GPS: Working Principle and Its Applications

1
GPS:
WORKING PRINCIPLE AND ITS
APPLICATIONS
2 Why do we need GPS?
 Trying to figure out where you are is

probable man’s oldest pastime.
 Finally US Department of Defense

decided to form a worldwide
positioning system.
 Also known as NAVSTAR (

Navigation Satellite Timing and
Ranging Global positioning system)
provides instantaneous position,
velocity and time information.
INTRODUCTION
3
 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are space-based radio positioning
systems that provide time and three dimensional images.
 In the past, humans have used a variety of methods to determine their
exact location. Early travelers used landmarks as guides. The sailors were
forced to use the stars to guide them at sea.
 GPS is a modern technology. The importance of GPS in our daily life is
undeniable.
 It has a major goal of making tasks easier to execute as well as solving
many humankinds problems.
 It is very importance in the field, like, Health, Crime, Transportation &
Communication and the applications of it has been increased.
 As GPS continues to advance and direct even more easiness in the
field of resources management, there is a need to stress how
advantageous it has been to the diverse field of research and
development.
The GPS project first began in 1973. The GPS system
4
became fully operational in 1994.
Developed by the US Dept. of Defense
Satellite-based
Designed to provide positioning and timing information:
24 hours/day, 7 days/week
Under any weather conditions
Anywhere in the world
Three components: Space, Ground, User
5 Components of the GPS
GPS
Space Segment Control Segment User Segment

1. Space Component
6
24 satellites in constellation

orbit every 12 hours at 11,500 miles
4 satellites in each of 6 orbital planes
transmit a uniquely coded radio signal
equipped with onboard atomic clock
UNH COOPERATIVE EXTENSION 2008

2. Control Component
7
 Ground-based monitoring and upload stations.

 Control orbit and timing information.
 Maintains satellite in its proper orbits.
UNH COOPERATIVE EXTENSION 2008

3. USER COMPONENT
8
Military and civilian users

Navigation and positioning applications on land
Used to calculate 3d position and time.
9 IMPORTANCE
 Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based navigation system.
 GPS is used in guiding & mapping applications and also used in location
services.
 In present days, GPS is not only provide the position but GPS is also used in
various applications in computer science like wireless video processing &
monitoring using mobile, localization of automobile, in fisheries & marine
studies.
 Airlines, trucking companies, shipping companies, and car owners all use
GPS system to monitor and track the location of flights, trucks, vessels, and
cars. The navigation route can be monitored in the shortest time possible
and as accurately as possible.
 This is a radio based navigation system that gives three dimensional
coverage of the Earth 24 hours a day.
10 WORKING
The receiver picks up the

signals from the satellites
Uses signal travel time to
calculate distance to the
satellites
Triangulates to
determine position of the
receiver
11
Quick Trigonometry review
- One radius measurement locates me to any point
along a circle
- Two radius measurements narrows my
position to only two points
- A third radius will narrow the position to
only one value
- If the timing offset is consistent, a fourth
radius measurement will compensate
the errors
And remember, there should usually be

six satellites available (in perfect
conditions)
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13
14
SOURCE OF ERROR IN GPS
 Multipathing
 Atmospheric Delays
 Clocks
 Orbits
 Receiver electronics
 Relativity
 Geoid models and other really techie stuff
15 REFERENCES
 A E Rabbery, Introduction to GPS: The Global Positioning System , Artech Publishers,
2006
 P. Singal & R. S. Chiller, A review on GPS & its applications in computer science,
International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol 3, Issue 5,
2014.
 UNH COOPERATIVE EXTENSION 2008
 National Science Teachers Association 2007 Annual Conference, St. Louis, MO,
March 31, 2007

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1

 Trying to figure out where you are is

 Finally US Department of Defense

 Also known as NAVSTAR (

Space Segment Control Segment User Segment

24 satellites in constellation

UNH COOPERATIVE EXTENSION 2008

 Ground-based monitoring and upload stations.

UNH COOPERATIVE EXTENSION 2008

Military and civilian users

The receiver picks up the

And remember, there should usually be

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