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    Bloch Oscillations

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    rkluftinger
    This document discusses Bloch oscillations, a quantum mechanical phenomenon where an electron in a periodic potential subjected to a constant force will oscillate rather than accelerate continuously. It describes how Bloch oscillations were first predicted by Bloch in 1928 and outlines the key aspects including: the oscillation frequency derived from the periodicity of the potential and energy shifts; the behavior of electrons in k-space and the Brillouin zone; experimental observations of Bloch oscillations in semiconductor lattices; and potential applications like producing terahertz radiation and Bloch oscillator transistors.

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    Bloch Oscillations

    Uploaded by

    rkluftinger
    91 views16 pages
    This document discusses Bloch oscillations, a quantum mechanical phenomenon where an electron in a periodic potential subjected to a constant force will oscillate rather than accelerate continuously. It describes how Bloch oscillations were first predicted by Bloch in 1928 and outlines the key aspects including: the oscillation frequency derived from the periodicity of the potential and energy shifts; the behavior of electrons in k-space and the Brillouin zone; experimental observations of Bloch oscillations in semiconductor lattices; and potential applications like producing terahertz radiation and Bloch oscillator transistors.

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    Block Oscillations PPT

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    This document discusses Bloch oscillations, a quantum mechanical phenomenon where an electron in a periodic potential subjected to a constant force will oscillate rather than accelerate continuously. It describes how Bloch oscillations were first predicted by Bloch in 1928 and outlines the key aspects including: the oscillation frequency derived from the periodicity of the potential and energy shifts; the behavior of electrons in k-space and the Brillouin zone; experimental observations of Bloch oscillations in semiconductor lattices; and potential applications like producing terahertz radiation and Bloch oscillator transistors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    91 views16 pages

    Bloch Oscillations

    Uploaded by

    rkluftinger
    This document discusses Bloch oscillations, a quantum mechanical phenomenon where an electron in a periodic potential subjected to a constant force will oscillate rather than accelerate continuously. It describes how Bloch oscillations were first predicted by Bloch in 1928 and outlines the key aspects including: the oscillation frequency derived from the periodicity of the potential and energy shifts; the behavior of electrons in k-space and the Brillouin zone; experimental observations of Bloch oscillations in semiconductor lattices; and potential applications like producing terahertz radiation and Bloch oscillator transistors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Bloch Oscillations

    Alan Wu April 14, 2009 Physics 138

    Outline
    Phenomenon Description Semi-Classical Derivation Wannier-Stark States Implications and Applications
    Terahertz Oscillations Bloch Oscillation Transistors

    Bloch Oscillation Phenomenon


    Described by Bloch (1928) Imagine a particle in a periodic potential acted on by a constant force. Example: electrons in crystal lattice exposed to constant electric field Classically, we expect Ohmic behavior

    Bloch Oscillation Phenomenon


    But quantum mechanics predicts that the particle will undergo an oscillation The periodicity causes the group velocity of the wavefunction to oscillate Ohmic behavior results from scattering

    Bloch Oscillation Frequency


    Use invariance: shift 1 period d and shift energy E Phase shift now

    Corresponding frequency is

    Semi-Classical Derivation
    Schrodingers Equation can be transformed into the form:

    Known as the Acceleration Theorem, since it describes change in momentum Like classical relation between momentum and force

    K-Space in a Lattice
    Potential periodicity in real space => periodicity in k-space

    Also known as a reciprocal lattice

    The Brillouin Zone


    Brillouin Zone: a basic cell in the reciprocal lattice The dispersion relation gives an oscillating k within this zone

    Kronig Penney Model


    The Kronig Penney model for a lattice can be used to find the potential in k-space.

    Source: http://fermi.la.asu.edu/schmidt/applets/kp/plugkp.html

    Dispersion in lattice

    Wannier-Stark Resonance States


    At each well, a series of energies are available, much like that of a harmonic resonator. These states form what is known as a Wannier-Stark energy ladder.

    Tight-binding model
    Consider just interactions between neighboring wells (known as Wannier representation)

    Also have energy difference from constant force

    Experimental Confirmations
    Bloch oscillations have been observed in semiconductor lattices Shining a laser will excite the Wannier Stark states, which then oscillate. These oscillations can be measured

    Terahertz Radiation
    Changing the electric field allows for a tunable radiation source. Can get frequencies in the terahertz

    Bloch Oscillation Transistors


    Bloch oscillations can control Josephson Junctions Act much like bipolar transistors

    Conclusion
    Bloch oscillations are just another strange quantum phenomenon They can be used for frequencies in the terahertz range Bloch oscillator transistors are an interesting way of amplifying signals

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