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DC Generator

The document discusses the working principle and construction of a DC generator. It begins by explaining that a DC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using the principle of dynamically induced electromotive force. It then describes the key components of a DC generator: the magnetic field created by field coils, the conductors within this magnetic field that move to generate current, and the commutator and brushes that provide the output. DC generators are classified as separately excited, where an external DC source provides excitation, or self-excited, where the generator itself provides excitation. Self-excited generators can be series wound, shunt wound, or compound wound based on how the field coils are connected.

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416 views

DC Generator

The document discusses the working principle and construction of a DC generator. It begins by explaining that a DC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using the principle of dynamically induced electromotive force. It then describes the key components of a DC generator: the magnetic field created by field coils, the conductors within this magnetic field that move to generate current, and the commutator and brushes that provide the output. DC generators are classified as separately excited, where an external DC source provides excitation, or self-excited, where the generator itself provides excitation. Self-excited generators can be series wound, shunt wound, or compound wound based on how the field coils are connected.

Uploaded by

shaira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC GENERATOR
An electrical Generator is a machine
which converts mechanical energy
(or power) into electrical energy (or
power). Principle: It is based on the
principle
of
production
of
dynamically (or motionally) induced
e.m.f (Electromotive Force).

There are two types of generators, one is


ac generator and other is dc generator.
Hence the most basic two essential parts
of a generator are
a) A magnetic field and
b) Conductors which move inside that
magnetic field.

SINGLE LOOP DC
GENERATOR

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DC
GENERATOR

WAVEFORM OF EMF.

Types of a DC generator:
DC generators can be classified in two main
categories, viz; (i) Separately excited and (ii)
Self-excited.
(i) Separately excited: In this type, field coils are
energized from an independent external DC
source.
(ii) Selfexcited: In this type, field coils are
energized from the current produced by the
generator itself.

SELF EXCITED DC GENERATORS

Self excited dc generators can further


be divided into three types (a) Series wound - field winding in
series with armature winding
(b) Shunt wound - field winding in
parallel with armature winding
(c) Compound wound - combination
of series and shunt winding

CONSTRUCTION OF A DC
MACHINE

Basic constructional parts of a DC


machine are :
1.Yoke: The outer frame of a dc
machine is called as yoke. It is
made up of cast iron or steel. It not
only provides mechanical strength
to the whole assemblybut also
carries the magnetic flux produced
by the field winding.

2. Poles and pole shoes: Poles are


joined to the yoke with the help of bolts
or welding. They carry field winding and
pole shoes are fastened to them.
3. Field winding: They are usually
made of copper. Field coils are former
wound and placed on each pole and are
connected in series.

4. Armature core: Armature core is the


rotor of the machine. It is cylindrical in
shape with slots to carry armature
winding. The armature is built up of thin
laminated circular steel disks for reducing
eddy current losses. It may be provided
with air ducts for the axial air flow for
cooling purposes. Armature is keyed to
the shaft.

Armature
core

5.Armature Winding: It is usually a former wound


copper coil which rests in armature slots. The
armature conductors are insulated from each
other and also from the armature core. Armature
winding can be wound by one of the two methods;
lap winding or wave winding. Double layer lap or
wave windings are generally used. A double layer
winding means that each armature slot will carry
two different coils.

6. Commutator and brushes: Physical


connection to the armature winding is
made
through
a
commutator-brush
arrangement.
The
function
of
acommutator, in a dc generator, is to
collect the current generated in armature
conductors. Whereas, in case of a dc motor,
commutator helps in providing current to
the armature conductors.

Commuta
tor

GENERATED EMF EQUATION OF A DC


GENERATOR
E = PNZ /60a x 10^-8

E = kn

f = P x rpm/120

where:
E = generated emf (volt)
P = no. of poles
N = speed of armature core rotation (rpm)
Z = total no. of elements or conductors
= flux per pole (weber)
a = no. of armature current paths
K = proportionality constant

TYPES OF DC GENERATORS ACCORDING TO


EXCITATION
SEPARATELY EXCITED the field windings of the generator is
excited from a separate source usually a battery.
Self excited the field windings of the generator is supplied or
excited from its own generated emf.

SHUNT GENERATOR
The armature coils and the shunt fields coils are connected in
parallel.

SERIES GENERATOR
The armature coils and the series field coils are connected in
series.

REFERENCES:
http://www.electrical4u.com/principle-of-dcgenerator/
http://www.electricaleasy.com/2012/12/basicconstruction-and-working-of-dc.html
Prepared by:
Engr. Golbandrio T. Teo

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