KINETICS OF

PARTICLES
FORCE AND ACCELERATION

By: RIAN DALE C. MALAZZAB

 1.

Newton’s Second Law

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 “
The acceleration of an object
produced by a net force is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the
net force, in the same direction as
the net force, and inversely
proportional to the mass of the
object.
3
  

∑ 𝐹=
´ 𝑚 𝑎
´
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 2.
Systems of Units: SI Units and
US Customary Units
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6
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 3.
Constrained and
Unconstrained Motion

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 Unconstrained Constrained Motion
Motion
This type of motion is where the particle is This type of motion is where the path of the
free of mechanical guides and follows a path particle partially or totally determined by
determined by its initial motion and by the restraining guides.
forces which are applied to it from external
forces.

Examples: Examples:
✘ An airplane or rocket in flight. ✘ A train moving along its track.
✘ An electron moving in a charged field. ✘ A collar sliding along a fixed shaft.

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 Steps to Solve

first second last

Draw FBDs and Write the

consider all equations of solve for the
known and motion and unknowns
unknown forces variable relations

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Problem #1

The 50-kg crate is projected along the

floor with an initial speed of 8m/s at
x=0. The coefficient of kinetic friction
is 0.40. Calculate the time required for
the crate to come to rest and the
corresponding distance x traveled.

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 Steps to Solve
50(9.81) V = 8 m/s
y
first
x

Draw FBDs and

consider all
known and
unknown forces 𝐹  𝑓 =𝜇 𝑁
n
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 Steps to Solve
+

second
+∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎 𝑦
 
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=𝑚𝑎𝑥
 

50(9.81) – N = 0
− 𝐹 𝑓 =50 𝑎 𝑥
 

N = 490.5N  
-196.2
Write the
  =− 3.924 𝑚 / 𝑠 2
𝑎
equations of
motion and
𝐹 𝑓 =𝜇 𝑁
  𝑥

variable relations  
(0.40)(490.5)
 
196.2N
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 Steps to Solve

𝑣=𝑣 0+𝑎 𝑥 𝑡
  2 2
𝑣 =𝑣 0 +2 𝑎 𝑥 𝑋
 

third
0=8+(−3.924)𝑡 0=82 +2(−3.924) 𝑋
 
 

𝑡=2.039 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑋=8.15𝑚

 
 

solve for the

unknowns

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 Problem #2

𝑆  𝐴 ✘  
Determine the weight of cylinder B
which would cause block A to
accelerate down the incline. Neglect
𝑆  𝐵 all friction.

𝐿=2𝑆 𝐴 +3𝑆 𝐵
 

0=2
 
𝑎 𝐴 +3 𝑎𝐵  
𝑎 𝐵= −
2
3
𝑎𝐴

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 Steps to Solve
W
𝑊  cos𝜃
2T

first

  𝑎𝐴
Draw FBDs and
consider all 𝑊
  sin 𝜃
25°
N
known and
unknown forces

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 Steps to Solve
3T

first

Draw FBDs and

consider all
known and
unknown forces
𝑊
 
𝐵

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 Steps to Solve
+ ∑ 𝐹 𝑥=𝑚𝑎𝑥
 

second At Block A   𝑊𝐴
𝑊 𝐴 sin 𝜃 − 2𝑇 = 𝑎 𝐴𝑥
32.2

Write the
equations of
motion and At Block B
+
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎 𝑦
 

variable relations
  𝑊𝐵
𝑊 𝐵 −3 𝑇 = 𝑎 𝐵𝑦
32.2
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 Steps to Solve
At Block A

third
  𝑊𝐴
𝑊 𝐴 sin 𝜃 − 2𝑇 = 𝑎 𝐴𝑥
32.2
  100
100 sin 25 °− 2𝑇 = (5)
32.2
solve for the
unknowns 𝑇=13.367𝑙𝑏
 

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 Steps to Solve
At Block B
  2
  𝑊𝐵 𝑎 𝐵= −
3
𝑎𝐴
third 𝑊 𝐵 −3 𝑇 = 𝑎 𝐵𝑦
32.2   2
  𝑊 𝐵 −10 𝑎 𝐵=− (5)
3
𝑊 𝐵 −3 (13.367)= ( 𝑎) =−
32.2 3   10
𝑓𝑡 / 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝐵
3
solve for the
unknowns 𝑊 𝐵 =36.34 𝑙𝑏
 

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 Problem #3
Determine the required mass of block
A so that when it is released from rest,
it moves the 5kg block B a distance of
𝑆  𝐵 0.75m up along the smooth inclined
𝑆  𝐴 plane in t = 2 sec. Neglect the mass of
the pulleys and cords.

𝐿=3 𝑆 𝐴 +𝑆 𝐵
 
0=3𝑎
 
𝐴 +𝑎 𝐵

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𝑎 𝐵=−3 𝑎 𝐴
 
 Steps to Solve

3T
first
T
5(9.81) 𝑎𝐵
 

Draw FBDs and A

consider all B
known and 𝑁𝐵
 
unknown forces
60°
9.81
  𝑚𝐴
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 Steps to Solve
+ ∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎 𝑦
 

3𝑇−9.81𝑚 𝐴 =𝑚 𝐴 𝑎 𝐴𝑦
second At Block A  

Write the
equations of
motion and At Block B
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎 𝑦
+
 

variable relations 𝑇  −5 ( 9.81 ) sin 60 °=5 𝑎𝐵𝑦

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 Steps to Solve
At Block B
𝑎 𝐵=−3 𝑎 𝐴
 

second   1 2
+ 𝑆=𝑆 0 +𝑣 0 𝑡 + 𝑎 𝐵 𝑡
2 2
𝑎 =−0.125𝑚/𝑠
 
  1
0.75=0+0+ 𝑎 𝐵 ( 2𝐴)
2
2
Write the
2
𝑎 =0.375𝑚/𝑠
equations of  
motion and 𝐵
variable relations

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 Steps to Solve

At Block B
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎 𝑦
+
 

third 𝑇  −5 ( 9.81 ) sin 60 °=5 𝑎𝐵𝑦

𝑇  −5 ( 9.81 ) sin 60 °=5 ( 0.375 )
 
𝑇 =44.35 𝑁
solve for the
unknowns

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 Steps to Solve

At Block A
+ ∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎 𝑦
 

third
3𝑇−9.81𝑚 𝐴 =𝑚 𝐴 𝑎 𝐴𝑦
 

3 ( 44.35 ) −9.81𝑚 𝐴 =𝑚 𝐴 ( −0.125 )

 

solve for the

𝑚 𝐴 =13.7𝑘𝑔
 

unknowns

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