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    Earthquake Hazard

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    Billy Chubbs
    Disasters often follow natural hazards. A disaster's severity depends on how much impact a hazard has on society and the environment. The scale of the impact in turn depends on the choices we make for our lives and for our environment. These choices relate to how we grow our food, where and how we build our homes, what kind of government we have, how our financial system works and even what we teach in schools. Each decision and action makes us more vulnerable to disasters - or more resilient to

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    Earthquake Hazard

    Uploaded by

    Billy Chubbs
    21 views42 pages
    Disasters often follow natural hazards. A disaster's severity depends on how much impact a hazard has on society and the environment. The scale of the impact in turn depends on the choices we make for our lives and for our environment. These choices relate to how we grow our food, where and how we build our homes, what kind of government we have, how our financial system works and even what we teach in schools. Each decision and action makes us more vulnerable to disasters - or more resilient to

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    Disasters often follow natural hazards. A disaster's severity depends on how much impact a hazard has on society and the environment. The scale of the impact in turn depends on the choices we make for our lives and for our environment. These choices relate to how we grow our food, where and how we build our homes, what kind of government we have, how our financial system works and even what we teach in schools. Each decision and action makes us more vulnerable to disasters - or more resilient to

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views42 pages

    Earthquake Hazard

    Uploaded by

    Billy Chubbs
    Disasters often follow natural hazards. A disaster's severity depends on how much impact a hazard has on society and the environment. The scale of the impact in turn depends on the choices we make for our lives and for our environment. These choices relate to how we grow our food, where and how we build our homes, what kind of government we have, how our financial system works and even what we teach in schools. Each decision and action makes us more vulnerable to disasters - or more resilient to

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Earthquake Hazard

    -is anything associated with an


    earthquake that may affect the normal
    activities of people. This includes surface
    faulting, ground shaking, landslide,
    liquefaction, tectonic deformation, and
    tsunamis
    Ground shaking
    - disruptive up-down and sideways
    movement or motion experienced during
    an earthquake.
    A. Strong ground shaking can cause
    objects to fall, break windows
    among others.
    B. Strong ground shaking can also result to minor
    damages to buildings and worse, cause collapse of
    a structure. (e.g. collapse of Hyatt Hotel, Baguio
    City after the 16 July 1990Luzon Earthquake).
    C. Most part of the Philippines will experience
    shaking at different degrees depending
    onmagnitude of earthquake, distance of one’s
    location from the fault that moved, local
    belowsurface conditions, etc).
    BEFORE
    *Decide how and where your family will reunite if
    separated.
    *Choose an out-of-area friend or relative who separated
    family members can call after the quake to report their
    whereabouts and condition
    *Know the safe spots in each room: under sturdy tables,
    desks, or against inside walls.
    *Conduct practice drills. Physically place yourself in safe
    locations.
    *Learn first aid and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
    from your local American Red Cross chapter or other
    community organization

    *Keep a list of emergency phone numbers

    *Maintain emergency food, water and other supplies,


    including a flashlight, a portable battery-operated radio,
    extra batteries, medicines, first aid kit and clothing
    DURING
    *If indoors, stay there and take cover under a table, desk, or
    other sturdy furniture.

    *Remain where you are until shaking stops. Think out your
    plan of action first, then move.

    *If outside, get into an open area away from trees, buildings,
    walls and power lines.
    *Do not stop your vehicle under overpasses or bridges.

    *Turn off the engine and turn on the radio. Follow emergency
    instructions.

    *If you have to leave your vehicle, move to an open area quickly.
    AFTER

    *Turn on the radio and listen for emergency


    broadcasts/announcements, news reports, and instructions.
    Cooperate with public safety officials.

    *Plan for evacuation in case events make this necessary. Leave


    written messages for other family members or searchers.
    *Do not use your vehicle unless there is an emergency. Keep
    the streets clear for emergency vehicles.

    *Work with your neighbors for a quicker recovery. Stay calm and
    lend a hand to others.

