Quarter 4- week 1

DAY 1
Sandstone is used to build buildings.
Marble is used for monuments, buildings floor, counter
tops, and kitchen items.
Limestone is used to decorative trims, buildings,
monuments park bench.
Granite is used for monuments, buildings,
grave markers.
Group Activity: “Classifying Rocks”
I. Problem: How are rocks classified?
II. Materials: sample of rocks, magnifying glass, coin, glass, fingernail
III. Procedure:
1. Put all rock samples in a container.
2. Examine the rocks. Use the magnifying lens to observe the
physical properties of rocks such as color, contents, and texture
of each sample.
3. Rub the rocks against each other. Scratch the rock using the
glass and your fingernail.
4. Look for some features that are similar with the sample.
Determine if they have the same color, crystal or mineral
contents, and hardness
5. Group similar samples
Guided Questions:
4. In what ways are rocks similar?
5. In what ways are rocks differ? What do you think is
the cause for all
these differences?
6. Into how many groups have you classified your rock
samples?
7. What are the criteria you used in grouping them?

IV. Conclusion:
__________________________________________
1. Describe the colors of the rocks. Are they
different?
2. Do they have different size, shape and texture?
3. How do we know that they absorb much water?
4. Were the rocks that did not break when you
scratch them?
5. How do you describe these rocks?
6. How were you able to classify the rocks?
7. What did we use to determine the hardness of
rocks?
Directions: Identify the property of the mineral described. The first letter
given will serve as your clue.

1. What R refers to the solid materials that make up most of Earth’s

crust?________ ROCKS
2. What H refers to the way a mineral resists being scratched? _____
3.HARDNESS
What S is used to test the hardness of a mineral? _______
4. What L refers to the way a mineral reflects light? ________SCRATCHING
5. What C refers to the property of minerals to break along one or more
smooth,
LUSTER flat surface?_________

CLEAVAGE
In building a house which
do you think are you going
to use?

Why do you say so?

What is a rock?
 Rocks are combination of one or more minerals that
are naturally formed and found on the surface or
beneath the surface of earth.
 Rocks and minerals may be classified according to
their characteristics such as, texture, color, luster,
streak, hardness, specific gravity, cleavage, and
shape
 What are the characteristics of rocks?
1. Color
- it is the most observable characteristic of
work. However, some mineral have different
colors due to impurities and chemical
reactions.
For example: pure quartz, or silicon dioxide,
is a colorless mineral. Amethyst is violet. A
trace of other elements makes it green, pink,
blue, or some other color.
What are the characteristics of rocks?
2. Luster
- it describes the way light reflects off a surface of a mineral.
Silver and gold possess a metallic luster that makes these very
shiny, while non – metallic are dull.

Some kinds of non – metallic luster are pearly, greasy or dull like
pyroxene and muscovite
What are the characteristics of rocks?
3. Streaks
- it refers to the color of a thin layer
powdered mineral. It is obtained by rubbing a
mineral against a hard surface such as
porcelain or unglazed tile. The mineral “streak
off” into powder. Hematite can be red, black,
or brown; but if you rub it against a rough
surface, it will produce a reddish – brown
streak.
What are the characteristics of rocks?
4. Cleavage
- it is the property of minerals
that refers to how they break. A
mineral has good cleavage if it
breaks along irregular surface.
What are the characteristics of rocks?
5. Hardness
- the hardness of a mineral is measured by how it
scratches a softer object or how a harder object scratches
it. Hardness can be measured by scratching one mineral
with another mineral, a steel
knife blade, your fingernail or a shiny copper coin. -
Diamond is the hardest mineral because it can scratch all
other minerals.
-Talc is the softest mineral because it can be easily
scratched by all other minerals as well as by a fingernail.
Evaluating learning
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. A. Size
1. Which of the following best describes a rock? B. Texture
A. Solid and organic material C. Shape
B. Solid and inorganic material D. Color
C. Solid and liquid organic material 4. While doing the activity, you observed that some
D. Liquid and inorganic material rocks can be scratched by other rocks. This shows that
rocks differ in _________.
2. In your science activity, you observed that some rock A. Size
samples are big while others are small. Your B. Color
observation clearly shows that the rocks may differ in C. Hardness
______. D. Shape
A. Color 5. In your science class, you were able to observe that
B. Hardness rocks differ in size, color, shape texture and hardness.
C. Shape This observation shows that rocks
D. Size ________.
A. Maybe soft or hard
3. Your teacher asked you to use a hand lens to observe B. Maybe light or dark – colored
the rock samples. You noticed that some rocks have C. Maybe big or small
coarse grains while others have fine grains in them. This D. Have different characteristics
shows that rocks differ in ________.
DAY 2
KINDS OF ROCKS
1. Igneous rocks
- are formed from the cooling of volcanic materials such as magma
or lava.

