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    Voltage and Current Division Superposition: Dr. Holbert January 23, 2008

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    LuisNovelo12
    Voltage and Current Division; Superposition This document discusses (1) voltage and current division in circuits with multiple resistors connected in series and parallel, (2) superposition as a method to analyze circuits with multiple independent sources. The key points are: circuits with resistors in series share the same current, while the voltage is divided proportionally to resistance; resistors in parallel share the same voltage, while the current is divided proportionally to resistance; superposition allows breaking a circuit into subcircuits with individual sources to determine each source's contribution and then summing the contributions.

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    Voltage and Current Division Superposition: Dr. Holbert January 23, 2008

    Uploaded by

    LuisNovelo12
    39 views24 pages
    Voltage and Current Division; Superposition This document discusses (1) voltage and current division in circuits with multiple resistors connected in series and parallel, (2) superposition as a method to analyze circuits with multiple independent sources. The key points are: circuits with resistors in series share the same current, while the voltage is divided proportionally to resistance; resistors in parallel share the same voltage, while the current is divided proportionally to resistance; superposition allows breaking a circuit into subcircuits with individual sources to determine each source's contribution and then summing the contributions.

    Original Description:

    Lecture in voltage and current division along with superposition.

    Original Title

    EEE202_Lect3_VoltageCurrentDivisionSuperposition

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    Voltage and Current Division; Superposition This document discusses (1) voltage and current division in circuits with multiple resistors connected in series and parallel, (2) superposition as a method to analyze circuits with multiple independent sources. The key points are: circuits with resistors in series share the same current, while the voltage is divided proportionally to resistance; resistors in parallel share the same voltage, while the current is divided proportionally to resistance; superposition allows breaking a circuit into subcircuits with individual sources to determine each source's contribution and then summing the contributions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    39 views24 pages

    Voltage and Current Division Superposition: Dr. Holbert January 23, 2008

    Uploaded by

    LuisNovelo12
    Voltage and Current Division; Superposition This document discusses (1) voltage and current division in circuits with multiple resistors connected in series and parallel, (2) superposition as a method to analyze circuits with multiple independent sources. The key points are: circuits with resistors in series share the same current, while the voltage is divided proportionally to resistance; resistors in parallel share the same voltage, while the current is divided proportionally to resistance; superposition allows breaking a circuit into subcircuits with individual sources to determine each source's contribution and then summing the contributions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Voltage and Current

    Division; Superposition

    Dr. Holbert
    January 23, 2008

    Lect3 EEE 202 1


    Single Loop Circuit
    The same current I
    flows through each
    R
    element of the circuit
    the elements are in R
    series +
    VS
    We will consider
    circuits consisting of R
    voltage sources and
    resistors

    Lect3 EEE 202 2


    Solve for I I + IR

    R +
    In terms of I,
    R IR
    what is the
    voltage across
    +
    VS
    each resistor? +
    Make sure you N Total R IR
    get the polarity Resistors

    right!
    To solve for I,
    apply KVL IR + IR + + IR VS = 0
    around the loop I = VS / (N R)

    Lect3 EEE 202 3


    In General: Single Loop
    The current i(t) is:
    VSi sum of voltage sources
    i (t )
    Rj sum of resistance s
    This approach works for any single loop
    circuit with voltage sources and resistors
    Resistors in series
    Rseries R1 R2 RN R j

    Lect3 EEE 202 4


    Voltage Division
    Consider two resistors in series with a
    voltage v(t) across them:

    + +
    R1
    R1 v1(t) v1 (t ) v(t )

    R1 R2
    v(t) +
    R2
    R2 v2(t) v2 (t ) v(t )

    R1 R2

    Lect3 EEE 202 5


    In General: Voltage Division
    Consider N resistors in series:
    Ri
    VRi (t ) VS k (t )
    Rj
    Source voltage(s) are divided between the
    resistors in direct proportion to their
    resistances

    Lect3 EEE 202 6


    Two Resistors in Parallel

    +
    I1 I2
    I R1 R2 V

    How do we find I1 and I2?

