Dynamics Extra Practice

Note: Questions with ** are challenging.

Newton’s Laws of Motion

1.​ Describe the forces acting in the following situations and explain if they are or are not
examples of Newton’s first Law:
a.​ A book sits motionless on a table

b.​ An airplane flies through the air at a constant speed

c.​ An elevator starts from rest and begins to travel from the first to the fifth floor

2.​ Use Newton’s first law to explain what why people are injured in car accidents when they do
not wear seat belts.

3.​ A 1000 kg car accelerates at +1.5 m/s2. Determine the net force applied to the car.

4.​ A car is accelerating at a rate of 3.0 m/s2. If the net force is doubled and the mass is tripled
what will the new acceleration be?

5.​ A force of 350 N is applied to a 75 kg box.

b.​ If the box was originally at rest what would its velocity be after 2.0 s?

6.​ ***A physics student attempted to demonstrate Newton’s 2nd law. She pulled a cart with
varying forces as shown below.
a.​ Graph this data. What is the manipulated and the
responding variable?

b.​ Identify any outliers.

c.​ Use your graph to determine the mass of the cart.

7.​ In a three-way tug of war three teams pull on a rope with the following forces:
F1 = 30 N East
F2 = 20 N North
F3 = 50 N West
 Determine the net force and the acceleration of the rope.

8.​ Two people are pushing a broken car (m = 650 kg). The first person pushes with a force of
425 N and the second person pushes with a force of 250 N. Friction acts in the opposite
direction with a force of 380 N. Determine the acceleration of the car.

Newton’s Third Law

1.​ The space shuttle has a mass of 2.1 x 106 kg. During lift off it applies a force of 2.8 x 106 lbs of
thrust ( 1 lbs ≈ 4.4 N). The earth has a mass of 5.98 x 1024 kg. Draw a diagram showing the
action reaction pair and calculate the acceleration of the shuttle and of the earth.

2.​ Find action reaction pairs in the following situations:

a.​ Throwing a basketball

b.​ A parachute ‘splat’ landing

c.​ Hockey Body check

3.​ While in space a 75 kg astronaut throws a 4.5 kg wrench. The wrench is accelerated over a
distance of 1.0 m and reaches a final velocity of 20 m/s.
a.​ Determine the magnitude of the force applied to the wrench. What is applying this
force?

b.​ What is the magnitude of the force acting on the astronaut?

c.​ What is the acceleration of the astronaut?

d.​ What will the astronaut’s final velocity be?

Normal Force & Weight

1.​ Calculate your weight on Earth.

3.​ Mike the mighty explorer has a mass of 60 kg. If his weight on the sun is 1.6 x 104 N
determine the acceleration due to gravity on the sun.

4.​ Calculate the Normal force acting on a 13.5 kg object resting on an inclined plane at 30.0o.

5.​ A 60 kg athlete skies down a 350 slope. Determine her normal force.

6.​ **While on a incline Mike the mighty explorer experiences a normal force of 400 N. If Mike’s
mass is 60 kg determine the angle the incline is raised at.

Applications of Newton’s Laws

1.​ A tightrope walker experiences a force of gravity of 400 N while standing on a rope. What is
the magnitude of the force supporting him?

2.​ Mike the mighty explorer is driving his car along a flat road at a constant speed. The engine
is applying a force of 1.2 x 103 N.
a.​ Draw an F.B.D. representing this situation.

b.​ What is the force of static friction?

3.​ Determine the unknown force of tension if the mass below does not accelerate.the mass is
10 kg
 4.​ Mike the mighty explorer is pushing a 35.0 kg crate. Mike applies a force of 100 N and a 75.0
N frictional force opposes Mike. Determine the acceleration of the crate.

5.​ While riding at a constant speed in an elevator a man has a weight of 670 N. What would a
scale read if the elevator was accelerating upwards at 1.0 m/s2? Downwards at 1.0 m/s2?

6.​ Mike the mighty explorer has a mass of 85.0 kg. While riding on an elevator he pulls out his
trusty bathroom scale. As the elevator stops it gives a reading of 730 N. Was it moving up or
down? If it was moving at 6.5 m/s how long would it take to stop?

