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    1-Introduction To Instrumentation

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    farazdk
    The document introduces analog and digital instruments. It discusses their functions of indicating, recording, and controlling. It also covers electrical units like current, voltage, resistance, inductance and capacitance. The six SI base units - meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, ampere and coulomb - are identified along with common units. Standards are defined from international to primary, secondary and working levels with calibration processes.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    1-Introduction To Instrumentation

    Uploaded by

    farazdk
    52 views9 pages
    The document introduces analog and digital instruments. It discusses their functions of indicating, recording, and controlling. It also covers electrical units like current, voltage, resistance, inductance and capacitance. The six SI base units - meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, ampere and coulomb - are identified along with common units. Standards are defined from international to primary, secondary and working levels with calibration processes.

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    1-Introduction to Instrumentation

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    The document introduces analog and digital instruments. It discusses their functions of indicating, recording, and controlling. It also covers electrical units like current, voltage, resistance, inductance and capacitance. The six SI base units - meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, ampere and coulomb - are identified along with common units. Standards are defined from international to primary, secondary and working levels with calibration processes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    52 views9 pages

    1-Introduction To Instrumentation

    Uploaded by

    farazdk
    The document introduces analog and digital instruments. It discusses their functions of indicating, recording, and controlling. It also covers electrical units like current, voltage, resistance, inductance and capacitance. The six SI base units - meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, ampere and coulomb - are identified along with common units. Standards are defined from international to primary, secondary and working levels with calibration processes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Introduction to Instrumentation

    The term analog instrument was coined to


    identify deflection –type instruments and to
    distinguish these from totally different
    instruments, which display in decimal (digital) form
    the value of the quantity being measured.
    These newer instruments are called digital
    instruments .

    12/08/21 1
    Functions & characteristics of
    Instruments
    Instruments serve three basic functions :
    1.Indicating
    2.Recording
    3.controlling
    A particular instrument may serve any one or
    more three of these functions simultaneously.
    -general purpose electrical and electronic test
    instrument primarily provide indicating and
    12/08/21 2
    Recording functions, the instrumentation used
    in industrial-purpose situations frequently
    provides a control function .the entire system
    may then be called a control or automated
    system.

    - There are many ways to measure the value of


    different quantities some physical quantities
    are best measured by purely mechanical means
    .

    12/08/21 3
    Other quantities are measured by methods that
    are primarily electrical .other wise
    measurements are made with electronic
    instruments that contain an amplifying circuit
    to increase the amplitude of the quantity being
    measured.
    - Although some electronic instruments are more
    expensive than simple electrical instruments,
    they offer some significant advantages for
    measurement purpose .
    12/08/21 4
    Electrical Units
    There are six electrical quantities are of concern
    when we make electrical measurements.

    - The six quantities are :


    1. Electric charge , Q,
    2. Electric current , I,
    3. Electromotive force or potential difference ,V,
    4. Resistance , R,
    5. Inductance , L ,
    6. Capacitance , C ,

    12/08/21 5
    Six fundamental and some Derived Quantities
    of the SI System
    Quantity Unit Unit
    Symbol Abbreviation
    Fundamental Length L Meter m
    Mass m Kilogram kg
    Time T Second s
    Temperature T Degree kelvin o
    k
    Electric Current I Ampere A
    Electromotive force V Volt V
    Quantity of charge Q Coulomb C
    Electrical resistance R Ohm Ω

    Capacitance C Farad F
    Inductance L henry H
    12/08/21 6
    Measurement Standards
    Standards are defined in four categories :
    a) The international Standards are defined by
    international agreement. These standards are
    maintained at the international Bureau of weight and
    measurement in Paris and are periodically evaluated
    and checked by absolute measurements in terms of
    the fundamental units of physics. they represent
    certain units of measurement to the closest possible
    accuracy attainable by the science and technology of
    measurement.
    12/08/21 7
    b) The primary Standards :
    - are maintained at national standards laboratories in
    different countries.
    - Primary standards are not available for use outside
    the national laboratories. their principle function is
    the calibration and verification of secondary
    standards.
    c) The secondary Standards :
    are the basic reference standards used by
    measurement and calibration laboratories in the
    industry to which they belong each industrial
    laboratory periodically sends its secondary standards
    to the national standards laboratory for
    12/08/21 8
    - Calibration. After calibration the secondary standards
    are returned to the industrial laboratory with a
    certification of measuring accuracy in terms of a
    primary standard.

    e ) The working standards : are the principal tools of a


    measurements laboratory or to make comparison
    measurements in industrial application .

    12/08/21 9

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