BASALT
GRANITE RHYOLITE
KINDS OF ROCKS
2. Sedimentary rocks
- are formed from sediments from rivers and streams. Bodies of water
like streams and rivers carry rock, sand and mud as well as bodies of
living things to the sea. These settle at the bottom and are called
sediments.

SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE or

mudstone
KINDS OF ROCKS
Metamorphic rocks
- are formed due to changes in temperature, pressure, and chemical
composition that happen to either igneous or sedimentary rocks.

MARBLE GNEISS SLATE

• Minerals
- are substances that occur naturally and have an exact
chemical composition or structure.

• Crystallization
- is the process by which a substance assumes the form and
structure of a crystal, or becomes crystallized, as it solidifies.
There are also minerals that can be formed through evaporation of
seawater. As the water slowly evaporates, it leaves mineral
deposits in the form of crystals.
Directions: Classify the following rocks. Write I on the
blank for igneous, S for sedimentary, and M for
metamorphic rocks.

1. Basalt _________
2. Limestone __________
3. Granite ____________
4. Marble ____________
5. Gneiss ____________
Evaluating learning
Direction: Write the word ROCKS if the statement is correct and MINERALS if it is
incorrect.
___________ 1. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the cooling of
volcanic materials.
___________ 2. The rock cycle is the continuous process of
transforming rocks from one type to another.
___________ 3. There are three types of rocks – igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic.
___________ 4. A mineral occurs naturally and has an exact chemical
composition or structure.
___________ 5. Metamorphic rocks are formed due to changes in
temperature, pressure and chemical composition that happen to either igneous or
sedimentary rocks.
Day 3
REVIEW
What is Igneous Rock?

What is Sedimentary Rock?

What is Metamorphic Rock?

