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Dbms Topic

The document provides a comprehensive overview of database concepts, covering topics such as the differences between DBMS and file-processing systems, data models, relational database concepts, SQL, transaction management, and advanced topics like distributed databases and data warehousing. It discusses various data models including ER and EER, keys, integrity constraints, normalization, and SQL basics and advanced features. Additionally, it addresses storage and indexing techniques, concurrency control, recovery methods, and security measures in database management.

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MS Dusss
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11 views3 pages

Dbms Topic

The document provides a comprehensive overview of database concepts, covering topics such as the differences between DBMS and file-processing systems, data models, relational database concepts, SQL, transaction management, and advanced topics like distributed databases and data warehousing. It discusses various data models including ER and EER, keys, integrity constraints, normalization, and SQL basics and advanced features. Additionally, it addresses storage and indexing techniques, concurrency control, recovery methods, and security measures in database management.

Uploaded by

MS Dusss
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Databases

1. Difference between DBMS and file-processing system


2. Advantages of DBMS over file systems
3. Data abstraction & levels (physical, logical, view)
4. 3 schema architecture (external, conceptual, internal)
5. Data independence (physical, logical)

2. Data Models & Database Design

1. ER Model:
- Entity sets (strong, weak)
- Attributes (derived, composite, multivalued, types of attributes)
- Relationships (degree, cardinality ratio, recursive relationships)
- ER Diagram
- Mapping constraints (disjoint, participation, cardinality)
2. Extended ER (EER):
- Generalization, Specialization
- Inheritance (EER and OO model)
- Multiple inheritance
3. Other Models:
- Relational model
- Network model
- Object-oriented data model
- Object-relational database

3. Relational Database Concepts

1. Keys:
- Super key, Candidate key, Primary key, Alternate key, Foreign key
2. Integrity Constraints:
- Entity integrity
- Referential integrity
3. Relational algebra (projection, selection, join, cartesian product, union)
4. Relational calculus (tuple, domain)
5. Functional dependencies (Armstrong axioms, equivalence, canonical cover,
minimal/irreducible set)
6. Normalization:
- 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF
- Partial/Transitive dependencies
- Multivalued dependencies
- Lossless decomposition, dependency preservation
- Insertion/Deletion/Update anomalies
4. SQL & Database Languages

1. SQL Basics:
- DDL (Data Definition Language)
- DML (Data Manipulation Language: procedural vs non-procedural)
- DCL (Data Control Language: grant, revoke)
2. Advanced SQL:
- Views (definition, advantages, update problems)
- Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL
- Triggers & types
- Commands: Commit, Rollback
3. Query Optimization:
- Query equivalence
- Query trees
- Join strategies (theta join, inner/outer joins, left/right/full outer joins)

5. Storage & Indexing

1. File Organization:
- Ordered indexing, dense/sparse indexing
- Clustering index, secondary index
- B-trees, B+ trees (construction)
- Hashing (bucket overflow)
2. Indices:
- Primary vs secondary
- Blocking factor

6. Transaction Management

1. ACID Properties
2. Concurrency Control:
- Serializability (conflict/non-conflict, view)
- Locking (2PL, strict/consecutive 2PL)
- Timestamping
- Deadlock handling (wait-die, wound-wait)
3. Recovery Techniques:
- Log-based recovery (undo/redo, checkpoints)
- Shadow paging
- Immediate/Deferred update

7. Advanced Topics

1. Distributed Databases:
- Fragmentation (horizontal, vertical)
- Replication, Data allocation
2. Security:
- Authentication, Authorization (DAC, MAC, RBAC)
- SQL injection, Intrusion detection
3. Data Warehousing & Mining:
- Data warehouse vs database
- Data mining, Web mining
4. Object-Oriented Concepts:
- Object-oriented relational databases
- Inheritance, Attribute inheritance

8. Miscellaneous

1. Metadata & Data Dictionary


2. Null Values (handling in DBMS)
3. Query Optimization Algorithms
4. Open Source vs Commercial DBMS

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