EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 10: Special Broadband To The User Presentation Transmitters

EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 10
Special Broadband to the User Presentation

Transmitters
From the movie

Warriors of the Net
First Mile: Bringing the Broadband Infrastructure

Home
Fred Cohn, City of Monterey

Dick DeWees, City of Lompoc
Susan Estrada, CENIC
Seth Fearey, Connected
Communities
Bryan
Alcatel
League of California
CitiesWassom,
Planners Institute
March 31, 2004 Monterey, CA
The One Gigabit or Bust Initiative
>
The Mission
Establish an action plan
that will bring one
gigabit to every home,
business, and school in
California by 2010.
Our job = catalyzing
innovation
California has the most to gain from
action and the most to lose by inaction.
The Gartner Report
Three Hottest Trends in Digital

Home Communications Terminals
1. DVR
2. HDTV
3. xOD
The Services of Tomorrow

Enable Advanced Services
Replacement Services
Visionary Services and Capabilities
Internet
Movies-on-Demand
Distance Learning
Broadcast TV
Time-Shifted TV
Telemedicine
Internet Telephony
Notification Services
Multiplayer Gaming
Videoconferencing
Community Intranet
Security Video
Power Metering
Home Automation
Voice Response
Next Generation Broadband

>
Its not about capacity. Its about the capabilities

made available by the capacity. Nitin Shaw,
Arraycom
>
Historical evolution of bandwidth requirements

support one gigabit per second by 2010
>
We need the big red circle.
Bandwidth Comparisons
Broadband and Economic Development

>
Broadband equals J-O-B-S

Gartner study said 2 million new jobs in California
>
No business will settle in a town that doesnt have

broadband access. NYT, 3/24/04
>
Question:
What had made your communities think about installing
next generation broadband? Are you losing jobs? Do
you think broadband helps with business development?
Laser Diode Transmitter Block Diagram
Source-Fiber Coupling Lambertian

Sources
Lambertian Source
radiance distribution
Generalized
Coupled Power
Step and Graded Index Fiber Coupling
Graded Index Fiber Coupling Continued
Source Fiber Coupling - II
Schematic of a typical assembly

of coupling optics
Transmitters employing a) butt-coupling and b)

lens-coupling designs
Turn-on delay
J Jb
t d N ln
J
J
th
Extinction Ratio Penalty

If the transmitter does not turn all the way off during the transmission of a zero then
the extinction ratio r ( the ratio to a power transmitted during a 0 to that during a 1)
will cause a bit error rate penalty and a reduction in sensitivity.
For a PIN receiver the peak power required for a given signal to noise ratio will become:
r=0 if the optical signal is

completely extinguished
during a logical 0
r=1 if the optical power
during a 0 equals that
during a 1
in this case the power
required approaches
1/ 2
1 r h
Q i2
1 r q
For APD detectors with gain
the effect of the multiplied
noise during the 0 is more
severe, this case is shown in
the graph to the left. k is the
ratio of the hole and electron
ionization coefficients and is a
property of the material in the
avalanche multiplication region
Traditional Laser Transmitter Approaches

Use a transmission line and impedance match
Bonding Inductance
Matching Resistor
Bonding Inductance
Transmission Line
Junction
Capacitance
Pad
Capacitance
Keep it close and dont worry about the match
Contact
Resistance
Laser
Junction
Bonding
Inductance
Drive
Transistor
Contact
Resistance
Laser
Junction
Pad
Capacitance
-Vee
-Vee
Junction
Capacitance
Packaged Laser Driver
Thin Film
Resistor
Laser Diode
Laser Driver
Transmission Line
Packaged Laser Driver
Packaged Laser
Laser Driver
Laser
Bondwire
Laser Diode
Laser Driver Stabilization
Moni t or Phot odi ode
Laser
Moni tor Photodi ode

Laser
-
Vr ef
Vr ef
Lav
+
+
Dat a
Vref 1
Vref 2
Vref 1
Dat a
Data
Data
Data
Vref 2
Data
-5V
+
-5V
Lpp
Dut y Cycl e
Measurement
Peak Detector
Average Power and Mark Density Compensation
Bi as Adj ust
Laser
Average Power, Mark Density and

Modulation
Monit or Phot odi ode
Bi as
-5V
Int egrat or
Dat a
Dat a
Modul at ed Power Adj ust

-5V
Modul ati on
-5V
Average
Power
Int egrat or
+
+
Peak Det ect or
Average and Peak Power Stabilization
Peak- pea
Power
A variety of feedback
approaches are available to
compensate for laser
imperfections and the
consequences of temperature
variation and aging
Packaging
Drawing of Packaging Approach
Optical Module (a), Electrical module (b)
10 Channels
12.5 Gb/s aggregate bandwidth
1300 nm commercial laser array
50/125 Multimode fiber ribbon
130 mW/channel
CMOS Driver Array
BER<10-14
1.2 km transmission with no
BER degradation
Close-up of assembled module
Completed module integrated on test board
Bostica et. al., IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, Vol. 22, No 3, August 1999
Example Commercial Transmitter Module
Palomar Technologies
DFB-HEMT OEIC Laser Transmitter
Transistor Technology
InGaAs-InAlAs HEMT
1.5 m gate length
Laser
Distributed Feedback Laser
Self-Aligned Constricted Mesa (SACM)
7 MHz linewidth at 3 mW output power
19 GHz 3db frequency
8 mA average threshold
Fabrication
/4 shifted cavity fabricated by e-beam
2-step MOCVD
OEIC Performance:
Clean output eyes for all pattern lengths
up to 5 Gb/s
Operation at shorter patterns up to 10 Gb/s
Demonstrated link operation over 29 km
at 5 Gb/s
Lo et. al. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 2, No. 9, September 1990
Polarization
>
In molecules, P=+E+E2+E3+
>
In materials, P=X(o)+X(1)E+X(2)E2+X(3)E3+
If multiple electric fields are applied, every possible cross term is

generated.
At sufficiently high values of E, quadratic or higher terms become
important and nonlinear effects are induced in the fiber.
Electro-Optic Coefficient r
n4r
1
2 rE
n

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EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 10

Special Broadband to the User Presentation

From the movie

First Mile: Bringing the Broadband Infrastructure

Fred Cohn, City of Monterey

March 31, 2004 Monterey, CA

The One Gigabit or Bust Initiative

Three Hottest Trends in Digital

The Services of Tomorrow

Visionary Services and Capabilities

Next Generation Broadband

Its not about capacity. Its about the capabilities

Historical evolution of bandwidth requirements

We need the big red circle.

Broadband and Economic Development

Broadband equals J-O-B-S

No business will settle in a town that doesnt have

Laser Diode Transmitter Block Diagram

Source-Fiber Coupling Lambertian

Step and Graded Index Fiber Coupling

Graded Index Fiber Coupling Continued

Source Fiber Coupling - II

Schematic of a typical assembly

Transmitters employing a) butt-coupling and b)

Extinction Ratio Penalty

r=0 if the optical signal is

Traditional Laser Transmitter Approaches

Keep it close and dont worry about the match

Packaged Laser Driver

Laser Driver Stabilization

Moni t or Phot odi ode

Moni tor Photodi ode

Average Power and Mark Density Compensation

Average Power, Mark Density and

Modul at ed Power Adj ust

Peak Det ect or

Average and Peak Power Stabilization

Drawing of Packaging Approach

Optical Module (a), Electrical module (b)

Example Commercial Transmitter Module

DFB-HEMT OEIC Laser Transmitter

If multiple electric fields are applied, every possible cross term is

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