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    Keshav

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    Dhruv Sharma
    The document discusses jet engines, including their history, principles, parts, types, and applications. It describes how the first jet engine flew in 1939 and how jet propulsion works based on Newton's laws of motion. The key components of a jet engine are then outlined, and the Brayton cycle is explained as the ideal thermodynamic cycle. Different types of jet engines are defined such as turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, and ramjets. Applications include powering aircraft, boats, vehicles, and industrial gas turbines. The document concludes by mentioning the North American X-15 set the airspeed record of Mach 6.7 for manned aircraft.

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    Keshav

    Uploaded by

    Dhruv Sharma
    26 views23 pages
    The document discusses jet engines, including their history, principles, parts, types, and applications. It describes how the first jet engine flew in 1939 and how jet propulsion works based on Newton's laws of motion. The key components of a jet engine are then outlined, and the Brayton cycle is explained as the ideal thermodynamic cycle. Different types of jet engines are defined such as turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, and ramjets. Applications include powering aircraft, boats, vehicles, and industrial gas turbines. The document concludes by mentioning the North American X-15 set the airspeed record of Mach 6.7 for manned aircraft.

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    The document discusses jet engines, including their history, principles, parts, types, and applications. It describes how the first jet engine flew in 1939 and how jet propulsion works based on Newton's laws of motion. The key components of a jet engine are then outlined, and the Brayton cycle is explained as the ideal thermodynamic cycle. Different types of jet engines are defined such as turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, and ramjets. Applications include powering aircraft, boats, vehicles, and industrial gas turbines. The document concludes by mentioning the North American X-15 set the airspeed record of Mach 6.7 for manned aircraft.

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    26 views23 pages

    Keshav

    Uploaded by

    Dhruv Sharma
    The document discusses jet engines, including their history, principles, parts, types, and applications. It describes how the first jet engine flew in 1939 and how jet propulsion works based on Newton's laws of motion. The key components of a jet engine are then outlined, and the Brayton cycle is explained as the ideal thermodynamic cycle. Different types of jet engines are defined such as turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, and ramjets. Applications include powering aircraft, boats, vehicles, and industrial gas turbines. The document concludes by mentioning the North American X-15 set the airspeed record of Mach 6.7 for manned aircraft.

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    Jet Engine

    By- Keshav Kumar


    (B.Tech ME 5th Semester)
    Contents:
     Introduction
     Its History
     Principle of a Jet Engine
     Working of a Jet Engine
     Its Parts
     Its Cycle – ‘Brayton Cycle’
     Types of Jet Engine
     Merits and Demerits
     Applications
    INTRODUCTION
    A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast
    moving jet which generates thrust by jet propulsion in
    accordance with Newton's laws of motion. This broad
    definition of jet engines includes turbojets, turbofans,
    rockets, ramjets, and pulse jets. jet engine is nothing but
    a Gas Turbine.
    History of Jet Engine
    This device was known as Aeolipile.
    Jet propulsion only took off with the
    invention of the gunpowder powered rocket
    by the Chinese in the 13th century.
    The Aeolipile of 150 BCE was created as a
    curiosity and never used for any practical
    mechanical purpose.
    ‘Heinkel He 178’, the world's first aircraft to fly purely
    on turbojet power.
    How Does an Airplane Fly?
    Principle of Jet Engine:
    • Principle of jet engine is based on Newton’s
    second and third law of motion.
    • Second law states that the rate of change of
    momentum in any direction is proportional to the
    force acting in that direction.
    • Third law states that for every action there is an
    equal and opposite reaction.
    Working of a Jet Engine:
    Contd..
    • Sucks in air from front with fan.
    • A compressor raises the pressure of the air.
    • Then the compressed air is ignited.
    • Gas expends and comes out nozzle.
    • Engine/Aircraft thrusts forward.
    Parts:
    • Air intake (Fan)
    • Compressor
    • Combustion chamber
    • Turbine
    • Nozzle
    Brayton Cycle:
    Ideal thermodynamic cycle divided into following
    process:
    • Isentropic compression process
    • Isobaric heat addition process
    • Isentropic expansion process
    • Isobaric heat rejection process
    Types of Jet Engine:
     Turbojet Engine
     Turbo-Fan
     Turbo-Prop
     RAMJET
     Turbo-Shaft
    Turbojet Engine
    The turbojet is an air breathing jet engine, usually
    used in aircraft. It consists of a gas turbine with a
    propelling nozzle. The gas turbine has an air inlet,
    a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a
    turbine (that drives the compressor).
    Turbo Fan
    The word "turbofan" is combination of "turbine"
    and "fan": the turbo portion refers to a gas turbine
    engine which takes mechanical energy from
    combustion, and the fan, a ducted fan that uses
    the mechanical energy from the gas turbine to
    accelerate air rearwards.
    Turbo Prop
    A turboprop engine is a turbine engine that drives
    an aircraft propeller.
    In contrast to a turbojet, the engine's exhaust gases
    do not contain enough energy to create
    significant thrust, since almost all of the engine's
    power is used to drive the propeller.
    RAMJET ENGINE
     Ramjets cannot produce thrust at zero airspeed;
    they cannot move an aircraft from a standstill. A
    ramjet-powered vehicle, therefore, requires an
    assisted take-off like a rocket assist to accelerate it
    to a speed where it begins to produce thrust.
    Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic
    speeds around Mach 3.
     It is a form of air breathing jet engine that uses the

    engine's forward motion to compress incoming air


    without an axial compressor.
    Contd..
    Turbo Shaft
    A Turbo Shaft engine is a form of gas turbine
    which is optimized to produce shaft power rather
    than jet thrust. They are even more similar to
    turboprops, with only minor differences, and a
    single engine is often sold in both forms.
    Merits of Jet Engine:
     Mechanical efficiency of jet engine is high as
    compared to IC engine.
     Speed of jet engine per HP developed is higher

    than IC engine.
     Ignition and lubricating systems are much simpler

    in jet engine than IC engine.


    Demerits of Jet Engine:
     Thermal efficiency of Jet engine is low compared
    to IC engine.
     Difficult to start.
     Turbine blades need a special cooling system due

    high temperature.
    Applications:
    • The industry they’re most prominent in is in the
    transport industry, where they are used to propel
    aircraft, boats, and in some one of creations such
    as a turbojet powered truck.
    • The first use of the jet engine was to power
    military aircraft.
    • Normal type of jet engine is used for domestic
    purpose i.e. Travelling, Carrying goods etc.
    • As industrial gas turbine for power generation ,
    natural gas , oil pumps etc.
    Latest and Fastest Jet Engine:
     North American X-15
    -This aircraft has the
    current world record for
    the fastest manned
    aircraft. Its maximum
    speed was mach 6.70
    (about 7,200 km/h)
    which it attained on the
    3rd of October 1967.
    THANK YOU ALL 

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