GSM RF Planning 2
GSM RF Planning 2
GSM RF Planning 2
Introduction
The high level life cycle of the RF network planning process can be
summarised as follows :-
This is intended to :-
• Help an existing operator in building/expanding their network
• Help a new operator in identifying their RF network requirement, e.g.
where their network should be built
• Capacity requirements
– Erlang per subscriber during the busy hour
– Quality of service for the air interface, in terms GoS
– Network capacity
RF Network Design Inputs
• Coverage Thresholds
– Indoor Coverage : Signal Level measured at street better than –65
dBm. Indoor coverage to be provided in commercial complexes,
hotels,technology parks etc.
– In Car Coverage: Signal Level measured at street better than –75 dBm.
In Car coverage to be provided in residential areas, highways, tourist
spots etc.
– Outdoor Coverage : Signal level measured at street better than –85
dBm. All remaining areas to be covered with Outdoor coverage.
– These are general guidelines for planning , specific areas not provided.
Capacity Design Inputs by BSNL
Digitised
CW Drive Databases Customer
Testing Requirements
RF
Propagation Coverage Link
Model Design Budget
CW Drive Testing
CW drive test can be used for the following purposes :-
• Propagation model tuning
• Assessment of the suitability of candidate sites, from both coverage and
interference aspect
• CW Transmitter
– Example : Gator Transmitter (BVS), LMW Series Transmitter (CHASE),
TX-1500 (LCC) etc.
• Accessories
– Including flexible coaxial cable/jumper, Power meter, extended power
cord, GPS, compass, altimeter
CW Drive Testing - Test Preparation
Base Station Antenna Selection
• For propagation model tuning, the test sites should be selected so that :-
– They are distributed within the clutter under study
– The height of the test site should be representative or typical for the
specific clutter
– Preferably not in hilly areas
• A complete set of 360º photographs of the test location (at the test height)
and the antenna setup should be taken for record
CW Drive Testing - Propagation Test
Scanning Receiver Setup - HP 7475A Receiver Example
HP 7475A Receiver
CW Drive Testing - Propagation Test
Scanning Receiver Setup
• The scanning rate of the receiver should always be set to allow at least
36 sample per 40 wavelength to average out the Rayleigh Fading effect.
For example: scanning rate = 100 sample/s
test frequency = 1800 MHz
therefore, to achieve 36 sample/40 wavelength, the max. speed is =
40 0.1667
18.52 m / s 66.67 km / h
36/100
• It is recommended that :-
– Beside scanning the test channel, the neighbouring cells is also
monitored. This information can be used to check the coverage overlap
and potential interference
– Check the field strength reading close to the test antenna before
starting the test, it should approach the scanning receiver saturation
CW Drive Testing - Propagation Test
Drive Test
• Initiate a file to record the measurement with an agreed naming
convention
• Maintain the drive test vehicle speed according to the pre-set scanning
rate
• Follow the pre-plan drive route as closely as possible
• Insert marker wherever necessary during the test to indicate special
locations such as perceived hot spot, potential interferer etc.
• Monitor the GPS signal and field strength level throughout the test, any
extraordinary reading should be inspected before resuming the test
Dismantling Equipment
• It is recommended to re-confirm the transmit power (as the pre-set value)
before dismantling the transmitter setup
Measurement Data Processing
Data Averaging
• This can be done during the drive testing or during the data processing
stage, depending on the scanner receiver and the associated post-
processing software
• The bin size of the distance averaging depends on the size of the human
made structure in the test environment
Report Generation
• For propagation model tuning, the measurement data is exported into the
planning tool (e.g. Asset)
• Plots can also be generated using the processing tool or using MapInfo
• During the export of the measurement data, it is important to take care of
the coordinate system used, a conversion is necessary if different
coordinate systems are used
Propagation Model
Standard Macrocell Model for Asset
LNA
(optional) Penetration Loss
ACE Diversity
Loss Gain
Mobile Transmit Mobile Receiver
Power Sensitivity
BTS Transmit BTS Receiver
Power Sensitivity
Link Budget
BTS Transmit Power
• Maximum transmit power
• GSM900 and 1800 networks use radios with 46dBm maximum transmit
power
ACE Loss
• Includes all diplexers, combiners and connectors.
