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    History of Evolution Theory

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    tricia ona
    This document provides a history of the key figures and developments in the theory of evolution. It describes Jean Baptiste Lamarck as the first to propose a system of evolution and his ideas of acquired characteristics and an internal drive towards complexity being passed on. It also discusses the contributions of James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Malthus, and his ideas of survival of the fittest. Finally, it outlines Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and evolution by natural selection based on variation, adaptation, and the survival of the fittest.

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    History of Evolution Theory

    Uploaded by

    tricia ona
    58 views23 pages
    This document provides a history of the key figures and developments in the theory of evolution. It describes Jean Baptiste Lamarck as the first to propose a system of evolution and his ideas of acquired characteristics and an internal drive towards complexity being passed on. It also discusses the contributions of James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Malthus, and his ideas of survival of the fittest. Finally, it outlines Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and evolution by natural selection based on variation, adaptation, and the survival of the fittest.

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    History-of-Evolution-Theory

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    This document provides a history of the key figures and developments in the theory of evolution. It describes Jean Baptiste Lamarck as the first to propose a system of evolution and his ideas of acquired characteristics and an internal drive towards complexity being passed on. It also discusses the contributions of James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Malthus, and his ideas of survival of the fittest. Finally, it outlines Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and evolution by natural selection based on variation, adaptation, and the survival of the fittest.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    58 views23 pages

    History of Evolution Theory

    Uploaded by

    tricia ona
    This document provides a history of the key figures and developments in the theory of evolution. It describes Jean Baptiste Lamarck as the first to propose a system of evolution and his ideas of acquired characteristics and an internal drive towards complexity being passed on. It also discusses the contributions of James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Malthus, and his ideas of survival of the fittest. Finally, it outlines Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and evolution by natural selection based on variation, adaptation, and the survival of the fittest.

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    You are on page 1of 23

    History of

    Evolutionary
    Theory
    Jean Baptiste
    Lamarck (1744-1829)
    The first scientist to
    propose a system of
    evolution.
    •Noticed that fossils became more
    complex in more recent rock strata.
    •He believed that there was an internal
    drive (or need) towards complexity.
    •Each species came from
    less complex ones.
    •believed evolution was
    based on two principles:

    1) ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS -
    organs/ structures became
    stronger/weaker with use/disuse and are
    passed on to offspring.
    •Example: Long necks of giraffes.
    2) UNIVERSAL
    CREATIVE FORCE -
    an unconscious striving
    in the lower creatures to
    become more complex
    and more human.
    James Hutton (1726-1797)
    was a Scottish geologist.

    Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875)


    was a British geologist.
    Uniformitarianism - a philosophy of science, based on
    the assumption that the natural processes operating in the
    past are the same as those that can be observed operating
    in the present.
    They concluded that the earth was very old
    and had changed its form slowly over time
    due to natural processes.
    •Lyell was able to date the ages of
    rocks by using fossils embedded in
    the stone as time indicators.
    •Charles Darwin made
    use of Lyell's data on
    fossils for his theory of
    evolution.
    Erasmus Darwin
    (1731-1802)
    • He was Charles
    Darwin’s grandfather.
    •Suggested that
    competition between
    individuals could
    change species.
    Another important contributor is
    Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) and
    his studies on population survival.
    Malthus observed that
    in nature organisms
    produce more
    offspring than
    survive.
    •Observed that human populations cannot
    keep growing indefinitely.
    •If the birth rate continued to exceed the
    death rate, eventually humans would run
    out of living space.
    •He believed that
    famine, disease, and
    war prevented endless
    population growth.
    •Observed that when
    there was competition
    for available
    resources, only the
    strong and healthy
    would survive.
    •He was, thus, the first
    to talk about survival
    of the fittest.
    Charles Darwin (1809-
    1882) was an English
    naturalist whose theory
    of evolution is one of the
    greatest contributions
    ever made to science.
    Darwin hypothesized that
    if the Earth changed
    slowly over time, then the
    environmental pressures
    on different species would
    also change.
    These emerging changes would then
    force the species to adapt or perish.
    Darwin stated this theory
    in his book On The
    Origin of Species (1859).

    In another book called The Descent of


    Man (1871) he applied his theory to
    the evolution of man from a primitive
    monkey-like animal.
    From Darwin’s collection of evidence
    he created his theory of NATURAL
    SELECTION (sometimes referred to
    as the survival of the fittest.)

    This theory is based on six points:


    1. Like begets like and more are
    produced than survive.
    (OVERPRODUCTION)
    2. There is a struggle to survive.
    (COMPETITION)

    3. Variations exist among the


    population (VARIATION)
    4. Variations can be favorable and may
    offer a selective advantage.
    (ADAPTATION)
    5. Those best suited to their
    environment survive. (NATURAL
    SELECTION)
    6. With enough accumulated
    differences, a new species may arise.
    (SPECIATION)
    EVOLUTION is a change in the allele
    frequency in a population over time.

    NATURAL SELECTION may be one


    method by which gene frequencies
    change.
    Alfred Russell
    Wallace (1823-
    1913)
    •Believed to have
    developed similar ideas
    on evolution and natural
    selection at the same time
    as Darwin.

    •Wrote a paper and sent it to Darwin to review.


    This spurred Darwin to finally agree to the
    release of his theory in The Origin of Species
    (1859).
    A satirical 1871
    image of Charles
    Darwin as an
    ape reflects part
    of the social
    controversy over
    whether humans
    and apes share
    a common
    lineage.

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