Cesar Pme

Proposed
Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance

of Centralized Air Conditioning System
and Its Auxiliaries
for Liberty Commercial Center (LCC) Mall
at Naga City
By
CESAR B. BERMUNDO, PhD, RME
HISTORY
LCC Legazpi City

16 branches
6 Malls,
4 Combo Stores and
6 Stand Alone
Bicol Region.
Naga City
November of 1997
Operation
3 generator sets
rated at 915 kW
consumption:
414 MWatt-Hr
power load:
Liberty Commercial Center 1MVA/KVA
4 chillers of 210 tons each

11 Air Handling Units
Power: 25hp motor each.
The Engineering Department Organizational Set-up
Location Map
Design Computation
Design Condition
Building Dimension: 176.00 m x 68.5 m

Floor Area (Interior only): 12 056.00 m2 (or 129 703.27 ft2)
Wall Height: 6 m (or 19.68 ft)
Inside Room Design Temperature: 75°F DB; 50% RH

Outside Design Temperature: 88°F DB; 78°F WB
Daily Range Temperature: 20 °F
Average Mean Temperature: 85 °F
Design Month: April

Peak Hour Design: 3:00 pm (As Standard Time)
HEAT LOAD COMPUTATIONS
I - External Load
1. Roof Construction = 1 379 021.89 Btu/hr

2. Walls = 119 008.17 Btu/hr
3. Glass Conduction = 25 326.03 Btu/hr
4. Solar Heat Gain = 16 212.87 Btu/hr
5. Ceiling = 149 158.76 Btu/hr
Total External Heat Load = 1616 018.96 Btu/hr
II –Internal Load
A - Sensible Heat Components

1. Lights = 186 715.58 Btu/Hr
2. People = 1 065 000.00 Btu/Hr
3. Appliances and Amusement = 173 065.00 Btu/Hr
4. Duct (Heat Gain and Losses = 81 125.59 Btu/hr
5. Fan HP (supply and return) = 141 969.79 Btu/hr
ERSHL = 1 575 188.66 Btu/hr
Effective Room Sensible Heat Load
II –Internal Load
B - Latent Heat Components

1. People = 1 200 000.00 Btu/hr
2. Appliances and Amusement = 173 065.00 Btu/Hr
3. Duct Heat Gain and Losses) = 81 125.59 Btu/hr
4. Fan Hp (supply and return) = 81 125.59 Btu/hr
ERLHL = 1 598 362.42 Btu/hr
Effective Room Latent Heat Load
I - External Load = 1 616 018.96 Btu/hr
II –Internal Load
A - Sensible Heat Components = 1 575 188.66 Btu/hr
B - Latent Heat Components = 1 598 362.42 Btu/hr
III - Ventilation Load = 4 460 708.00 Btu/hr
Total Heat Load = 9 250 276.04 Btu/hr

Total Heat Load = 9 250 276.04 Btu/hr
Total Room Tonnage = TRHL x (1 Ton of Refrigeration / 12000 Btu/hr)
= 770.87 Tons of Refrigeration
This conforms with the approximate 16-18 m2 / tons
of refrigeration for commercial establishment.
Equipment design
A – The Chiller
= Total room tonnage / 65% total efficiency
= 770.87 Tons of Refrigeration / 0.65
= 1 186 ton of refrigerant equipment
Chiller Capacity = 1 186 / 4 chillers = 296.5 tons per chiller
Use 4 chillers of 300 tons per chiller with 6” pipe size.
B – The Air Handling Unit

Air flow inside the Establishment
CFM = 96 302.94 ft3/min / 10 AHU = 9 630 cfm per AHU
Use 10 units of 10 000 cfm AHU
Use 10 units of 10 000 cfm Fans
Note: Components go with the package of the equipment.
The Air Conditioning System
The Water Installation Diagram
Schematic Diagram of Multiple Chiller and AHU Piping Connection

The electrical safety switches connections and layout
Auxiliary Contacts
CR - Control Relay
OR - Overload Relay
HPS - High Pressure Switch
LPS - Low Pressure Switch
LLS - Liquid Line Solenoid
DPC - Dual-Pressure
Refrigerant Control
OPSS - Oil Pressure Safety Switch
Single-zone draw-through air-handling unit
Proposed Air Duct Layout for LCC-Naga
Observations and Comments
Commissioning is evaluating and performance testing an existing building’s

