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Integral Calculus

This document covers key concepts and formulas for integral calculus including basic formulas, power rules, integration of trigonometric functions, techniques for integration like integration by parts, algebraic substitution, trigonometric substitution and applications to finding volumes and centroids. Several examples are provided to demonstrate each concept.

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Jerome Ambagan
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157 views25 pages

Integral Calculus

This document covers key concepts and formulas for integral calculus including basic formulas, power rules, integration of trigonometric functions, techniques for integration like integration by parts, algebraic substitution, trigonometric substitution and applications to finding volumes and centroids. Several examples are provided to demonstrate each concept.

Uploaded by

Jerome Ambagan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTEGRAL CALCULUS

BASIC FORMULAS AND PRINCIPLES


1.

the integral of the differential of a given function u is equal to u plus an


arbitrary constant C.
du = u + C
2. the integral of a constant k
k du = k du
A constant k may be written before the integral sign.
3. the integral of the sum of the several functions is the sum of their integrals
(du + dv + + dz) = du + dv + + dz
4. Power Formula:

EXAMPLES
1 .
2.
= +C
=+C
3. =
=
=
=
4.
=

EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMS


EXAMPLES
1.

3.

Let u = v4 + 1

Let u = 4x

du = 4v3dv

du = 4dx

du/4 = v3dv

du/4 = dx
=

2.
Let u = 2t
du = 2dt
du/2 = dt
=

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

EXAMPLES
1 .
let u = cos x
du = - sin x dx
- du = sin x dx
2.
let u = x3
du = 3x2dx
du/3 = x2dx

=
let u = sec
du = sec tan dx
2 du = sec tan dx

Or
let u = tan
du = sec2 dx
2 du = sec2 dx

CASE 1
Example:

Let u = sin 2x
du = 2cos2x dx
du/2 = cos2x dx

CASE 2

/EVEN
Example:

Let u = tan x
du = sec2xdx

CASE 3

Let u = sec x

du = sec x tan x dx

n = 10
n=8
n=6

CASE 4
Example:

1.

2.

INTEGRATION BY PARTS

EXAMPLES

= x ln x x + C
2.
==

ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION
1.
Let u = x3 3
du = 3x2dx

3.
2.

Let u =
du = 3x2dx
du/3 = x2dx

= - + +C

TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION

substitute u = a/b sin


substitute u = a/b tan

substitute u = a/b sec

EXAMPLES

=
2.
=

APPLICATIONS
Area bounded
y = f(x)
f(x) g(x)

x=a

x=b

y = g(x)

x = g(y)

x = f(y)

f(y)
g(y)

A =

EXAMPLES
Find the area bounded by the parabola x2 = 4y + 4 and y = x + 2
=
Find the area bounded by parabolas y = -x2 + 6x and y = x2 2x
=
Find the area of the curve r2 = a2 cos 2
=

VOLUMES
Cylindrical Shell Method

Circular Ring Method

CENTROIDS

PAPPUS PROPOSITION

Where = distance from centroid to the axis of rotation

EXAMPLES
Find
the volume of the solid generated when the area bounded by the

curve y2 = x, the x-axis and the line x = 2 is revolved about the x-axis.
=
Find the volume of the solid of revolution obtained by rotation the region R
bounded by the given: y = 2x, x = 1, x = 4, about the x-axis
=
Given the area in the first quadrant bounded by x2 = 8y, the line y = 2
and the y-axis. What is the volume generated when the area is revolved
about the line y = 2
=

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