Guidance and Counseling

by Czarina Ann B.
Alfonso
 School years might be the happiest period in
an individuals life.
 It is a point in ones life when friends are
made, new experiences are encountered, and
transitions turn up as one grows and builds
character and personality.
 The school is a nurturing environment where
a person is cultivated and molded in
preparation for adulthood
But the life of a student is not all that it’s
cracked up to be.
Especially that of a teenager. With raging
hormones matched with a sea of seemingly
grave dilemmas, who else can you turn to
when no one seems to listen?
 Guidance is a continuous process of helping the
individuals to understand themselves and their world.
 Guidance is an organized set of specialized services
established as an integral part of the school
environment designed to promote the development of
students
 Guidance seeks to help an individual become familiar
with facts about himself – his interests, abilities,
previous development and plans
 Guidance involves personal help given by someone
 Counseling is a personal relationship between a
professionally trained counselor and someone who aims
to assist him to communicate and meet his immediate
needs and problems
 Counseling is a process in which the structure of the self is
relaxed in the safety of the relationship with the counselor
 Counseling is an interaction process which facilitates
meaningful understanding of self and environment
 Counseling is not giving of information, advise, it is not
brainwashing, it is not forcing beliefs or behavior by
persuasion or coercion. Rather it is providing conditions
which facilitates voluntary change.
The process of helping individuals discover and
develop their educational, vocational, and
psychological potentialities and thereby to achieve
an optimal level of personal happiness and social
usefulness.
Guidance and Counseling plays a vital role in
education settings; identifying potential barriers to
learning, developing and assisting learners to
overcome these barriers, assisting their transition
from education to work, or supporting a transition
into higher education or into further career
opportunities.
 The student life is getting complex day by day .
 Guidance is needed to help the students for optimum
achievement and adequate adjustment in the varied
life situations.
 Need analysis of the students in the schools shows the
need of Guidance and counseling services , in the
education, profession, vocation, social, health, moral,
personal, and marital areas.
1) To help in the total development of the student
2) To help in the proper choices of courses
3) To help in the proper choice of careers
4) To help the students in vocational development
5) To develop readiness for choices and changes to
face new challenges
6) To minimize the mismatching between education
and employment and help in the efficient use of
manpower.
7. To motivate the youth for self employment
8. To help students establish proper identity
9. To identify and motivate the students from weaker
sections of society.
10. To help the students in their period of turmoil and
confusion
11. To help in checking wastage and stagnation
12. To identify and help students in need of special help.
13. To ensure the proper utilization of time spent
outside the classrooms.
14) To help in tackling problems arising out of
students population explosion
15) To check migration to prevent brain drain
16) To make up for the deficiencies of home.
17) To minimize the incidence of indiscipline.
The legal foundation of guidance in the
Philippines has its own beginning in 1951 when the
Joint Congressional Committee on Education, in its
report to Congress stated:
“there should be established in every secondary