• Depends on the ACE configuration
• The ACE configuration depends on the number of TRXs and combiners
used
Body Loss
• Typical value of 2dB body loss is used
MS Antenna Gain
• A typical mobile antenna gain of 2.2 dBi is used
Link Budget
Link Budget Example (GSM900)
UPLINK DOWNLINK
MS Transmit Power 33 dBm BTS Transmit Power 46 dBm
Cable Loss 0 dB ACE Loss Z
MS Antenna Gain 2.2 dBi Feeder Loss 2 dB
Body Loss 2 dB LNA Gain 0 dB
Penetration Loss W BTS Antenna Gain 18 dBi
Slow Fade Margin X Max. Path Loss Y
Max. Path Loss Y Slow Fade Margin X
BTS Antenna Gain 18 dBi Penetration Loss W
LNA Gain 0 dB Body Loss 2 dB
Feeder Loss 2 dB MS Antenna Gain 2.2 dBi
ACE Loss 0 dB Cable Loss 0 dB
Diversity Gain 4 dB Diversity Gain 0 dB
BTS Receiver Sensitivity -107 dBm MS Receiver Sensitivity -102 dBm
Antenna
Antenna Selection
• Gain
• Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
• VSWR
• Frequency range
• Nominal impedance
• Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical planes
• Downtilt available (electrical, mechanical)
• Polarisation
• Connector types (DIN, N)
• Height, weight, windload and physical dimensions
Antenna
The antenna selection process
Link Budget
Propagation Coverage Traffic
model requirements requirements
Maximum
path loss
Nominal RF
Site radius Design • Recalculate the site
(coverage) radius using the
Typical site • Standard hexagon site number of sites from
layout the traffic requirement
configuration • Friendly, candidate sites • Repeat the nominal
• Transmit Power • Initial site survey inputs RF design
• Antenna configuration Coverage site
(type, height, azimuth) count
• Site type (sector, omni)
If the total sites for the traffic requirement is more than the sites
required for coverage, the nominal RF design is repeated using the
number of sites from the traffic requirement
• Recalculating the cell radius for the high traffic density areas
• The calculation steps are :-
– Calculate the area to be covered per site
– Calculate the maximum cell radius
– Calculate the site distance
Site Realisation
• After completion of Nominal design based on cell count ( coverage &
capacity requirements) , search rings for each cell site issued.
Site Id:
Morphology Type:
Site Name:
• Site Name
Latitude: 18 39 ' 49.3 ''N Search Radius:50 m
Antenna Orientation(Deg)
Antenna Type: 65 deg Vertical polarised
• Latitude/Longitude
Sector1
350
Sector2
120
Sector3
240 • Project name
• Issue Number and date
• Ground height
• Clutter environment
• Preliminary configuration
• Number of sector
• Azimuth
• Antenna type
• Antenna height
Coverage Objectives: Krishna Nagar, Jotiba Nagar, Shambaji Nagar, Yamuna Nagar • Location Map & SR radius
Comments
• Search ring objective
Issue Date: Revision No. : R1.1 • Approvals
Name & signature of RF Coordinator
Site Realisation
All parties Produce
Release of Suitable Y Candidates Y Arranged Y
Caravan agreed at Final RF
Search Ring Candidates? Approved? Caravan Design
N N
N
Problem Next
identifying candidate Caravan next
candidate candidate
N Exhausted
candidates
N Exhausted
Y candidates
Discuss Driveby, RF
alternative with suggest possible
customer alternative
Y
N Candidate Y
approved?
N N
Issue design Cell split Additional sites
change required required
Y Y
Site Realisation
Candidate Assessment Report-Site Survey Forms
• Site survey Forms for all suitable candidates for the search ring
• For each candidates :-
– Location (latitude/longitude)
– Location map showing the relative location of the candidates and also
the search ring
– Candidate information (height, owner etc)
– Photographs (360º set, rooftop, access, building)
– Possible antenna orientations
– Possible base station equipment location
– Information for any existing antennas
– Planning reports/comments (restrictions, possibilities of approval etc.)
