Chapter-1-Introduction-to-Information-Technology
Chapter-1-Introduction-to-Information-Technology
Learning Objectives
Learning Contents
Concepts of ICT and IT
What is Information Technology?
What is Information and Communication Technology?
There are many ways we can access information. What matters is that we have easy
access to the information when we need it. It is especially beneficial for businesses that
need to keep up with the latest technology trends.
Thanks to IT, businesses can now come up with new ideas and products faster than
ever before. They can prototype their products and get them to the market quickly.
By using technology, marketers can test them with real customers. They can also use
technology to create better customer experiences and find new ways to increase sales.
The ease with which people can communicate using text, photographs, and video has
never been greater. We must recognize that merely the use of technology is dangerous;
otherwise, nothing can compare to the level of comfort we have in our lives through
technology.
In addition, students can use technology to present their work more professionally. They
can also use it to collaborate with their classmates on school projects.
Employers can find the best candidates for the job without spending a lot of time and
money. Job seekers can also use technology to improve their resumes, cover letters,
and networking skills.
Tech-savvy employees can provide more quality work in a shorter amount of time. Also,
they can use technology to collaborate with their co-workers on projects, which will
improve workplace productivity.
In addition, employers can use IT to track employee productivity and find ways to
improve it.
Businesses can conduct market research with the click of a button. They as well can
communicate more effectively with their customers and prospects through email
campaigns and social media networks.
Storing data and maintaining its integrity is no issue thanks to IT. It also helps to mine
the data and predict future situations. Hence information technology aids in making
informed decisions for all businesses and marketers.
The use of computers and the internet to conduct business is only increasing, and
technologies are becoming more sophisticated. There is no doubt that technology has
had a significant impact on the operations of banks and the services they provide.
Business becomes profitable. In addition, technology creates new jobs, which helps
reduce unemployment rates. The economy of any country depends on the services and
products, which make it easier to achieve goals.
Technology may aid in the solving of crimes by providing a more efficient method of
working that allows investigators to look at all relevant evidence quickly. Integration via
API is the most efficient technique to keep crime data current and search AI systems for
suitable evidence.
Police officers can use information technology to track down criminals by searching
through vast criminal database records. In addition, they can use technology to monitor
social media networks for criminal activity.
Health information technology allows for better access to and adherence to standards.
IT allows for the management of patient health information in computerized systems
and the secure exchange of patient information between consumers, providers, payers,
and quality monitors.
In addition, it has improved medical research and made treatment for diseases more
effective.
It has allowed people to connect on a global scale, which has led to more open
communication and understanding.
This, in turn, has helped people become more educated and enlightened.
By using information technology, businesses can train their computers to learn and
make decisions on their own. It allows organizations to save time and resources and
makes them more efficient.
Artificial intelligence is gaining popularity and prominence in today’s new paradigm. This
is since it will bring about a whole new era of transformation. It will provide humanity
with rest and, perhaps, one of modern technology’s greatest blessings.
1. Computing
Computing is a known goal-oriented activity that requires creating computer machinery.
It includes studying as well as experimenting with algorithm processing with the
development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific,
engineering, and tons of social aspects.
2. Software
The software comprises a set of instructions, data, and programs that operate the
computer and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware which primarily
describes the physical aspect of the computer.
3. Platforms
The platform is a hybrid of both hardware and software architecture. It is a foundation
based on other applications, processes, and technologies developed. This is the place
where software applications are primarily run.
4. Networks
Computer networks primarily concern themselves with interconnecting computing
devices and exchanging data and resources with one another. These networks use a
5. APIs
The full form of API is Application Programming Interface. It deals with any software
with a distinctive function. The interface in this aspect can be considered a contract of
service between two applications. This defines the method of communicating between
the networks through requests and responses.
6. Data
Data is a piece of information that has been translated as an efficient form of movement
or processing. Considering today's translation media, data plays a significant role to be
converted into a binary digital form. Data can be accepted as both singulars as well as
plural subjects.
7. Databases
A database is an organized collection of structured data or information stored
electronically in a computer system. It is looked after by the DataBase Management
System (DBMS).
8. Data Synchronization
Data synchronization is a form of embedded middleware that allows the application to
update data on two systems simultaneously. This helps the data set to be identical.
These services could be run on a variety of transportation methods that will only
typically require some application-specific knowledge or notion of the data to be
synchronized.
9. Data Storage
This consists of retaining information by using technologically specific developed forms
of Information Technology and making it accessible if it deems fit. Data storage refers to
recording media and retaining the data using a computer or other devices.
10. Analytics
Analytics has a catch-all term of variety in different places of business intelligence and
applications that relate to these initiatives. The process of analyzing information with the
help of a particular domain is known as website analytics, an important aspect of
Information Technology.
13. Monitoring
It is the process to gather metrics regarding the IT operations with environment
hardware and software that will ensure every function is done as expected to support
applications and other services.
19. Communications
Communications play a vital role in Information Technology. It is an umbrella that
includes any communication device encompassing the segments of television, cellular
20. Cybersecurity
Cyber security protects internet-connected systems for hardware and software data
from the verge of cyber threats. Individuals and other enterprises, therefore, use the
practice to protect themselves against unauthorized access to data centers and other
computerized systems.
21. Infrastructure
Infrastructure is known to be the systems of hardware and software that facilitate
software components to support the delivery of business systems with the help of any
IT-enabled procedures.
25. Robotics
This function is made by a bunch of combinations of programming and algorithms that
manipulators and actuators remotely control with the help of a control system that
facilitates action, processing, and perception with the help of real-time sensors. The
goal of robotics is to design machines and make the lives of humans easier.
Digital Data is data that represents other forms of data using specific
machine language systems that can be interpreted by various technologies. The
most fundamental of these systems is a binary system, which simply stores complex
audio, video or text information in a series of binary characters, traditionally ones and
zeros, or «on» and «off» values.
However, ICT commonly means more than its list of components, though. It
also encompasses the application of all those various components.
This includes the monitor, hard drive, memory and the CPU. Hardware works
hand-in-hand with firmware and software to make a computer function. Hardware is
only one part of a computer system; there is also firmware, which is embedded into
the hardware and directly controls it.