Director

POWER OF THE CITY AND MUNICIPAL MAYOR

- he has the power to choose his CHIEF OF POLICE from a
list of five (5) eligibles recommended by the provincial
police director
- he has the authority to recommend to the provincial
director the transfer, reassignment or detail of PNP
members outside of their respective city or town
- the control and supervision of anti-gambling operations
shall be within the jurisdiction of local government
executives

DISCIPLINARY MECHANISMS OF THE PNP

INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS)

- created by RA 8551

FUNCTIONS OF THE IAS

1) pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP personnel
and units;
2) investigate complaints and gather evidence in support of an
open investigation;
3) conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing
administrative charges;
4) submit a periodic report on the assessment, analysis, and
evaluation of the character and behavior of PNP personnel
and units to the Chief PNP and the Commission;
5) file appropriate criminal cases against PNP members before
the court as evidence warrants and assists in the
prosecution of the case;
6) provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman in cases
involving the personnel of the PNP;
 36

The IAS shall also conduct, motu propio (on its own
initiative), automatic investigation of the following cases:

1) incidents where a police personnel discharges a firearm;

2) incidents where death, serious physical injury, or any
violation of human rights occurred in the conduct of a
police operation;
3) incidents where evidence was compromised, tampered with,
obliterated, or lost while in the custody of police
personnel;
4) incidents where a suspect in the custody of the police was
seriously injured; and
5) incidents where the established rules of engagement have
been violated.

The IAS shall recommend promotion of the members of the PNP or

the assignment of PNP personnel to any key position.

ORGANIZATION OF IAS
- headed by the INSPECTOR GENERAL who is a CIVILIAN and
appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the
Director General (Chief, PNP)
- the Inspector General shall be assisted by a Deputy
Inspector General
- there shall be national, regional and provincial offices
- the national office shall be headed by the Inspector
General, the regional offices by a Director, and the
provincial offices by a Superintendent

ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS TO IAS

1) entry shall be voluntary
2) PNP personnel with at least five (5) years experience in law
enforcement
3) with no derogatory service record
4) members of the bar may enter the service laterally

CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND INCENTIVES

- IAS personnel shall be granted occupational specialty pay
which shall not exceed FIFTY PERCENT (50%) of his base
pay
- IAS personnel shall also have priorities in the quota
allocation for training and education

DISCIPLINARY RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE IAS

- any PNP personnel found guilty of any of the cases
mentioned and any immediate superior found negligent
 37

shall be recommended automatically for dismissal or

demotion
- recommendation by the IAS, once final, cannot be revised,
set-aside or unduly delayed without just cause
- decisions rendered by the provincial inspectors shall be
forwarded to the regional office for review within ten
(10) days
- decisions of the regional office may be appealed to the
national office
- decisions rendered by the national IAS shall be appealed
to the National Appellate Board

PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)

- a body created pursuant to RA 6975
- one of the disciplinary authorities of the PNP authorized
to handle and investigate citizen’s complaint
- the central receiving entity for any citizen’s complaint
against the PNP members
- shall be created by the sangguniang panlungssod/bayan in
every city and municipality as may be necessary
- there shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every five
hundred (500) city or municipal police personnel
- membership in the PLEB is a civic duty

COMPOSITION OF PLEB
- PLEB shall be composed of five (5) members who shall be
as follows:
any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan
any barangay chairman of the locality concerned
three other members to be chosen by the local peace and
order council from among the members of the community
- for the three other members, the following conditions
must be met:
one must be a woman
one must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the
principal of an elementary school in the locality
- the CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from among its
members
- the term of office of the members of the PLEB is THREE
(3) YEARS

PROCEDURE IN THE PLEB

 38

- the procedure shall be summary in nature, conducted in

accordance with due process but without strict regard to
technical rules of evidence
- cases handled by PLEB shall be decided by majority votes
of its members
- each case shall be decided within SIXTY (60) DAYS from
the time it has been filed with the PLEB
- the decision of the PLEB shall become final and
executory, except for decisions involving demotion or
dismissal from the service
- decisions involving demotion or dismissal from the
service may be appealed with the REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD
within TEN (10) DAYS from receipt of the copy of the
decision

ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY MACHINERIES IN THE PNP

A) CITIZEN’S COMPLAINTS
- pertains to any complaint initiated by a private citizen
or his duly authorized representative on account of an
injury, damage or disturbance sustained due to an
irregular or illegal act committed by a member of the PNP

DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITIES FOR CITIZEN’S COMPLAINTS

1) CHIEF OF POLICE
- where the offense is punishable by withholding of
privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension
or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for
a period not exceeding FIFTEEN (15) DAYS

2) CITY/MUNICIPAL MAYORS
- where the offense is punishable by withholding of
privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension
or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for
a period not less than SIXTEEN but not exceeding THIRTY
(30) DAYS

3) PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)

- where the offense is punishable by withholding of
privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension
or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for
a period exceeding THIRTY (30) DAYS, or by DISMISSAL

B) BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE

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- refers to any offense committed by a member of the PNP

involving and affecting order and discipline within the
police organization

MINOR OFFENSE
- shall refer to an act or omission not involving moral
turpitude but affecting the internal discipline of the
PNP, and shall include but not be limited to:
a) simple misconduct or negligence
b) insubordination
c) frequent absences or tardiness
d) habitual drunkenness
e) gambling prohibited by law

DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITIES FOR BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE

1) CHIEF OF POLICE
- may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or
reprimand; restriction to specified limits; withholding
of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any
combination of the foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING
FIFTEEN (15) DAYS