Site Realisation-Site Survey Form
Date
TECHNICAL SITE SURVEY FORM
June 12, 2004
Final RF Configuration Form
BSNL Circle Bihar
CITY / SSA
Site ID BHPAT-09 BSNL/ NBSNL • Base Station configuration
Site Name Patna 09
–
Owner Name
Address & Contact No. Azimuth
Construction
Tower Type
Container/Room
Traffic
Requirement
Maximum number of
TRX per cell
Total subscribe rs
Total sites
Subscriber supported per site
Traffic Engineering
Erlang B Table
N 1% 1.20% 1.50% 2% 3% 5% 7% 10% 15% 20% 30% 40% 50%
1 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.1 0.11 0.18 0.25 0.43 0.67 1
2 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.22 0.28 0.38 0.5 0.6 0.8 1 1.45 2 2.73
3 0.46 0.49 0.54 0.6 0.72 0.9 1.1 1.27 1.6 1.93 2.63 3.48 4.59
4 0.87 0.92 0.99 1.09 1.26 1.52 1.8 2.05 2.5 2.95 3.89 5.02 6.5
5 1.36 1.43 1.52 1.66 1.88 2.22 2.5 2.88 3.45 4.01 5.19 6.6 8.44
6 1.91 2 2.11 2.28 2.54 2.96 3.3 3.76 4.44 5.11 6.51 8.19 10.4
7 2.5 2.6 2.74 2.94 3.25 3.74 4.1 4.67 5.46 6.23 7.86 9.8 12.4
8 3.13 3.25 3.4 3.63 3.99 4.54 5 5.6 6.5 7.37 9.21 11.4 14.3
9 3.78 3.92 4.09 4.34 4.75 5.37 5.9 6.55 7.55 8.52 10.6 13 16.3
10 4.46 4.61 4.81 5.08 5.53 6.22 6.8 7.51 8.62 9.68 12 14.7 18.3
11 5.16 5.32 5.54 5.84 6.33 7.08 7.7 8.49 9.69 10.9 13.3 16.3 20.3
12 5.88 6.05 6.29 6.61 7.14 7.95 8.6 9.47 10.8 12 14.7 18 22.2
13 6.61 6.8 7.05 7.4 7.97 8.83 9.5 10.5 11.9 13.2 16.1 19.6 24.2
14 7.35 7.56 7.82 8.2 8.8 9.73 10.5 11.5 13 14.4 17.5 21.2 26.2
15 8.11 8.33 8.61 9.01 9.65 10.6 11.4 12.5 14.1 15.6 18.9 22.9 28.2
16 8.88 9.11 9.41 9.83 10.5 11.5 12.4 13.5 15.2 16.8 20.3 24.5 30.2
17 9.65 9.89 10.2 10.7 11.4 12.5 13.4 14.5 16.3 18 21.7 26.2 32.2
18 10.4 10.7 11 11.5 12.2 13.4 14.3 15.5 17.4 19.2 23.1 27.8 34.2
19 11.2 11.5 11.8 12.3 13.1 14.3 15.3 16.6 18.5 20.4 24.5 29.5 36.2
20 12 12.3 12.7 13.2 14.0 15.2 16.3 17.6 19.6 21.6 25.9 31.2 38.2
21 12.8 13.1 13.5 14 14.9 16.2 17.3 18.7 20.8 22.8 27.3 32.8 40.2
22 13.7 14 14.3 14.9 15.8 17.1 18.2 19.7 21.9 24.1 28.7 34.5 42.1
23 14.5 14.8 15.2 15.8 16.7 18.1 19.2 20.7 23 25.3 30.1 36.1 44.1
Traffic Engineering
If a traffic map is provided, the traffic engineering is done together
with the coverage design
Swap Strategy
- No. of existing BTS sites with configuration known
- No. of new sites with configuration known.
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