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    motilal
    Thickeners are equipment used for the continuous gravity settling and sedimentation of solids in suspensions. They work by allowing solids to settle to the bottom of a vessel while clarified liquid overflows. Essential elements include a vessel to hold the suspension, a feed well to introduce the feed, an overflow system to collect clarified liquid, and scraper blades to remove settled solids. Continuous thickeners consist of a cylindrical tank where suspension is fed and clarified liquid overflows while blades rake settled solids to a central outlet. They operate by separating solids into clarification, critical, and compression zones within the tank.

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    Thickeners are equipment used for the continuous gravity settling and sedimentation of solids in suspensions. They work by allowing solids to settle to the bottom of a vessel while clarified liquid overflows. Essential elements include a vessel to hold the suspension, a feed well to introduce the feed, an overflow system to collect clarified liquid, and scraper blades to remove settled solids. Continuous thickeners consist of a cylindrical tank where suspension is fed and clarified liquid overflows while blades rake settled solids to a central outlet. They operate by separating solids into clarification, critical, and compression zones within the tank.

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    Thickeners are equipment used for the continuous gravity settling and sedimentation of solids in suspensions. They work by allowing solids to settle to the bottom of a vessel while clarified liquid overflows. Essential elements include a vessel to hold the suspension, a feed well to introduce the feed, an overflow system to collect clarified liquid, and scraper blades to remove settled solids. Continuous thickeners consist of a cylindrical tank where suspension is fed and clarified liquid overflows while blades rake settled solids to a central outlet. They operate by separating solids into clarification, critical, and compression zones within the tank.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    38 views7 pages

    XCVB

    Uploaded by

    motilal
    Thickeners are equipment used for the continuous gravity settling and sedimentation of solids in suspensions. They work by allowing solids to settle to the bottom of a vessel while clarified liquid overflows. Essential elements include a vessel to hold the suspension, a feed well to introduce the feed, an overflow system to collect clarified liquid, and scraper blades to remove settled solids. Continuous thickeners consist of a cylindrical tank where suspension is fed and clarified liquid overflows while blades rake settled solids to a central outlet. They operate by separating solids into clarification, critical, and compression zones within the tank.

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    of 7

    THICKENERS

    INTRODUCTION-
     Thickening is the most common solid- liquid unit operation. It is
    also known as dewatering.
     In case, the desired product is concentrated sludge, thickener is
    used. And if there is a need to purify liquids, clarifiers are used.
     A thickener is an equipment structure used for the continuous
    gravity settling (sedimentation) of solids in suspensions.
     Essential elements which are common to all the thickeners include-
    1. Vessel- To provide volume and area needed for thickening, with
    the area being large enough to allow the solids to settle at a velocity
    faster than the upward velocity of the liquid.
    2. Feed well- A system to introduce the feed and direct it to the flow
    paths that best utilize the vessel volume and area.
    3. Overflow system- To collect the clarified liquid.
    4. Scraper blades or rakes- A mechanism to convey settled solids to a
    discharge point.
    PRINCIPLE-
     Thickeners works on the principle of gravity sedimentation.
     The thickened solids are removed together with a portion of
    the liquid as thickened "underflow". The liquid, ideally
    containing no solids, forms the "overflow" from the thickener.
     In simple terms, the solids settle to the bottom of the
    thickener tank and the water overflows from the tank.
     FLOCCULANT- The major part of the liquid component in the
    feed rises, carrying with it the finer solids (those particles
    whose terminal settling velocity is less than the rise
    velocity of the liquid). So, flocculants are often added for
    separating out the fine solid particles.
    BATCH THICKENERS-
     The separation of solids from a liquid by gravity sedimentation is
    a batch process and includes four steps:
    1. Filling of the vessel with slurry.
    2. Leaving the slurry for the predetermined time until solid matter
    settle down to the bottom of the vessel.
    3. Decanting the clarified liquid from the upper part of the vessel.
    4. Removing the settled underflow accumulated at the bottom of the
    vessel.
     This process is still practiced in small flow industries.
     Short coming: For larger plants, the need for continuous
    operation is inevitable.
    CONTINUOUS THICKENER-
     Continuous thickener consists of a cylindrical tank. Via feed- well,
    pulp is fed at the centre of the tank.
     The clarified liquid overflows a trough( a channel used to convey a
    liquid).
     The solids which settle at the bottom of the tank are taken out as a
    thickened pulp from the outlet at centre.
     Within the tank, there are one or more rotating radial blades, from
    each of which there are a suspended series of blades, to rake the
    settled solids towards the central outlet.
     Applications in mineral processing- To remove the water
    absorbed by the particles to increase the pulp density. It is done to
    enable ore handling and concentrates transportation easy.
    SEDIMENTATION REGIMES
    (continuous thickeners)-
     Clarification zone- In a well-
    sized system, the solids which
    are continued to flocculate are
    removed in this zone.
     Critical zone- Solids which
    are settling out of through the
    feed layer pass into this zone.
     Compression zone- The
    solids when pass into this
    zone are subjected to
    increasing solids
    stress(arising from the
    weights of the solids above).
    They are compacted or
    thickened.
    THANK
    YOU

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