2) PROVINCIAL DIRECTORS
- may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or
reprimand; restriction to specified limits; withholding
of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any
combination of the foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING
THIRTY (30) DAYS

3) REGIONAL DIRECTORS
- may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or
reprimand; restriction to specified limits; withholding
of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension;
demotion; or any combination of the foregoing for a
period NOT EXCEEDING SIXTY (60) DAYS

4) CHIEF OF THE PNP

- shall have the power to impose the disciplinary
punishment of dismissal from the service; suspension or
forfeiture of salary; demotion; or any combination of
the foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING ONE HUNDRED
EIGHTY (180) DAYS

SUMMARY DISMISSAL POWERS

 40

- the NAPOLCOM, PNP Chief and Regional Directors have

summary dismissal powers in any of the following cases:
1) when the charge is serious and the evidence of guilt is
strong
2) when the respondent is a recidivist or has been
repeatedly charged and there are reasonable grounds to
believe that he is guilty of the charges; and
3) when the respondent is guilty of a serious offense
involving conduct unbecoming of a police officer

DISCIPLINARY APPELATE BOARDS

- formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery of
the National Police Commission
- tasked to hear cases on appeal from the different
disciplinary authorities in the PNP
- composed of the following:
1) NATIONAL APPELLATE BOARD
o shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by
the PNP Chief and the National Internal Affairs Service
o shall be composed of the four (4) regular commissioners
and shall be chaired by the executive officer
2) REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD
o shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by
the Regional Director, Provincial Director, Chief of
Police, the city or municipal mayor and the PLEB
o there shall be at least one (1) regional appellate
board per administrative region

D. BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION (BFP)

- created by virtue of RA 6975
- initially composed of the officers and uniformed members
of the fire service of the former Integrated National
Police

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BFP

1) shall be responsible for the prevention and suppression
of all destructive fires on buildings, houses and other
structures, forests, land transportation vehicles and
equipment, ships or vessels docked at piers or wharves or
anchored in major seaports, petroleum industry
installations, plane crashes and other similar incidents
2) shall be responsible for the enforcement of the Fire Code
of the Philippines and other similar laws
3) shall have the power to investigate all causes of fires,
and if necessary, file the proper complaints with the
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city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over

the case

0RGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION

- shall be headed by a CHIEF, with the rank of DIRECTOR, to
be assisted by a DEPUTY CHIEF with the rank of CHIEF
SUPERINTENDENT
- shall be composed of provincial offices, district offices
and city or municipal fire stations
- at the provincial level, there shall be an OFFICE OF THE
PROVINCIAL FIRE MARSHALL
- in case of large provinces, there shall be DISTRICT
OFFICES to be headed by a DISTRICT FIRE MARSHALL
- at the city or municipal level, there shall be a FIRE
STATION each headed by a CITY OR MUNICIPAL FIRE MARSHALL

RANK CLASSIFICATION

DIRECTOR
CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT
SUPERINTENDENT
CHIEF INSPECTOR
SENIOR INSPECTOR
INSP
SENIOR FIRE OFFICER 4
SENIOR FIRE OFFICER 3
SENIOR FIRE OFFICER 2
SENIOR FIRE OFFICER 1
FIRE OFFICER 3
FIRE OFFICER 2
FIRE OFFICER 1

E. BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP)

- created by virtue of RA 6975
- initially composed by the officers and uniformed members of
the former Jail Management and Penology Service

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BJMP

- shall exercise supervision and control over all city and
municipal jails; however, the provincial jails shall be
supervised and controlled by the provincial governor within
his jurisdiction

ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION

 42

- shall be headed by a CHIEF with the rank of DIRECTOR, to

be assisted by a DEPUTY CHIEF with the rank of CHIEF
SUPERINTENDENT
- shall be composed of city and municipal jails each headed
by a city or municipal jail warden

RANK CLASSIFICATION

DIRECTOR
CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT
SUPERINTENDENT
CHIEF INSPECTOR
SENIOR INSPECTOR
INSP
SENIOR JAIL OFFICER 4
SENIOR JAIL OFFICER 3
SENIOR JAIL OFFICER 2
SENIOR JAIL OFFICER 1
JAIL OFFICER 3
JAIL OFFICER 2
JAIL OFFICER 1

RA 9263 - Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail Management

and Penology Professionalization Act of 2004
- approved on 10 March 2004
- provided for the professionalization of the BFP
and BJMP

RA 9592 – amendatory law to RA 9263

- approved on 8 May 2009
- amended the provision on the minimum educational
qualification

F. PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SAFETY COLLEGE (PPSC)

- created by virtue of RA 6975

FUNCTION OF THE PPSC

- shall be the premier educational institution for the
training, human resource development and continuing
education of all personnel of the PNP, BFP and BJMP

ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION

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- shall be under the direct supervision of a Board of

Trustees composed of the Secretary of the DILG and the
three (3) bureau heads (PNP, BFP and BJMP)
- shall consist of the Philippine National Police Academy,
the National Police College, the Philippine National
Training Institute and other training centers as may be
created

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

1) formulate and implement training programs for the
personnel of the Department;
2) establish and maintain adequate physical training
facilities;
3) develop and implement research and development to support
educational training programs;
4) conduct an assessment of the training needs of the
bureaus;
5) perform such other related functions as may be prescribed
by the Secretary

G. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY (PNPA)

- created pursuant to Section 13 of Presidential Decree No
1184
- a primary component of the Philippine Public Safety College
(PPSC)
- the premier educational institution for future officers of
the Philippine National Police (PNP), Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP)
- upon completion of training, graduates will be conferred the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Public Safety (BSPS) and
appointed as Police/Fire/Jail Inspector