Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 140 views

    Pantothenic Acid

    Uploaded by

    Naji Mohamed Alfatih
    Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in metabolism. It has two active forms in the body - coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein. Coenzyme A is involved in important processes like fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, cholesterol synthesis, and acetylcholine biosynthesis. Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare in humans, but may cause symptoms like fatigue, irritability, dermatitis and muscle cramps. Good dietary sources include meats, whole grains, legumes, eggs, and mushrooms. The recommended daily intake for adults is 5-7 mg. Toxicity from pantothenic acid is unlikely even

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Pantothenic Acid

    Uploaded by

    Naji Mohamed Alfatih
    140 views34 pages
    Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in metabolism. It has two active forms in the body - coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein. Coenzyme A is involved in important processes like fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, cholesterol synthesis, and acetylcholine biosynthesis. Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare in humans, but may cause symptoms like fatigue, irritability, dermatitis and muscle cramps. Good dietary sources include meats, whole grains, legumes, eggs, and mushrooms. The recommended daily intake for adults is 5-7 mg. Toxicity from pantothenic acid is unlikely even

    Original Description:

    all you want to know about this factor amazing

    Original Title

    Pantothenic Acid -

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in metabolism. It has two active forms in the body - coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein. Coenzyme A is involved in important processes like fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, cholesterol synthesis, and acetylcholine biosynthesis. Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare in humans, but may cause symptoms like fatigue, irritability, dermatitis and muscle cramps. Good dietary sources include meats, whole grains, legumes, eggs, and mushrooms. The recommended daily intake for adults is 5-7 mg. Toxicity from pantothenic acid is unlikely even

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    140 views34 pages

    Pantothenic Acid

    Uploaded by

    Naji Mohamed Alfatih
    Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in metabolism. It has two active forms in the body - coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein. Coenzyme A is involved in important processes like fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, cholesterol synthesis, and acetylcholine biosynthesis. Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare in humans, but may cause symptoms like fatigue, irritability, dermatitis and muscle cramps. Good dietary sources include meats, whole grains, legumes, eggs, and mushrooms. The recommended daily intake for adults is 5-7 mg. Toxicity from pantothenic acid is unlikely even

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Pantothenic acid

    Historical Background
    VitB5.
    Pantothenic acid.

    Pantothenate.
    1st discovered at 1919.

    Chemical structure
    Formula C9H11O5N. Amide between pantoic acid and B-alanine

    pantoic acid

    -alanine

    Characterize by:
    Water soluble vitamin.

    Appearance: yellow colour, viscous oil.


    Un stable to heat, alkali and acid. Hydrolytic cleavage to:

    B-alanine and 2-4dihydroxy 3,3 dimethyl butyrate

    Has two active forms in the body:


    Coenzyme A: Acyl carrier protein:

    Coenzyme adapted from cystiene ,pantothenate and adenosine triphosphate

    Its small negatively charge alpha helical protein with high degree of structural and amino acid similarity.

    Active forms:
    Coenzyme A

    Active forms:
    Acyl carrier protein

    VitB5 Sources
    Pantos
    means everywhere

    Pharmacokinetics:
    In foods, most pantothenic acid is in the form of :

    CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP). For the intestinal cells to absorb this vitamin, it must be converted into free pantothenic acid. Within the lumen of the intestine, CoA and ACP are Hydrolyzed into 4'-phosphopantetheine. This then dephosphorylated into pantetheine Pantetheinase, an intestinal enzyme, then hydrolyzes pantetheine into free pantothenic acid.

    Absorption:
    The free pantpthenic acid then absorbed

    by either: - active transport (Na dependant). - passive transport. According to the concentration.

    Transport:
    Carried in the plasma and erythrocyte.
    Enter erythrocyte through passive diffusion. Distributed to different tissues(brain, heart,

    kidney, liver). Enter the cell through Na co transport. Converted again to the tissue form : CO enzyme A.

