Chemical Formula, Naming & Writing Compound: General Chemistry 1

CHEMICAL FORMULA,
NAMING & WRITING

COMPOUND
General Chemistry 1
Objective/s:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1) represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural
formulas, and models.
2) name the similarities and difference between empirical
formula and molecular formula of a compound.
3) recognize the formulas of some common chemical
substances.
Chemical Formulas
 Writing Chemical Formula is a way of expressing in
symbols the elements present in a compound, as well
as the number of atoms of each element present in
the compound.
 Different types of chemical formulas used:

 Structural formulas
Molecular formulas
Empirical formulas
Structural Formulas
is a representation of a compound using the
symbolof the elements to indicate how the atoms are
arranged and bonded chemically.
Example: Water (H2O)
Molecular Formula
is a formula that shows the number of atoms per
element present in a compound.
also called the “true formula”
Example: molecular formula of glucose (C6H12O6)

 There are 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and
6 oxygen atoms in a glucose compound.
Empirical Formula
shows the simplest form of the atomic ratio
in a chemical compound
Example: Glucose (C6H12O6)

 The ratio of the Carbon, Hydrogen, and
Oxygen atoms, is 6:12:6 respectively.
The empirical formula of C6H12O6 is CH2O.
Models
A molecular model is a representation of a
compound’s molecular, and structural composition.
The ball-and-stick model depicts a 3-dimensional
representation of the atoms of a compound and the
bonds between them.
The space-filling model depicts the atoms of a
compound using spheres that are joined together,
approximating the proportionate sizes of the atoms
Objective/s:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1) name compounds given their formula
2) write formulas given the names of compounds
3) write the chemical formulas of ionic compounds
and name ionic compounds from formulas.
Naming Compounds
There are certain rules to follow when
naming compounds.
Ionic and Molecular compounds use
different nomenclature rules.
Naming Ionic Compounds
An ionic compound is neutrally- charged
compound that contains a cation, and an
anion.
Cations are usually metallic, while anions
are usually nonmetallic.
Rules in Naming Ionic
Compounds
 If the cation has only one (1) oxidation state, the
following rules apply:
 name the metal
 if the cation has more than one oxidation

state,the following rules apply:
a. Name the metal
b. Indicate the charge of the metal cation using
Roman numerals and enclose it in
parentheses or use suffixes -ous and -ic
Cont.
If the anion is monoatomic, add the suffix
-ide to the root of the name of the
nonmetal.
A monoatomic anion is made up of only 1
atom.
 If the anion is polyatomic, use the name of
the anion.
A polyatomic anion is made up of more
than one atom of different elements.
Ionic charges of some common elements (cation)
Name of Elements Name of Ions Ionic charge
Hydrogen hydrogen ion H+
Lithium lithium ion Li+
Sodium sodium ion Na+
Potassium potassium K+
Beryllium beryllium Be2+
Magnesium magnesium Mg2+
Calcium calcium Ca2+
Aluminum aluminum Al3+
Ionic charges of some common elements (cation)

Nickel nickelous, nickelic Ni2+, Ni3+
Iron ferrous, ferric Fe2+, Fe3+
Gold aurous, auric Au+, Au3+
Mercury mercurous, mercuric Hg+, Hg2+
Tin stannous, stannic Sn2+, Sn4+
Cobalt cobaltous, coobaltic Co2+,Co3+
Antimony antimonous, antimonic Sb3+,Sb5+
Silver silver Ag+
Metal Classical name Stock name
Cu+ Cuprous Copper (I)
Cu2+ Cupric copper (II)
Fe2+ Ferrous iron (II)
Fe3+ Ferric iron (III)
Ionic charges of some common elements (anion)
Phosphorous phosphide P3-
Oxygen oxide O2-
Sulfur sulfide S2-
Iodine iodide I-
Chlorine chloride Cl-
Fluorine fluoride F-
Some common polyatomic charges
Name of polyatomic Ion Formula and Charge of the
polyatomic ion
Carbonate CO32-
Chlorate ClO3-
Chromate CrO42-
Cyanate CNO-
hydroxide OH-
Hypochlorite ClO-
Iodate IO3-
Name of polyatomic Ion Formula and Charge of the
polyatomic ion
Oxalate C2O42-
Perchlorate ClO4-
Permanganate MnO4-
Phosphate PO43-
Sulfate SO42-
sulfite SO32-
Monhydrogen phosphate HPO42-
Thiocyanate SCN-
Example of Ionic Compound
Formula Name
NaCl Sodium chloride
Na2S Sodium sulfide
AgBr Silver bromide
Al2O3 Aluminum oxide
CaH Calcium hydride
Mg2N3 Magnesium nitride
Exercise
Name the following ionic compounds (stock
name).
1.) AgCl 6.) Al(CN)3
2.) Na2CO3 7.) KCl
3.) PbO 8.) Mg3P2
4.) FeCl2 9.)Be2SO4
5.) CrF2 10.) Al2S3
Writing
Ionic
Compounds
Inwriting the formulas of compounds, we must
know the oxidation numbers, as stated in the
general rules.
Oxidation number is a positive or negative
number assigned to an atom to indicate its
degree of oxidation or reduction.
Example #1: What is the chemical formula for

Sodium chloride?
Example #1
 know the oxidation number;
Na is +1
Cl is -1
 using the crisscross method is a way of
formulating compound.
Na1+1 Cl1-1
 chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl
Example #2
What is the chemical formula for aluminum
phosphate?
know the oxidation number;
Al is +3 PO4 is -3
Al3+ PO4-3
chemical formula for Aluminum phosphate is
Al3(PO4)3. Both subscript are divisible by 3, the
formula can be simplified to AlPO4
Example #3
What is the chemical formula for chromium
(III) nitrate?
know the oxidation number;
Cr is +3 NO3 is -1
Cr3+ NO3-1
chemical formula for Chromium (III) nitrate is
Cr(NO3)3.
Exercise:
Give the chemical formula of the following
ionic compounds.
1.) potassium permanganate
2.) ammonium nitrate
3.) calcium chlorate
4.) potassium dichromate
5.) iron (III) pyrophosphate
Reference/s:
 General Chemistry 1 for Senior High School. C&E Publishing, Inc., 2017
 General Chemistry 1 Rex Book Store
 Chemistry for College Students by Ma. Elena Agravante

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CHEMICAL FORMULA,

NAMING & WRITING

 Different types of chemical formulas used:

Example: molecular formula of glucose (C6H12O6)

Example: Glucose (C6H12O6)

 if the cation has more than one oxidation

Name of Elements Name of Ions Ionic charge

Example #1: What is the chemical formula for

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