    *Be prepared for aftershocks.


    Ground Rupture
    Ground rupture- displacement on the ground due to movement of
    fault .
    A. This will be experienced by areas where fault passes through (note
    not all cracks on
    the ground that people see after a strong earthquake are faults, some
    may just be
    surficial cracks because of ground failure)
    B. The movement may have vertical and horizontal component and
    may be as small as
    less than 0.5 meters (Masbate 1994 earthquake) to as big as 6
    meters (16 July 1990
    Earthquake).
    BEFORE

    *Secure heavy objects around your home

    *Keep emergency items and equipment


    handy

    *Keep the family oriented about what to


    do
    DURING

    *If you are in bed, stay there, hold on and cover


    your head with a pillow , at night, hazards can be
    difficult to see and avoid and the safer is to remain
    in bed.
    *Remain inside

    *Pull over if you’re driving


    AFTER

    *Check for hazards

    *Prepare for more damage

    *Prepare for aftershocks


    Liquefaction
    Liquefaction- is a process that transforms the behavior of a
    body of sediments from that of a solid to that of a liquid
    when subjected to extremely intense shaking.
    A. As a result, any heavy load on top of the sediment body
    will either sink or tilt as the sediment could no longer hold
    the load, such as what happened in Dagupan City during
    the 16 July 1990 Earthquake
    B. Demonstrate liquefaction using a pan, put sand to fill up
    to half the height of pan slowly pour water to into it half level
    of sand. Put a heavy object (brick, etc) on top. Shake the
    pan. The brick/ heavy object should tilt.
    BEFORE

    *The key to effective disaster prevention is planning

    *Determine if site is along an active fault and/or prone to


    liquefaction or landslide

    *Maintain an Earthquake survival kit


    DURING

    *When driving, pull to the side of the road and stop

    *Run away from the shore toward higher ground

    *If outside, get into an open area. Stay clear of


    buildings, power lines, streetlights, and anything that
    can fall on you.
    AFTER
    *if inside an old, weak structure, take the fastest and
    safest way out. Get out calmly in orderly manner. Do
    not to the exit.
    *check yourself and others. Don’t enter partially
    damaged building.

    *obey public safety precautions.


    GROUND SUBSIDENCE
    GROUND SUBSIDENCE
    A sinkhole, also known as a sink, sink-hole, shakehole,
    swallet, swallow hole, or doline (the different terms for
    sinkholes are often used interchangeably), is a depression
    or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of
    the surface layer
    Be cautious when re-entering buildings and cleaning up.
    BEFORE
    *Keep an earthquake disaster kit on hand, including a well-stocked first
    aid kit a supply of medicines required for life-threatening conditions,
    copies of important documents, extra money, a flashlight, a hand crank or
    solar-powered radio, extra batteries, blankets, drinking water and
    nonperishable food, and tools to shut off utilities. Store the kit in a secure,
    waterproof location that is easily accessible.

    *Conduct calm family discussions about earthquakes. Decide upon an


    outdoor meeting location for your family to reunite after a quake and
    conduct in-home practice drills. Teach your household members to knock
    three times repeatedly if they were to become trapped inside your home.
    *Conduct a thorough investigation of your home,
    checking for any defective wiring, leaky gas
    connections, and deep cracks in the ceiling or
    foundation that could pose a danger during a quake.

    *Learn how to shut off all utilities in your home


    *Secure cabinet doors with latches to prevent items
    from falling out during an earthquake.
    DURING
    *Drop, Cover, and Hold on! Drop to the floor, get under a
    sturdy table, and hold on until the shaking stops. If your
    entire body does not fit underneath the furniture, position
    your body so that at least your head and neck are covered.

    *If indoors, stay there; most injuries occur when people inside try
    to move to a different location or try to leave. Avoid windows,
    exterior walls, stairwells, elevators, and objects that could fall.
    Be aware that the electricity may go out and the fire alarm or
    sprinkler system may turn on.
    *outside, get into an open area. Stay clear of buildings, power
    lines, streetlights, and anything that can fall on you.
    *If driving, move out of traffic as quickly as possible and shut off
    the engine. Avoid bridges and overpasses, and anything that
    could fall onto your car, such as trees, light posts, power lines,
    and signs.
    *If in bed, stay there. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow. Only
    move to a nearby safe place if you are under a heavy light fixture or
    something that may fall on you

    *If in a wheelchair, stay in it. Move to a safe location, lock your wheels,
    and cover your head and neck.
    AFTER
    *If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound, open a window and quickly leave
    the building. Shut off the main gas valve only if you suspect a gas leak.
    Return home only when it is declared safe. Once gas lines are turned off,
    service should be restored only by your service provider.

    *If you are driving, watch out for road hazards, including fallen trees, power
    lines, and damaged bridges and roads. If a power line fell onto your car
    during the earthquake, stay inside until trained personnel remove the wire.
    *Inspect your home for signs of structural damage, particularly to the
    foundation and chimney. Damage to these areas can pose serious safety
    hazards in the months after an earthquake. Do not enter a structurally
    compromised structure. Call a certified home inspector if you are unsure of
    your home’s structural stability.
    *Go to your predetermined outdoor meeting location. Check
    for injuries to others and provide assistance as needed.

    *Check appliances and electric lines for damage. Unplug any


    damaged appliances or light fixtures, and shut off power at the
    main fuse box if there are sparks, frayed wires, or if you smell
    something burning

    *Listen to the radio for important information.


    *Be prepared for aftershocks! Aftershocks can occur minutes,
    days, or months after an earthquake. Drop, Cover, and Hold on
    each time shaking occurs.
    Tsunami
    Tsunami- sea waves resulting from the disturbance of ocean floor by
    an earthquake
    A. This is a series of giant sea waves commonly generated by under-
    the-sea earthquakes and
    whose heights could be greater than 5 meters.
    B. Examples of recent tsunami events in the Philippines are the
    August 1976 Moro Gulf
    Earthquake and Tsunami and the November 1994 Oriental Mindoro
    Earthquake and
    Tsunami, December 2004 Banda Aceh Earthquake (Indonesia), and
    March 2011 Eastern
    Japan
    BEFORE
    *Plan your escape and evacuation routes. From the Red
    Cross: "If possible, pick areas 100 feet (30 meters) above
    sea level or go as far as 2 miles (3 kilometers) inland, away
    from the coastline. If you cannot get this high or far, go as
    high or far as you can. Every foot inland or upward may
    make a difference. You should be able to reach your safe
    location on foot within 15 minutes."
    *Know how high above sea level your street is and how far
    it is from the coast. Evacuation orders may be based on
    those figures.
    *Establish whether your home and other places you
    frequent are in tsunami hazard areas.
    *Cobble together an emergency supplies kit.

    *Practice evacuating.

    *Know your children's school evacuation plans and figure


    out how to get them

    *Tourists should get familiar with evacuation information


    DURING

    *If there's an earthquake while you are on the coast


    and indoors, drop, cover and hold on. If you're
    outside, stay away from falling objects.
    *When the shaking is over, move quickly to inland,
    higher ground. Go on foot if you can. Stay there
    until officials say it's all clear.
    *Bring your animals if you evacuate. Bring
    your preparedness kit.

    *Listen to official sources such as a National


    Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    weather radio or the U.S. Coast Guard
    emergency frequency station if a tsunami watch
    has been issued.
    AFTER

    *Tell family and friends you're OK.

    *Keep tuned in to official information sources or


    local media.

    *Don't assume the danger is over after the first


    wave. The next one might be bigger.
    *Call authorities if someone needs to be rescued.

    *Help people such as the elderly, infants and


    people with disabilities.

    *Stay away from disaster zones and out of


    buildings that have water around them.

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