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    OIE 751 ROBOTICS Unit 3 Class 2 (12-9-2020)

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    MICHEL RAJ
    The document discusses sensors and machine vision. It describes several types of position sensors like piezoelectric sensors, LVDT sensors, optical encoders, and proximity sensors. It also covers machine vision topics like cameras, image processing, and applications in inspection and identification. Specifically, it provides details on piezoelectric sensors, describing how they generate voltage from pressure or force. It also explains the construction, principle, advantages, and applications of LVDT sensors for position measurement.

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    OIE 751 ROBOTICS Unit 3 Class 2 (12-9-2020)

    Uploaded by

    MICHEL RAJ
    99 views15 pages
    The document discusses sensors and machine vision. It describes several types of position sensors like piezoelectric sensors, LVDT sensors, optical encoders, and proximity sensors. It also covers machine vision topics like cameras, image processing, and applications in inspection and identification. Specifically, it provides details on piezoelectric sensors, describing how they generate voltage from pressure or force. It also explains the construction, principle, advantages, and applications of LVDT sensors for position measurement.

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    OIE 751 ROBOTICS Unit 3 class 2 (12-9-2020)

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    The document discusses sensors and machine vision. It describes several types of position sensors like piezoelectric sensors, LVDT sensors, optical encoders, and proximity sensors. It also covers machine vision topics like cameras, image processing, and applications in inspection and identification. Specifically, it provides details on piezoelectric sensors, describing how they generate voltage from pressure or force. It also explains the construction, principle, advantages, and applications of LVDT sensors for position measurement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    99 views15 pages

    OIE 751 ROBOTICS Unit 3 Class 2 (12-9-2020)

    Uploaded by

    MICHEL RAJ
    The document discusses sensors and machine vision. It describes several types of position sensors like piezoelectric sensors, LVDT sensors, optical encoders, and proximity sensors. It also covers machine vision topics like cameras, image processing, and applications in inspection and identification. Specifically, it provides details on piezoelectric sensors, describing how they generate voltage from pressure or force. It also explains the construction, principle, advantages, and applications of LVDT sensors for position measurement.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 15

    UNIT III

    SENSORS AND MACHINE


    VISION

    Prepared by
    T.Michel Raj
    Assistant Professor
    Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College
    Chennai
    SENSORS
    Requirements of a sensor, Principles and Applications of
    the following types of sensors – Position of sensors
    (Piezo Electric Sensor, LVDT, Resolvers, Optical
    Encoders, Pneumatic Position Sensors), Range Sensors
    (Triangulation Principle, Structured, Lighting Approach,
    Time of Flight Range Finders, Laser Range Meters),
    Proximity Sensors (Inductive, Hall Effect, Capacitive,
    Ultrasonic and Optical Proximity Sensors), Touch
    Sensors, (Binary Sensors, Analog Sensors), Wrist
    Sensors, Compliance Sensors, Slip Sensors.
    MACHINE VISION
    • Camera, Frame Grabber, Sensing and Digitizing
    Image Data – Signal Conversion, Image
    Storage, Lighting Techniques. Image
    Processing and Analysis – Data Reduction:
    Edge detection, Segmentation Feature
    Extraction and Object Recognition -
    Algorithms. Applications – Inspection,
    Identification, Visual Serving and Navigation.
    PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS
    • Piezo electric materials when stretched or
    compressed generate electric charges, with one
    face of the material becoming positively
    charged and the opposite face negatively
    charged. As a result voltage is generated.
    • Measurement of pressure,force,acceleration
    • Piezo material : Quartz, Barium titanate,
    Zirconate titanate.
    PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS
    The net charge q = kx =SF
    • x – charge displacement
    • F – Force applied
    • S – Charge Sensitivity
    Charge Sensitivity depends on
    1.Material concerned(Depends on S Value)
    2. Orientation of the crystal
    LVDT
    CONSTRUCTION & PRINCIPLE
    • The LVDT consists of a single primary winding and
    two secondary windings wound on a hollow
    former.
    • The secondary windings have an equal number of
    turns but are connected in series opposition so
    that emf’s induced in the coils oppose each other.
    • The primary winding is connected to an a.c
    source, whose frequency range from 50Hz to
    20kHz.
    CONSTRUCTION & PRINCIPLE
    • The position of the movable core determines
    the flux linkage between the a.c excited
    primary winding and each of the two
    secondary windings.

    • The core is made up of nickel –iron alloy is


    slotted longitudinally to reduce eddy current
    loss.
    CONSTRUCTION & PRINCIPLE

    • The displacement to be measured is applied to an


    arm attached to the core. With the core in the
    center, or reference, position, the induced EMF in
    the secondary winding are equal, and since they
    oppose each other, the output voltage will be zero
    CONSTRUCTION & PRINCIPLE
    • When an externally applied force moves the core to the left-
    hand coil. The e.m.f induced in the left hand coil > right
    hand coil.
    • The magnitude of the output voltage and it is in phase with
    the voltage of the left hand coil.
    • Similarly, when a core moves to a right
    ADVANTAGES
    • Infinite resolution is present in LVDT
    • High output
    • LVDT gives High sensitivity
    • Very good linearity
    • Ruggedness
    • LVDT Provides Less friction
    • Low hysteresis
    • LVDT gives Low power consumption.
    DISADVANTAGES
    • Very high displacement is required for generating high
    voltages.

    • Shielding is required since it is sensitive to magnetic field.

    • The performance of the transducer gets affected by


    vibrations

    • Its is greatly affected by temperature changes.


    APPLICATIONS
    • LVDTs provide position feedback in hydraulic applications
    by monitoring the performance accuracy of actuators and
    cylinders to improve operational efficiencies

    • Another example is robotic arm picking up a piece of glass.


    If the control system does not know when to stop the arm,
    based on position feedback from an LVDT, the hydraulic
    cylinder could drive the arm right through the piece of glass.

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