    Lect3 EEE 202 7


    Apply KCL with Ohms Law
    V V 1 1
    I I1 I 2 V
    R1 R2 R1 R2

    +
    I1 I2
    I R1 R2 V

    1 R1 R2
    V I I
    1 1 R R
    1 2
    R1 R2
    Lect3 EEE 202 8
    Equivalent Resistance
    If we wish to replace the two parallel
    resistors with a single resistor whose
    voltage-current relationship is the same, the
    equivalent resistor has a value of:
    R1R2
    Req
    R1 R2
    Definition: Parallel - the elements share the
    same two end nodes

    Lect3 EEE 202 9


    Now to find I1
    R1 R2
    I
    V R1 R2 R2
    I1 I
    R1 R1 R1 R2
    This is the current divider formula
    It tells us how to divide the current through
    parallel resistors

    Lect3 EEE 202 10


    Three Resistors in Parallel
    I= I1 + I2 + I3

    +
    I1 I2 I3
    I R1 R2 R3 V

    V V V
    I1 I2 I3
    R1 R2 R3

    Lect3 EEE 202 11


    Solve for V
    V V V 1 1 1
    I V
    R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

    1
    V I I Req
    1 1 1

    R1 R2 R3

    Lect3 EEE 202 12


    Equivalent Resistance (Req)
    1
    Req
    1 1 1

    R1 R2 R3

    Which is the familiar equation for parallel resistors:


    1 1 1 1 1

    R par R1 R2 RM Ri

    Lect3 EEE 202 13


    Current Divider
    This leads to a current divider equation for
    multiple parallel resistors
    R par
    IRj IS
    Rj
    For 2 parallel resistors, it reduces to a
    simple form
    Note this equations similarity to the
    voltage divider equation
    Lect3 EEE 202 14
    Example: More Than One
    Source

    +
    I1 I2
    Is1 Is2 R1 R2 V

    How do we find I1 or I2?

    Lect3 EEE 202 15


    Apply KCL at the Top Node
    V V 1 1
    I s1 I s 2 I1 I 2 V
    R1 R2 R1 R2
    +
    I1 I2
    Is1 Is2 R1 R2 V

    R1 R2
    V I s1 I s 2
    R1 R2
    Lect3 EEE 202 16
    Multiple Current Sources
    We find an equivalent current source by
    algebraically summing current sources
    As before, we find an equivalent
    resistance
    We find V as equivalent I times equivalent
    R
    We then find any necessary currents using
    Ohms law
    Lect3 EEE 202 17
    In General: Current Division
    Consider N resistors in parallel:
    R par
    iR j (t ) iS k (t )
    Rj
    1 1 1 1 1

    R par R1 R2 RN Ri

    Special Case (2 resistors in parallel)


    R2
    iR1 (t ) iS (t )
    R1 R2
    Lect3 EEE 202 18
    Superposition
    In any linear circuit containing multiple
    independent sources, the current or voltage
    at any point in the circuit may be calculated
    as the algebraic sum of the individual
    contributions of each source acting alone.

    Lect3 EEE 202 19


    How to Apply Superposition
    To find the contribution due to an
    individual independent source, zero out
    the other independent sources in the
    circuit
    Voltage source short circuit
    Current source open circuit
    Solve the resulting circuit using your
    favorite technique(s)
    Lect3 EEE 202 20
    Superposition of Summing Circuit
    1k 1k
    +
    V1 + +
    Vout 1k V2

    1k 1k 1k 1k
    + +
    V1 + + V2

    Vout 1k + 1k Vout

    Lect3 EEE 202 21


    Use of Superposition
    1k 1k 1k 1k
    + +
    V1 + + V2

    V out

    1k + 1k V

    out

    Vout = V1/3
    Vout = V2/3
    Vout = Vout + Vout = V1/3 + V2/3
    Lect3 EEE 202 22
    Superposition Procedure
    1. For each independent voltage and current
    source (repeat the following):
    a) Replace the other independent voltage sources with
    a short circuit (i.e., V = 0).
    b) Replace the other independent current sources with
    an open circuit (i.e., I = 0).
    Note: Dependent sources are not changed!
    c) Calculate the contribution of this particular voltage or
    current source to the desired output parameter.
    2. Algebraically sum the individual contributions
    (current and/or voltage) from each independent
    source.

    Lect3 EEE 202 23


    Class Examples
    Drill Problems P2-2 & P2-4, P2-7, P2-1 &
    P2-3

    Lect3 EEE 202 24

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