Universal Gravity

1.​ Determine the force of gravity between you and the person nearest to you.

2.​ Mike the mighty explorer (m = 60kg) is attracted (gravitationally) to his pet aardvark (m = 15
kg). If they are 2.5 m apart, determine the force of (gravitational) attraction between them.

3.​ The gravitational force between two objects of equal mass is 3.5 x 10-9 N when the objects
are separated by 3.5 m. Determine each objects mass.

4.​ a) If two objects each with mass m are separated by distance d what equation represents the
force of gravity between them?

b) If one of the masses is increased to 2m how many times greater will the new force of gravity
be?

c) If both masses are m but the separation is doubled how many times greater will the new
gravitational force be?

d) If one mass is tripled and the separation is doubled how many times greater will the new
gravitational force be?
 5.​ Three medicine balls are placed in a row as shown below. Determine the Net Force acting on
the middle ball. What is its acceleration?

Gravitational Fields

1.​ The International Space Station orbits 400 km above the surface. On the space station Mr.
Doktor experiences a gravitational force of 521 N. Determine the gravitational field strength
at this point.

2.​ Calculate the gravitational field strength at the surface of the Earth (r = 6.38 x 106 m and m
=5.98 x 1024 kg).

3.​ The closest black hole to Earth is Cygnus X-1. It has a mass of 3.0 x 1031 kg (15 times larger
than the sun!) and a radius of 44 km.
a.​ Determine the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of this black hole.

b.​ What would your weight be ‘on’ Cygnus X-1?

Friction

1.​ A 5.0 kg block is sliding across a horizontal table with a coefficient of friction of 0.25. What is
the force of friction?
 2.​ A force of 14 N is needed to keep a 40 N block moving at a constant velocity. What is the
coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface?

3.​ Peter and Michael are sliding a 300 kg safe across the floor to their getaway car. The safe
slides with a constant speed if Peter pushes from behind with a force of 300 N and Michael
pulls with a rope from in front with a force of 390 N. What is the coefficient of friction
between the safe and the floor? (0.23)

4.​ What force is required to give a 70 kg person an acceleration of 0.82 m/s2 if the coefficient
friction is 0.422?

5.​ A force of 700 N was applied to a 500 kg piano giving it an acceleration of 0.25 m/s2. What is
the coefficient of kinetic friction?

Forces in 2D

1.​ A 20 kg box is being pulled across a horizontal surface that has μ = 0.25. Determine the
acceleration of the box if:
a.​ The box was pulled horizontally with a force of 60 N.

b.​ The box was pulled by a rope as shown below:

1.​ A force of 15 N is applied against a wall at an angle of 300 to the horizontal. How much force
is directed horizontally and vertically?

2.​ A 15.0 kg wagon is accelerated by a force of 20 N along its handle. If the handle is pulled at
an angle of 200 to the horizontal what is the wagon’s acceleration?

3.​ To push a 35.0 kg lawnmower Mike the mighty explorer applies a force of 120 N down the
handle at an angle of 55.0o to the vertical. Along what line does the lawnmower accelerate?
At what rate does it accelerate?

Inclined Planes

1.​ A 1.5 kg book slides at a constant velocity down a 300 incline plane. Determine the
coefficient of friction between the incline and the book.

2.​ A 50 kg box at the top of a 30o inclined plane slides down, accelerating at 2.5 m/s2. What is
the coefficient of friction between the ramp and the box?

3.​ Mike the mighty explorer (m = 55 kg) is having fun at a park. He slides down a straight slide
that is inclined at a 380. During this time he is acted upon by his weight, normal force, and
kinetic friction.
a.​ Draw a FBD

b.​ How large is the normal force

c.​ What does the coefficient of friction need to stop him from accelerating?

d.​ If the length of the ramp was 18 m what was the velocity of the box at the bottom of
the ramp?

4.​ A piano (250 kg) is being loaded onto a truck by a ramp angled at 200. A worker pushes the
piano up the ramp with a force of 1500 N. The coefficient of friction between the piano and
ramp is 0.10. Determine the acceleration of the piano.