school a functional guidance and counseling program
to help the students, to guide them in their work in
school and at home and to help them solve their
problems”
To give more impact on the role of guidance in
the Philippine educational system, Section 4 of
Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 or the Education Act of
1982 states that the educational system shall aim
to
“provide for a broad general education that will
assist each individual, in the peculiar ecology of his
own society, to: a) attain his potentials as a human
being; b) enhance the range and quality of individual
and group participation in the basic functions of
society; and c) acquire the essential educational
foundation of his development into a productive and
versatile citizen”
The realization of these objectives are stipulated
under Section 3, Article XIV of the 1987
Constitution to which:
“All educational institutions shall inculcate
patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity,
respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of
national heroes in the historical development of the
country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship,
strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop
moral character and personal discipline, encourage
critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and
technological knowledge and promote vocational
efficiency.”
The underlying philosophies of guidance are as follows:
1. Know the individual
2. Guidance is primarily dedicated to implement the
essential concern of democracy for the dignity and
worth of the individual
3. Guidance is a life-long process
4. Guidance is based on human needs
5. Guidance is an art of helping individual to plan their
own action wisely, in the full light of all the facts
about the world in which they will live and work
 What is the functions of guidance?
According to Jones, guidance does not solve
the problems for and individual, rather, it helps
the individual solve his problems
This is made possible by making available to
the individual all possible means, opportunities,
avenues of value to him
As a result, there is an increased awareness in
him which results to self knowledge, self-
appraisal and self-understanding
 How is education distinguished from guidance?
Education deals with the entire scope of
human development. All guidance is education
but not all aspects of education are guidance. It is
only when the cooperation of the individual is
secured and assistance is given to him in meeting
his goals that guidance is present
Separation of the two is impossible. When the
individual attempted consciously to goal without
help, guidance is not present
Pseudo-scientific techniques in guidance
Numerology – it is the study of the occult significance of
numbers
Astrology – it is the divination of the supposed influences
of the stars and planets on human affairs and terrestrial
events by their positions and aspects
Graphology – it is the study of handwriting especially for
the purpose of character analysis
Palmistry – the art or practice of reading a person’s
character or future from the lines on the palms
Pseudo-scientific techniques in guidance
Phrenology – the study of the conformation of the skull as

indicative of mental faculties and character traits
Physiognomy – It is the art of discovering temperament,
personality and character from onward appearance
Spiritualism – a belief that spirits of the dead
communicate with the living usually through a medium
Dr. Sinforoso Padilla – Dean of Men of the University of
the Philippines started in 1932 a Psychological Clinic
which dealt with student cases of discipline, emotional,
academic and vocational problems
SY 1934-1940, the Division of City Schools, Manila,
selected and appointed “Dean of Boys” and “Dean of
Girls” – they are assigned to look after the general
behavior and conduct of students
November 1945 – the first Guidance Institute seminar
was held at the National Teachers College, Manila from
No. 23 to Dec 13 with the United Army psychologist as
resource person
Guidance Association of the Philippines – participants of the
Guidance Institute Seminar organized the association
1952 – the Division Superintendent of Schools recommended
the establishment of guidance services in the public schools
December 1953 – another organization was organized, this
was the Philippine Association of Guidance Counselors
Advisement and Guidance Section was established by the
United States Veterans Administration, setting up first
systematic guidance program in the Philippines
Colleges and Universities started offering courses such as
Counseling Psych, Industrial Psych, Clinical Psych and
Human Service Tech.
1. School Heads – they determines the destiny of the
guidance service by his attitude toward it. If he sees it as
having the potential for aiding youngster in their
development and decision-making chances are good that
the service will flourish
2. Guidance Counselor
a. Stimulates interest of other staff members towards the
guidance program
b. Solicits the participation of students
c. Plans the guidance program carefully
d. Keeps well-informed on educational trends
e. Seeks the advice and recommendations of others
d. Keeps parents, teachers and students informed
e. Counsel students
f. Works closely with teachers
3. The Teacher – the teacher’s ideas, suggestions and aid are
essential throughout all phases of the program’s
establishment and development
 They provide appropriate learning experiences and
aiding young people in their personal development
Responsibilities of teachers in Guidance
1. Effective teaching
2. Noting vocational possibilities of various subject areas
Responsibilities of teachers in Guidance
3. Demonstrating a genuine interest in students
4. Encouraging high academic achievement
5. Holding individual conferences with students
6. Providing anecdotal records
7. Assisting the pupil inventory
8. Making student referral
4. School Doctors and Nurses
They are invaluable assistance to the school
guidance program by helping administrators and
teachers to become more aware of their
responsibilities to the children in the realm of health
5. The School Librarian
Her position in the guidance service is unique. They
guide the children’s habits to love books to a great
degree. The librarians help in the upgrading of
children’s reading habits, ability and interests.

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by Czarina Ann B.

“there should be established in every secondary

Phrenology – the study of the conformation of the skull as

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