Introduction To Vi: Modes of Operation

Introduction to vi
Modes of Operation
ESC :
Input Command Last Line

mode mode mode
Insert, Append, Replace … Enter
The Work Buffer

During the editing session, vi make all changes in the
buffer
Basic
(Loading and Saving files)
vi [filename] - start vi ( edit filename)
vi +[number, /string] - begin with start line, first
matching string, relatively
:e filename - edit filename
:q - terminate vi without saving
:q! - terminate vi, leave file unchanged
:w - save edited file, stay in vi
:r filename - read in text in filename
Command mode - Moving the Cursor
l,h,j,k - move right, left, down, up
w,b,e - move right one, left one, to end of word
W,B,E - equivalent above except the space delimited
word
-,Enter - move start of upper line, start of next line
^,$ - move start of line, end of line
<crtl>+u,d,b,f - move screen one half-page up, one half
page down, one page up, one page down in text
H,M,L - move left end of top, middle line, bottom line
G - move to last line
nG - move to nth line
Input Mode
i - insert before the cursor
a - append after the cursor
o - insert the text on a new line after the current line
r - replace the current one character, automatically
return to command mode
I - insert the text at start of line
A - insert the text at end of line
O - insert the text on a new line before the current line
R - overwrite all character until press <ESC>
<ESC> - return to command mode
Command mode - Deleting text
x - delete the character under the cursor
dw - delete to the of word
dW - delete to end of space delimited word
D - delete to end of line
dd - delete the current line
u - undo the last change made
U - restore current line to previous state
Command mode - Changing text
cw - change to end of word
cb - change to begin of word
cW - change to end of space delimited word
cB - change to begin of space delimited word
cc - change the current line
Searching for a String
 The Search Commands
 /xxx - search forward for text string xxx
 ?xxx - search backward for text string xxx
 / - repeat search forwards
 ? - repeat search backwards
 n - repeat search in same direction
 N - repeat search in opposite direction
 Special Characters in Search Strings
 ^ - the beginning-of-line indicator
 $ - the end-of-line indicator
 . - the any character indicator
 \> - the end-of-word indicator
 \< - the beginning-of-word indicator
 [ ] - the character class definition
Substituting One String for Another
[address]s/search-string/replace-string[/g]
address
number - line number
77,100 - line 77 through 100
1, . - the beginning of the work buffer through the
current line
.,$ - the current line through the end of work buffer
1,$ - the entire work buffer
% - the entire work buffer
.,.+10 - the current line through the tenth following line
Miscellaneous Commands
J - join command
<ctrl>-g - status command (line number of current
line, total number of line)
End line mode - :f
. - period command (repeat the most recent command
that made a change)
~ - tilde command (change between lowercase and
uppercase)
The Put, Delete and Yank Commands
The General Purpose Buffer
Store the text that you most recently changed, deleted
and yanked.
Undo command uses the general purpose buffer when it
restores text
y - yank command
yy, Y - yank the current line
nyy, nY - yank the n line from current line
p - paste the text on a new line after the current line
P - paste the text on a new line above the current line
Reading and Writing Files
Read Command
:[address]r [filename]
Write Command
:[address]w[!] [filename] - overwrite mode
:[address]w>>filename - append mode
address - the same as substitution command
Setting Parameters
 Setting Parameters in a Startup File
Bourne and Korn shell - .profile
EXINIT = ‘set param1 param2 …’
export EXINIT
C shell - .login
setenv EXINIT = ‘set param1 param2 …’
.exrc
set param1 param2 …
 Parameters
:set all - show all parameter
number, nonumber - show line number, hide line number
wrapmargin=nn - break the line by inserting <newline>
character at the closest blank delimited word boundary
 nn - the number of character from the right side of the screen
Setting Parameters
 Parameters (Cont.)
Shell[=pathname]
showmode, noshowmode - give a cue to let you know when vi
is in Input Mode
flash, noflash - beep when give invalid command or press
<ESC> in Command Mode
ignorecase, noignorecase - ignore case in search
magic, nomagic - special characters in search strings have no
special meanings (except ^, $)
list, nolist - show <TAB> -> ^I, end of line -> $
wrapscan, nowrapscan
autoindent, noautoindent
shiftwidth=nn
Units of Measure
Character
Word - <space>, <tab>,<newline>, numeral,
punctuation marks
Line - <newline>
Sentence - period, exclamation point, question mark,
followed by two <space> or a <newline>
Paragraph - blank line
Screen

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Introduction to vi

Input Command Last Line

Insert, Append, Replace … Enter

The Work Buffer

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