    Metabolism
    The synthesis of CoA from pantothenate is

    regulated primarily by pantothenate kinase, an enzyme that is inhibited by the pathway end products, CoA and acyl CoA. Thus CoA production does not reflect the amount of available pantothenate

    Coenzyme A synthesis
    Pantothenate
    pantothenate kinase

    4-phosphopantothenate Cyestiene ppc synthetase 4-phospho -N-pantothenyl cystiene ppc decarboxylase 4- phosphopantetheine pp Adenyl transferase Desphosho coA

    Co A: synthesis
    1\ Pantothenate is phosphorylated to 4'phosphopantothenate. 2\ A cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC) . 3\ PPC is decarboxylated to 4phosphopantotheine. 4\ 4'-phosphopantotheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA. 5\ Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A.

    ACP synthesis:
    Synthesized from Apo ACP protien and Co enzyme A

    Excretion:
    Excreted in the urine as free pantothenic acid or 4

    phosphopantethenate. In the kidney pantothenic acid either: Reabsorped. Tubular secretion. Amount excreted reflect the dietary intake. Biomarkers detected by radioimmunoassay.

    Function of Vit B5
    Metabolic functions.

    Other roles.

    Metabolic function:

    Formation

    of acetyl co A.

    Co A : Functions
    Citric acid cycle: acetyl residues (in the form of

    acetyl Co A) are catabolised.


    Fatty acid synthesis & oxidation: fatty acids are

    both synthesized from and oxidized to acetyl Co A.


    Cholesterol synthesis: Acetyl Co A is the source

    of all carbon atoms in cholesterol.

    Co A : Functions
    Biosynthesis of acetylcholine:

    choline + acetyl Co A

    cholineacetyltransferase

    Acetylcholine + Co A.
    Acetylation reactions: e.g. drugs, post-

    translational modification of some proteins.

    ACP: Function
    In mammals the fatty acid synthase system is a multienzyme polypeptide complex. ACP is part of that complex.

    Other roles:
    Pantothenic acid enhance red blood cell

    production and maintain normal haemoglobin level Enhance the immune system through regulating stress hormones Maintain the heart healthy through : lower the cholesterol level maintain normal blood pressure Reduce the acne

    Recent research:
    Diabetic ulceration Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy Testicular torsion Rheumatoid arthritis Athletes' performance

    Age group Requirements


    Age Infant (0-6) month Dosage 1.7 mg

    Infant (7-12) month


    Children(1-3) yrs Children (4-8) yrs Children (9-13)yrs Adult men and women(+14)yrs Pregnant women

    1.8 mg
    2mg 3mg 4mg 5mg 6mg

    Breastfeeding women
    United Kingdom RDA: 6 mg/day

    7mg

    Deficiency:
    Pantothenic acid deficiency is

    exceptionally rare and has not been thoroughly studied. Patients with digestive problem In starvation ,malnutrition cases and limited volunteer trials.

    Clinical manifestations:
    Fatigue,irratibilty and apathy, dermatitis, alopecia and ulcer numbness, paresthesia, and muscle cramps HYPOGLYCEMIA Adrenal insufficiency and hepatic encephalopathy

    Treatment
    All symptoms corrected and

    reversed with the return of pantothenic acid,either by : Food Or Synthetic supplementation.

    Supplementation
    Pantothenol More stable form of the vitamin and is often found in multivitamin supplements Calcium pantothenate more stable than pantothenic acid in the digestive mentation may improve oxygen utilization efficiency and reduce lactic acid accumulation in athletes.

    Antagonists:
    Methylpantothenic acid.
    Desthio-coenzymeA. Hopantenate.

    Toxicity
    no Tolerable Upper Level Intake

    (UL) has been established for the vitamin. Toxicity of pantothenic acid is unlikely massive doses (e.g., 10 g/day) may only yield mild intestinal distress

    THANK YOU Please fortify your knowledge about vitamins

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy