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    Axial Compressors

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    Vamsi Mahanti
    1) There are two primary types of compressors used in aircraft engines - axial compressors and radial (centrifugal) compressors. Axial compressors can handle higher mass flows and are more efficient but also more complex, while radial compressors are shorter in length and more robust but less efficient. 2) Most modern jet engines use a combination of axial and radial compressors to take advantage of the strengths of both. For example, the Allison 250 uses an axial compressor followed by a radial compressor. 3) Compressor performance and efficiency is affected by blade design features like twist and changes in cross-sectional area, as well as issues like boundary layer separation, shock losses at high speeds, and

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    Axial Compressors

    Uploaded by

    Vamsi Mahanti
    70 views24 pages
    1) There are two primary types of compressors used in aircraft engines - axial compressors and radial (centrifugal) compressors. Axial compressors can handle higher mass flows and are more efficient but also more complex, while radial compressors are shorter in length and more robust but less efficient. 2) Most modern jet engines use a combination of axial and radial compressors to take advantage of the strengths of both. For example, the Allison 250 uses an axial compressor followed by a radial compressor. 3) Compressor performance and efficiency is affected by blade design features like twist and changes in cross-sectional area, as well as issues like boundary layer separation, shock losses at high speeds, and

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    1) There are two primary types of compressors used in aircraft engines - axial compressors and radial (centrifugal) compressors. Axial compressors can handle higher mass flows and are more efficient but also more complex, while radial compressors are shorter in length and more robust but less efficient. 2) Most modern jet engines use a combination of axial and radial compressors to take advantage of the strengths of both. For example, the Allison 250 uses an axial compressor followed by a radial compressor. 3) Compressor performance and efficiency is affected by blade design features like twist and changes in cross-sectional area, as well as issues like boundary layer separation, shock losses at high speeds, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    70 views24 pages

    Axial Compressors

    Uploaded by

    Vamsi Mahanti
    1) There are two primary types of compressors used in aircraft engines - axial compressors and radial (centrifugal) compressors. Axial compressors can handle higher mass flows and are more efficient but also more complex, while radial compressors are shorter in length and more robust but less efficient. 2) Most modern jet engines use a combination of axial and radial compressors to take advantage of the strengths of both. For example, the Allison 250 uses an axial compressor followed by a radial compressor. 3) Compressor performance and efficiency is affected by blade design features like twist and changes in cross-sectional area, as well as issues like boundary layer separation, shock losses at high speeds, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    MAE 4261: AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

    Overview of Axial Compressors

    Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department


    Florida Institute of Technology

    D. R. Kirk

    1
    TWO PRIMARY TYPES OF COMPRESSORS

    • Axial Devices • Radial (Centrifugal) Devices


    – High mass flow – Can not handle as high mass flow
    – High efficiency – Less efficient than axial device
    – Stackable (multi-staging) – Short length
    – More parts – Robust
    – More complex – Less Parts
    2
    CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

    3
    ALLISON 250: AXIAL + RADIAL DEVICE

    4
    WHERE IN THE ENGINE? PW2000

    Fan
    Compressor

    5
    2 SPOOL DEVICE: PW2000
    Low Pressure Compressor (low)
    High Pressure Compressor (high)

    High and Low Pressure Turbines

    6
    SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION

    Single Shaft Compressor

    Twin-Spool Turbofan

    7
    2 SPOOL DEVICE

    Low Pressure Spool

    Low Pressure Compressor High Pressure Compressor

    8
    FEATURES OF INTEREST: PW2000
    Intra-Blade Supports
    Change in cross sectional flow area

    Disks (centrifugal stress)


    also called ‘Blisks’

    Blades are twisted


    9
    EXTREME TWIST: GE7000

    10
    AXIAL COMPRESSOR: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION

    Centerline

    Centerline

    11
    SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION

    12
    AXIAL COMPRESSOR EXPLODED VIEW

    13
    HOW BLADES ARE ATTACHED

    14
    REVIEW: PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
    • Rotor
    – Adds swirl to flow
    – Adds kinetic energy to flow
    with ½v2
    – Increases total energy carried in
    flow by increasing angular
    momentum

    • Stator
    – Removes swirl from flow
    – Not a moving blade → cannot
    add any net energy to flow
    – Converts kinetic energy
    associated with swirl to internal
    energy by raising static
    pressure of flow
    – NGV adds no energy. Adds
    swirl in direction of rotor
    motion to lower Mach number
    of flow relative to rotor blades
    (improves aerodynamics)

    15
    AXIAL COMPRESSOR ENERGY EXCHANGE
    • Rotor
     Centerline
    – Adds swirl to flow
    – Adds kinetic energy to flow
    with ½v2
    – Increases total energy
    carried in flow by increasing
    angular momentum
    • Stator
    – Removes swirl from flow
    – Not a moving blade →
    cannot add any net energy to
    flow
    – Converts kinetic energy
    R S R
    NGV

    associated with swirl to


    internal energy by raising
    static pressure of flow
    – NGV adds no energy. Adds
    swirl in direction of rotor
    motion to lower Mach
    number of flow relative to
    rotor blades (improves
    aerodynamics)

    16
    COMPRESSOR AND FAN DATA FOR VARIOUS ENGINES

    17
    EXAMPLES OF BLADE TWIST

    18
    COMPRESSOR MAP

    19
    BOUNDARY LAYER LOSSES AND SEPARATION

    20
    LOSSES AND CASCADE TESTING

    Measure of loss correlated to


    Blade geometry and
    Easily measured in cascade
    21
    SHOCK AND HIGH SPEED LOSSES

    22
    ENGINE TESTING: BIRD STRIKE

    http://100.rolls-royce.com/facts/view.jsp?id=215
    23
    ADDITIONAL ISSUES AND BLADE TESTING
    • Other Issues
    – High Cycle Fatigue
    – Materials
    – Manufacturing
    – Containment of Blade
    – Disk Rupture
    – Sealing
    – Tip and Hub Losses
    – Turbine Cooling Bleed
    – Inspection
    – Replacement Parts ($) ‘Blade-Out’ Simulation

    24

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