 Uses of Rocks

I Know I want to know I Learned

MARBLE
- Used to make statues and in grand buildings; India’s
Taj Mahal is made from it.
 TALC
- Used in roofing and ceramics; helps plant to grow; a family
of rock.
PYROLUSITE TALC MALACHITE DOLOMITE FELDSPAR COAL
MARBLE BAUXITE SULFUR GRAPHITE HALITE
___________1.
TALC Used in roofing and ceramics; helps plant to grow; a family of rock.
___________2. Used in fireworks, matches, and stink bombs; found naturally in eggs, yellow
color.
___________3. Contains manganese that used in railroad tracks and purple glass; named for
fire
___________4. Ore of aluminum; the aluminum is used in cans and airplanes; forms in round
shapes called concretions.
___________5. Ore of zinc; the zinc is used in pennies; look like other rocks.
___________6. Used in pencils and to unstick locks; related to diamond
___________7. Used to make statues and in grand buildings; India’s Taj Mahal is made from
it.
___________8. Used as a food preservative and melt ice on roads; it’s salt
Personally, did you used rock
daily? In what way? Cite
evidences.
Why is rock important?
• Rocks are considered important to humans. Sedimentary rocks are
known to contain fossils. Geologist and archeologist use these fossils
to identify and learn about the characteristics and structure of plants
and animals that existed in the past.
• Rocks are sources of metals such as gold, silver, aluminum, and
copper. These metals are used in making equipment, tools, utensils,
wires, and other materials used in homes and offices. Sedimentary
rocks can be sources of crude oil when heat, pressure, and other
organisms act on them. This oil provides gasoline, diesel, petroleum,
and kerosene that are used to operate machines and industries.
• Some minerals in rocks are sources of precious and
semi-precious gems. Gems are used for aesthetic
purposes. People sometimes use earrings, rings, and
bracelets with gems as jewelry and fashion accessories.
Some rocks are used as building materials. Others are
used in making monuments or statues. In primitive
times, rocks were used as tools in hunting animals and
in making fires.
Direction: Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Why does sedimentary rocks are important to geologist and archeologist?
A. It serves as decoration
B. They used it to make a jewel
C. They used it to study the structure of things that existed in the past.
D. It serves as collections.
2. Which of the following would not be used from rocks and minerals?
A. Jewelry
B. Building
C. Electrical device
D. Ceramics
3. Chalk is used to write on blackboards because ...
A. It wears away easily
B. It is permeable
C. It doesn’t float
D. It has graphite
4. Marble is often used for statues or grand buildings because ...
A. it has attractive textures and colours
B. it splits easily into thin sheets
C. it wears away easily
D. All of the above
5. What could be a problem with a monument made from chalk?
A. It wouldn't float
B. It couldn't be shaped
C. It could crumble over time
D. All of the above
Day 4
4 PICS 1 WORD
4 PICS 1 WORD
Activity I
Water vs. rocks
I. Problem: How does water weather rocks?
II. Materials: sponge, sink with a faucet, bar of soap tray
III. Procedure:
1. Place the sponge in the tray.
2. Put the bar of soap on the top of the sponge.
3. Position the tray under the faucet. It will serve as the waterfall.
4. Open a faucet and let the water hit the center of the soap for a few minutes.
VIII. Observation:
5. What happen to the soap after allowing the water to hit its surface?
6. What is most likely to happen if we let the water hit the bar of
soap continuously?
Activity II
Acid versus rock
I. Problem: How do the acid and acid rain break rocks?
II. Materials: hydrochloric acid, rock sample, plastic plate/dish
III. Procedure:
1. You will be given a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid.
Although
the acid is safe to handle, it irritates the skin after prolonged
contact. Wash your hands after handling the acid.
2. Place a rock sample on a plastic plate or enameled dish.
Pour
the acid to the rock sample.
3. Immerse the rock in the acid for a few minutes.
Observation:
1. What happens the acid gets in contact
with the rock?
2. What will happen to the rock after
prolonged exposure to the acid?
3. What can you infer from this
observation?
What is weathering?

What are the types of weathering?

