NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY

Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY NON-CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATE POLICE

OFFICERS

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the faculty of the

School of Criminology

Northern Iloilo State University

Ajuy Campus, Ajuy Iloilo

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

DUMALI, JHON RYAN B.

GREGORIO, RANJHAY V.
NEPOMUCENO, JIANREY S.
QUECOY, JHAN KAISER P.

July 2025

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 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis entitled, CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

BY NON-CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATE POLICE OFFICERS in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of
Science in Criminology has been examined and recommended for
acceptance and approval.

KRISTEL ANN L. PALMARES, MS CRIM

Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of

PASSED.

CRIS A. SBALOSA, MS CRIM

Chairperson

REY D.BARRETO,PhD.CRIM BETHEL D.BACABAC,BSSR

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for Bachelor of Science in Criminology, June 2025.

Approved:
FERDINAND V. BEUP, PhD. CRIM
Dean college of criminology

LEBNI T.BERNARDINO JR. PhD.

Campus Administrator

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 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their gratitude to the

people mentioned below in helping for the completion of the

thesis:

To Ms. Kristell Ann L. Palmares, MS CRIM, thesis adviser and

mentor, for the knowledge, encouragement, and supervision

throughout the research that truly helped in the completion of

this study;

To Dr. Rey D. Barreto, PhD. Crim, panel member, for

imparting expertise in the validation of our questionnaires and

for the improvement of this study;

To Ms. Bethel D. Bacabac, Office Clerk, statistician, for

the help extended for the statistical analyses and interpretation

of the data;

To Prof. Cris A. Sabalosa, Chairperson, for the comments,

suggestions, guidance, and encouragement; for the words of

encouragement and constant reminders to keep the researchers on

track and to finish this degree program;

To researchers’ parents, Mr. and Mrs Dumali, Mr. and Mrs.

Nepomuceno, Mr. and Mrs. Gregorio, Mr. and Mrs Queqoy, for all

the love and support; to Ma’am Charlyn Mae for the guidance and

for opening her humble abode to us, which served as our meeting

place in doing our research, and;

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 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

Above all, to God almighty for blessing us with perseverance

in the face of adversity, with His daily guidance that continued

to put our faith in Him for our future.

The Researchers

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 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

Jhon Ryan B. Dumali, Ranjhay V. Gregorio, Jianrey S.

Nepomuceno, Jhan Kaiser P. Quecoy, entitled, Challenges
Encountered by Non-Criminology Graduate Police Officers,
Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Northern Iloilo State
University, Ajuy, Iloilo, November 2024.

ABSTRACT

This descriptive-correlational research aimed to determine

the challenges in job performance, professional development, and

workplace integration among police officers in Ajuy, Iloilo. A

structured questionnaire was used to gather data from randomly

selected respondents. The statistical tools employed included

mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation

Coefficient with the significance level set at 0.05. Findings

revealed that police officers face significant challenges in job

performance, particularly in task-related issues, workload

management, and work efficiency, with younger officers (25-26

years old) reporting the highest levels of difficulty. In terms

of professional development, career growth planning, training

accessibility, and career advancement support were identified as

key challenges, especially among younger officers (21-25 years

old). Regarding workplace integration, team cohesion, leadership

support, and work environment were perceived as major concerns,

with older officers (36-45 years old) rating these challenges

higher than their younger counterparts.

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 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between

sex and job performance, professional development, or workplace

integration. Similarly, age did not significantly influence these

factors, suggesting that institutional policies and work

environment may play a more substantial role. These findings

highlight the need for targeted training programs, mentorship

initiatives, and policy improvements to support police officers

in overcoming workplace challenges and enhancing their overall

performance and well-being.

Keywords: Job performance, professional development, workplace

integration, career growth, training accessibility, team
cohesion, leadership support, institutional policies, mentorship,
policy improvements

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 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION

Rationale 1

Statement of the problem 2

Null Hypotheses 3

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 3

Significance of the study 6

Scope and Limitation of Study 7

Definition of Terms 8

Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature and Studies

11

Chapter 3. METHODOLOGY

Research Design

19

Respondents Respondent

20

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 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

Research environment

21

Research Instrument

22

Statistical Procedure

22

Data Analysis Procedure

23

Chapter 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results and Discussion

24

Chapter 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusions

53

Recommendations

55

REFERENCES

59

APPENDICES

Appendix A. Communication 64

Appendix B. Research Instrument 77

Appendix C. Statistical Computation 85

Appendix D. Curriculum Vitae 96

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 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

LIST OF TABLES

PAGE

Table 1 Demographic profile of the Respondent 21

Table 2.1 Top 3 challenges in Job Performance faced 25

by Police officers as an entire group and
when classified by sex and age

Table 2.2 Top 3 challenges in Professional Development 31

Faced by Police Officers as an entire group
And when classified by sex and age

Table 2.3 Top 3 challenges in Work integration faced 36

by Police Officers as an entire group when
classified by sex and age

Table 3.1 Top 3 Challenges faced by Police Officers as 38

an entire group when classified by age

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 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

Table 3.2 Level of Professional Development faced

by 41
Police officers as an entire group and when
classified by age

Table 3.3 Level of Work Integration faced by Police 44

Officers as an entire group when classified
By sex and age

Table 4 Relationship of sex to Challenges in Job 47

Performance, Professional Development, and
Work Integration of Police officers

Table 6 Relationship of age to Challenges in Job 49

Performance, Professional Development,
Work Integration of the Police officers

LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE

Figure 1 Shows the paradigm of the study 5

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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology

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