Welding Procedure Specification: Asme Sec Ix

Welding Procedure Specification
ASME SEC IX
Purpose of WPS Qualification
To determine that the weldment is capable of

providing the required properties for the
intended application.
WPS establishes the properties of the weldment

and not the skill of the welder.
Welding Procedure Specification
It is a written document that provides direction to
the welder for making production welds in
accordance with code requirements.
WPS specifies the conditions (ranges) under
which welding must be performed called
variables.
WPS addresses essential, supplementary
essential and non essential variables
Any WPS must be qualified by the manufacturer.
Procedure Qualification
When two or more procedures (diff
processes or other essential variables) are
used in one joint, the applicable range of
thickness of weld metal qualified is also
specified.
One or more processes from a
combination may be deleted provided
remaining metal meets the requirements.
Several WPSs may be prepared from one PQR.
Example.
1G plate PQR may support WPSs in 2G, 3G,
4G, pipe 5G, 6G etc provided other parameters
are kept same.
A single WPS may cover several PQRs
Example. A single WPS may cover 1.6 mm to

32 mm thickness if PQRs for 1.6 to 4.8 mm
and 4.8 mm to 32 mm thickness ranges are
available.
Considerations for establishing WPS
 Material  Preheat/Postheat/
PWHT requirements
 Thickness
 Skill of welder
 Configuration
 Good welding m/c
 Detailed drawing of with accessories
weldment
 Process
 Code of construction
WPS preparation
WPS – Welding Procedure Specification
is prepared based on the
PQR – Procedure Qualification Record

Procedure Qualification Record
It documents what occurred during welding the test
coupon and the results of the test coupon.
PQR documents the essential variables and other

specific information and the results of the required
testing. In addition, when notch toughness is
required for procedure qualification, the applicable
supplementary essential variables shall be recorded.
PQR is a record of welding data used to weld a
test coupon. It also contains test results.
Completed PQR shall document all essential

variables including ranges.
PQR to be certified accurate and shall not be

subcontracted.
If more than one process is involved then

weld deposit thickness for each process and
filler metal to be recorded.
Variables
 Base metal
 Welding Process  Essential
 Filler metal
 Shielding medium  Non-essential
 Joint design
 Backing material  Supplemental
 Preheat essential
 PWHT
 Back gauging
Variables
 Essential
Changes in which are considered to affect the
mechanical properties of the weldment
 Supplementary essential
Required for meeting notch toughness requirements
 Non-essential
Changes can be made with out requalification
WPS for SMAW
Essential variables
Change in qualified Thickness
Change in P no
Change in F no of filler metal
Change in A no of filler metal
Change in deposited metal thickness
Decrease of more than 55°C in preheat
Change in PWHT
WPS for SMAW
Supplementary Essential variables

Change in Group no of base metal
Change in T limits for impact test
Change in dia of filler metal > 6 mm
Change in AWS class of filler metal
Change in welding position
Increase of more than 55° C in preheat
Change in PWHT Time and temp range
Change in current or polarity
WPS for SMAW
Non Essential variables
Change in Groove design, backing, root spacing,
retainers etc
Change in dia. of filler metal
Change in preheat maintenance
Change in current or polarity
Change in string/weave, cleaning, back gouging,
peening, manual/automatic
WPS for GTAW
Essential variables
Change in qualified Thickness
Change in P no
Change in F no & A no of filler metal
Addition/deletion of filler metal
Change in size of filler metal, product form
Decrease of more than 55° C in preheat
Change in PWHT
WPS for GTAW
Essential variables (cond)
Change in single, mixture % gas

Deletion of backing gas
Change in shielding / trailing gas
Change in Closed to out chamber technique
WPS for GTAW
Supplementary Essential variables
Change in Group no of base metal
Change in T limits
Increase of more than 100 F in preheat
Change in PWHT Time and temp range
Change in current/polarity, incr. in heat input
Change in multi to single pass, electrodes
Procedure Qualification Thickness limits
T mm Range Max t Tests

of T Weld (transverse bend)
<1.6 T - 2T 2t 2Tr Ten,2 FB,2 RB

1.5 to 10 1.5 - 2T 2t -do-
10 to <19 5 - 2T 2t -do-
19 to 38 5 - 2T 2t if t<19 2Tr Ten, 4 SB
2Tif t>19
>38 38 to 200 2t if t<19 -do-
8 if t>19
Base Metal P Numbers
Examples of P nos for steel
P1 C Steel
P3 1/2 Mo steels
P4 1 Cr 1/2 Mo steels
P5A 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo steels
P6 13 Cr steel
P7 17 Cr steel
P8 ASS
P9A 2 1/2 Ni steels
P10A Mn - 1/2 Ni - V steels
P11 9 Ni steels
Base Metal for WPS
Material combinations qualified
Test Coupon Base Metals qualified
Px – Px Px
Px – Py Px - Py
P3 - P3 P3 – ( P3 / P1)
P4 - P4 P4 – ( P4 / P3 / P1)
P5A - P5A P5A – ( P5A / P4 / P3
/ P1)
P5A – (P4 / P3 / P1) P5A – (P4 / P3 / P1)
P4 – (P3 / P1) P4 – (P3 / P1)
Procedure Qualification Thickness limits
T Range Max t Tests

of T of weld (longitudinal bend)
1.6 T - 2T 2t 2T, 2 FB, 2 RB

1.6 to 19 1.6 - 2T 2t -do-
19 1.6 - 2T 2t -do-

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Welding Procedure Specification

To determine that the weldment is capable of

WPS establishes the properties of the weldment

Example. A single WPS may cover 1.6 mm to

WPS – Welding Procedure Specification

is prepared based on the

PQR – Procedure Qualification Record

PQR documents the essential variables and other

Completed PQR shall document all essential

PQR to be certified accurate and shall not be

If more than one process is involved then

Supplementary Essential variables

Essential variables (cond)

Change in single, mixture % gas

T mm Range Max t Tests

<1.6 T - 2T 2t 2Tr Ten,2 FB,2 RB

T Range Max t Tests

1.6 T - 2T 2t 2T, 2 FB, 2 RB

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