How do you differ chemical from

mechanical weathering?
 How do you describe the weathering?
• Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into sediments.
a) Mechanical weathering - occurs when rocks break down into smaller pieces due
to physical forces, such as water and temperature, without changing the mineral
compositions of the rocks. Rocks exposed to the intense heat of the sun crack and
crumble when rain falls and soak into the ground. In temperate regions, the water
that accumulates in the cracks or crevices of rocks alternately contract and
expands as the temperature in the air changes. The expansion is brought about by
the freezing temperature. As the rocks expand, the cracks become deeper and
new cracks are produced as well.
b) Chemical weathering - happens when rocks break down due to reaction with
water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and organic acids. This process forms new
substances from the minerals of rocks.
Developing mastery
Directions: FACT if the situation tells about weathering and BLUFF if it not.
1. In the process of mechanical weathering the physical characteristic of the
rocks are changed but their chemical compositions remain the same.
2. When rocks are worn down by water, wind, or other means, they undergo
weathering.
3. Rocks and minerals that are exposed to heat, water, and different gasses in
the air are transformed into new chemical compounds.
4. Tree roots can grow into cracks and break rocks apart.
5. Weathering is the process that wears away surface materials and moves
them from one location to another.
How does the water
that falls down from a
high place break down
the rocks below?
Evaluating learning
Direction: Identify the change happening in each situation. Write PW for
physical weathering and CW for chemical weathering.
________1.
PW A boulder of shore is slowly broken apart by the force of water.
________2. Earthworm make tunnels in the ground which may lead to the
breakdown
PW of stones and rocks.
________3. Some plants release chemicals which loosen the rocks and
causeCWthem to break.
________4. Water inside the rocks freezes and melts again.
PW
________The chemical composition of rocks changes when acid is
produced
CW by the roots of some plants.
DAY 5
REVIEW
Direction: Classify the following situation as to physical weathering or
chemical weathering.
1. The boulder along the shore of Barangay Berinayan is slowly broken
apart by the force of water. - PHYSICAL
2. The squirrels make tunnels in the ground which may lead to the
breakdown of stones and rocks. - PHYSICAL
3. Some plants releases chemicals which loosen the rocks and cause them
to break. - CHEMICAL
4. Water inside the rocks freezes and melts again. - PHYSICAL
5. The chemical composition of rocks changes when acid is produced by
the roots of some plants. - PHYSICAL
Read the sentences below. Find the missing words then write them in the empty
spaces and find these hidden word in the puzzle. Words mightbe hidden
horizontally, vertically and perhaps even back to front.
1. Rain is mildly __________ and it slowly eats away rocks. Rain slowly
dissolves __________, it turns the feldspars in __________ into soft clay.
2. In the __________, rocks expands during the heat of the day and contract at
night when temperature cool.
3. ____________ weathering occurs when a chemical, such as acid rai, breaks
down rocks.
4. Sheets of rocks slowly __________ away.
5. __________weathering is the process of weathering through external forces,
such as freeze thaw cycles.
6. The __________ of the Earth is constantly being changed due to weathering
process.
7. When plants or microbes breakdown rocks, the process is known as
__________ weathering.
8. All living things need elements, such as __________, potassium and iron, as
nutrients. These minerals are found within rocks.
 acidic and it slowly eats away rocks. Rain slowly
1. Rain is mildly __________
dissolves __________, it turns the feldspars in __________ into soft clay.
Read the sentences below. Find the missing words then write them in the empty spaces and find
these hidden word in the puzzle. Words might be hidden horizontally, vertically and perhaps even
back to front.
1. Rain is mildly __________ and it slowly eats away rocks. Rain slowly
dissolves __________, it turns the feldspars in __________ into soft clay.
2. In the __________, rocks expands during the heat of the day and contract at night when
temperature cool.
3. ____________ weathering occurs when a chemical, such as acid rai, breaks down rocks.
4. Sheets of rocks slowly __________ away.
5. __________weathering is the process of weathering through external forces, such as freeze
thaw cycles.
Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2
Read each statement carefully, then tell what agent of weathering being described. Pick your answer on the word bank.
__________1. The sun rays heat up the rocks and rain cools them down. The exposure to
temperature
changing temperatures causes stress on the outer surfaces of the rocks and eventually
breaks the rocks into pieces.
__________2. Water seeps in through some opening or fissures in rocks. When water
water
freezes, it expands and enlarges these opening. The continued expansion eventually
breaks the rocks into fragments. This process is called frost wedging.
__________3. As roots of plants grow, they may enter fractures in rocks and exert
pressure on these spaces. Continues pressure eventually causes the rocks to break apart.
plants is called root wedging.
This process

Temperature Water Plants Abrasive agents animals

oxygen marble
Carbon dioxide Plants and animals
.
Abrasive agents Wind, running water, or ice sometimes carries rock
_____________4.
fragments or sand grains that act like sandpaper whenever they strike the
surfaces of rocks. This process of wearing away rocks due to the scouring action
of particles is called abrasion.
_____________5.
animals Animals that burrow in the ground, such as moles and
rabbits, move deeply buried rocks to the surface where they can be affected by
physical and chemical processes. Buried rock layers may also be exposed and
left vulnerable to water and acid intrusion.

