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    Refrigerants and Their Properties

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    Suraj Kumar
    This document discusses refrigerants, including their properties, designation, and classification. It provides information on: 1. Refrigerants are the working substances in refrigeration systems and can absorb heat through phase changes from liquid to gas. Common refrigerants include fluorocarbons, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and hydrocarbons. 2. Refrigerants are designated with an R followed by numbers related to their chemical formula. Inorganic refrigerants use numbers based on their molecular weight plus 700. 3. Desirable refrigerant properties include low boiling point, high heat transfer rates, non-toxicity, and being ozone-friendly. Refrigerants are classified as

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    Refrigerants and Their Properties

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    Suraj Kumar
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    This document discusses refrigerants, including their properties, designation, and classification. It provides information on: 1. Refrigerants are the working substances in refrigeration systems and can absorb heat through phase changes from liquid to gas. Common refrigerants include fluorocarbons, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and hydrocarbons. 2. Refrigerants are designated with an R followed by numbers related to their chemical formula. Inorganic refrigerants use numbers based on their molecular weight plus 700. 3. Desirable refrigerant properties include low boiling point, high heat transfer rates, non-toxicity, and being ozone-friendly. Refrigerants are classified as

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    Refrigerants

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    This document discusses refrigerants, including their properties, designation, and classification. It provides information on: 1. Refrigerants are the working substances in refrigeration systems and can absorb heat through phase changes from liquid to gas. Common refrigerants include fluorocarbons, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and hydrocarbons. 2. Refrigerants are designated with an R followed by numbers related to their chemical formula. Inorganic refrigerants use numbers based on their molecular weight plus 700. 3. Desirable refrigerant properties include low boiling point, high heat transfer rates, non-toxicity, and being ozone-friendly. Refrigerants are classified as

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    969 views10 pages

    Refrigerants and Their Properties

    Uploaded by

    Suraj Kumar
    This document discusses refrigerants, including their properties, designation, and classification. It provides information on: 1. Refrigerants are the working substances in refrigeration systems and can absorb heat through phase changes from liquid to gas. Common refrigerants include fluorocarbons, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and hydrocarbons. 2. Refrigerants are designated with an R followed by numbers related to their chemical formula. Inorganic refrigerants use numbers based on their molecular weight plus 700. 3. Desirable refrigerant properties include low boiling point, high heat transfer rates, non-toxicity, and being ozone-friendly. Refrigerants are classified as

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    REFRIGERANTS AND THEIR

    PROPERTIES

    by

    Dr. BIJAN KUMAR MANDAL


    Professor
    Department Mechanical Engineering
    Bengal Engineering And Science University, Shibpur
    Refrigerant: Introduction

    • Refrigerant is the working substance in any refrigeration system.


    • Any substance that absorbs heat through expansion or vaporization may
    be called a refrigerant.
    • So a refrigerant is a substance which is used in a heat cycle usually
    including for enhanced efficiency, a reversible phase transition from a 
    liquid to a gas.
    • Traditionally, fluorocarbons, especially chlorofluorocarbons, were used
    as refrigerants,
    • But they are being phased out because of their ozone depletion effects.
    • Other common refrigerants used in various applications
    are ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and non-halogenated hydrocarbons such
    as propane
    DESIGNATION OF REFRIGERANTS

    The designation starts with Refrigerant or R followed by certain numbers.

    The refrigerant derived from a saturated hydrocarbon having the chemical


    formula in which (n+p+q) = 2m+2, is represented as R (m - 1) (n + 1) (p).

    Hence, for dichloro- tetrafluoro-ethane in which there are two carbon atoms
    (m = 2), no hydrogen atom (n = 0) and four fluorine atoms (p = 4), the
    designation is R (2-1) (0+1) (4), viz., R114.

    In this manner, CCl3F is R11, CCl2F2 is R12, CHCLF2 is R22, C2Cl3F3 is


    R113, CH4 is R50, C2H6 is R170, C3­H8 is R290, and so on.

    The brominated refrigerants are denoted by putting an additional B and a


    number to denote as to how many chlorine atoms are replaced by bromine
    atoms. Thus R13B1 is derived from the R13 with the replacement of one
    chlorine atom by a bromine atom. Its chemical formula is, therefore,
    CF3Br.
    DESIGNATION OF REFRIGERANTS (cotd.)

    In the case of common inorganic refrigerants,


    numerical designations have been given
    according to their molecular weight added to
    700.
    Thus ammonia, whose molecular weight is 17,
    is designated as R717.
    Similarly, water is designated as R718
    and carbon dioxide R744.
    DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANT
     Low boiling and freezing point
     High critical pressure and temperature
     High latent heat of vaporization
     Low specific heat of liquid and high specific heat of vapour
     Low specific volume of vapour
     High thermal conductivity
     Non- corrosive to metal
     Non- flammable and non- explosive
     Non- toxic
     Low cost
     Easily and regularly available
     Easy to liquefy at moderate pressure and temperature
     Easy of locating leaks by odour or suitable indicator
     Mixes well with oil
     High coefficient of performance, and
     Ozone friendly and less GWP.
    CLASSIFICATION OF REFRIGERANTS:

    Primary refrigerants:
    Directly take part in refrigeration system

     1. Halo-carbon or organic refrigerants


     2. Azeotrope refrigerants
     3. Inorganic refrigerants
     4. Hydro-carbon refrigerants.

    Secondary refrigerants
    First cooled by primary refrigerants and then used for cooling purposes
    Example- Brine solution
    THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANTS

    Normal boiling points, saturation pressure and pressure ratio


    Condensing temp. 30ºC and evaporating temp. -15ºC
    ODP and GWP values of different refrigerants
    Applications of different refrigerants

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