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) units. Using such
procedure on the HVAC of LCC Mall-Naga, the following observations and
comments are arrived at:
•It was observed that the ceiling of the mall is too high. This makes the area that
has to be cooled bigger and therefore requires more electric power to produce a
larger volume of cooled air.
•The chiller is on the second floor of the next building and uses longer pipes
that go around the building. This is not cost efficient as it causes heat transfer
losses.
•The Mall does not have a resident professional mechanical engineer. Although
the corporation that owns the Mall has a corporate mechanical engineer, this
corporate mechanical engineer is not based in Naga City. The engineer in
charged of the Mall operations is only a registered mechanical engineer.
Recommendations
Based on the foregoing observations, the following are recommended:
•The chiller pipes should be rearranged in such a way that it will reduce the length of
chilled water pipes by 20% and water heat transfer losses by 15%.
•A bridge for the supply pipes of water should be built so that the chiller pipes will not
go down the first floor then go up to the second floor. This will reduce heat loss caused
by flooding since the area is flood-prone. A 15% reduction in length will mean 10%
reduction in heat transfer losses.
•A partition ceiling should be constructed in order to reduce the volume occupied by the
cooled air, and thus, reduce power cost.
•A schedule of the chiller operation should be made in order to minimize the cost of
electricity. This is done by opening the chillers on schedule 15 minutes before the
opening and turning it off 20 minutes before closing. The distribution duct should be
placed just below the second floor to maximize the distribution of cooled air.
The proposed Layout of the
Chiller and Pipings
•All air conditioning equipment

must be placed above to prevent
damage by flooding.
The present layout of chillers and piping.
•Operation maintenance and

preventive maintenance should
always be imposed to minimize the
energy consumption. These can be
done by keeping an active logbook..
The recommended piping layout.
•The placement of the chillers be

made as shown on the figure right, it
will reduce the length of the chilled
water pipes by 20%.
The alternative location of the chillers and the piping layout

Recommendations
•The mild noise of the equipment will not be noticed if the tenants owning the
carnival, amusement equipment, computer games, sing along and other noise-bearing
facilities will be placed near the chiller house.
•Based from the computation of total 770.87 room tons of refrigerant, and an
equipment of 1 186 tons of refrigerant with 65% efficiency, a four chillers of 300 tons
capacity and a 6” diameter pipe is to be acquired as per specification of the chiller.
•Based from Room Sensible Heat Load of 1 352 093.28 Btu/hr or 96 302.94 cfm, a 10
AHU’s of 10 000 cfm capacity, 10 industrial fans of 10 000 cfm capacity is to be
acquired.
•The management should employ at least 1 PME to avoid non compliance of RA 8495.
•To insure that said compliance is assured the concerned Naga City government office
should require the firm to do so.
•To increase the satisfaction of the customers and minimize the cost of operation, the
following are further recommended:
Criteria for HVAC system and Equipment Selection should be observed.
Gather information from the customer about their comfort in the mall.
Follow Energy conservation, code requirements
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Cesar B. Bermundo, RME, PhD
Birthplace: Daet, Camarines Norte
Institution: Ateneo de Naga University
Rank: Associate Professor 5
Doctorate: Camarines Sur State Agricultural Colleges - 2000
MAT: Bicol College of Arts and Trade - 1995
College: University of Nueva Caceres - 1983
High School: Camarines Norte High School - 1974
Elementary: Daet, Elementary School - 1970
Cell Phone No. 09205562158
Original Research and/or Creative Outputs

4 Software (International Release) 4 Workbooks
Published International/National Professional Articles
5 papers
Certificates of Leadership in the Conduct of Training Programs, Seminars
4 International talks Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia
7 National talks, 10 Regional talks and 100+ institutions
Certificates of Awards or Recognition from Professional Organizations
TAPI – DOST National Awardee
MetroBank Foundation National Search for Outstanding Teachers Qualifier
Naga City Government Awardee
TESDA Regional Awardee
DOST / Dep Ed Recognized Speaker

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Proposed

Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance

LCC Legazpi City

4 chillers of 210 tons each

Building Dimension: 176.00 m x 68.5 m

Inside Room Design Temperature: 75°F DB; 50% RH

Design Month: April

1. Roof Construction = 1 379 021.89 Btu/hr

A - Sensible Heat Components

B - Latent Heat Components

I - External Load = 1 616 018.96 Btu/hr

B - Latent Heat Components = 1 598 362.42 Btu/hr

III - Ventilation Load = 4 460 708.00 Btu/hr

Total Heat Load = 9 250 276.04 Btu/hr

B – The Air Handling Unit

Schematic Diagram of Multiple Chiller and AHU Piping Connection

Commissioning is evaluating and performance testing an existing building’s

•All air conditioning equipment

•Operation maintenance and

•The placement of the chillers be

The alternative location of the chillers and the piping layout

Original Research and/or Creative Outputs

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