Temperature Water Plants Abrasive agents

animals oxygen marble
Carbon dioxide Plants and animals
_____________6.
oxygen Oxygen combine with iron to produce iron oxide or rust. This
type of chemical reaction is called oxidation. Rocks with iron-rich minerals are
easily oxidized, thus producing rusty colors on their surfaces. Rust softens the
rocks.
_____________7.
Carbon dioxide In addition to oxygen, carbon dioxide also plays a role in
chemical weathering. When carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves in
rainwater, carbonic acid is formed. Precipitation that contains carbonic acid
reacts with the minerals in rocks in a process called carbonation. Carbonic acid
can easily weather marble and limestone.

Temperature Water Plants Abrasive agents

animals oxygen marble
Carbon dioxide Plants and animals
_____________8.
water Water weathers rocks either by dissolving their minerals to form a
solution or by combining directly with some minerals to form new minerals. Both processes
occur as a result of chemical reaction called hydration.
_____________9. A number of plants and animals may create chemical weathering
through
Plantsthe
Andrelease of acidic compounds. The most common form is the release of acids by
Animals
plants which break aluminum- and iron-rich compounds in soils beneath them. Decaying
remains of dead plants and animals in soil may also form organic acids, which, when
dissolved in water, affect surrounding rocks and soil.

Temperature Water Plants Abrasive agents

animals oxygen marble Carbon
dioxide Plants & animals
 AGENTS OF WEATHERING
MECHANICAL CHEMICAL
Choose the correct characteristics of a stone based on its description.
_______1. it describes the way light reflects off a surface of a mineral.
_______2. it refers to the color of a thin layer powdered mineral. It is obtained by
rubbing a mineral against a hard surface such as porcelain or unglazed tile.
_______3. it is the most observable characteristic of work. However, some mineral
have different colors due to impurities and chemical reactions.
_______4. it is the property of minerals that refers to how they break.
_______5. can be measured by scratching one mineral with another mineral, a
steelknife blade, your fingernail or a shiny copper coin.

COLOR CLEAVAGE HARDNESS

LUSTER STREAKS
Give the type of rocks that is being describe by each sentence.

_______6. Rocks are formed due to changes in temperature, pressure,

and chemical composition that happen to either igneous or sedimentary
rocks.
_______7. Rocks are formed from sediments from rivers and streams.
Bodies of water like streams and rivers carry rock, sand and mud as well
as bodies of living things to the sea.
_______8. Rocks are formed from the cooling of volcanic materials
such as magma or lava.
9. Give 1 example of igneous rock
10. Give 1 example of sedimentary rock
11. Give 1 example of metamorphic rock

What are the two types of weathering?

12._______
13._______
Direction: Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
14. Why does sedimentary rocks are important to geologist and archeologist?
A. It serves as decoration
B. They used it to make a jewel
C. They used it to study the structure of things that existed in the past.
D. It serves as collections.
15. Which of the following would not be used from rocks and minerals?
A. Jewelry
B. Building
C. Ceramics
D. Plastic cups
16. Chalk is used to write on blackboards because ...
A. It wears away easily
B. It is permeable
C. It doesn’t float
D. It has graphite
17. Marble is often used for statues or grand buildings because ...
A. it has attractive textures and colours
B. it splits easily into thin sheets
C. it wears away easily
D. All of the above
18. What could be a problem with a monument made from chalk?
A. It wouldn't float
B. It couldn't be shaped
C. It could crumble over time
D. All of the above
Directions: Classify the following rocks. Write I on the
blank for igneous, S for sedimentary, and M for
metamorphic rocks.

19. Limestone __________

20. Granite ____________