MAULANA AZAD

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

BHOPAL
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DATA
PRESENTED BY-
HARITHAPRIYA VIJAYE (201109045)
S TAT E - K E R A L A MARIETTE ROSE GEORGE (201109044)

B.PLAN, 3RD SEMESTER

C I T Y- C A L I C U T PLN- 2106
DEMOGRAPHY IN PLANNING
SUBMITTED TO- PROF. SAUMYA SHARMA MA’AM
 INTRODUCTION

C
C

INDIA
KERALA

CALICU
Area: 118 km² T
Elevation: 1 m
Weather: 29 °C, Wind NW at 3 km/h
Humidity: 73%

Population: 6.09 lakhs (2011)

Metro population: 20,28,399
 BACKGROUND
• Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is an Indian city and the second-largest
metropolitan city in the State of Kerala. It is also the 19th largest in the country
with a population of two million according to the 2011 census. Kozhikode is
classified as a Tier 2 city by the Government of India.

• It is the largest city in the region known as Malabar and was the capital of the
British-era Malabar district. In antiquity and the medieval period, Kozhikode
was dubbed the City of Spices for its role as the major trading point for Indian
spices. It was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the Samoothiris.

• The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to medieval South Indian coast for
the Chinese, the Arabs, the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally the British.
According to data compiled by economics research firm Indicus Analytics in
2009 on residences, earnings and investments, Kozhikode was ranked the
second best city in India to live in.

• The word calico, a fine variety of hand-woven cotton cloth that was exported
from the port of Kozhikode, is thought to have been derived from Calicut. It is
the historical capital of Kerala as the history dates back to 1498 AD when
Vasco da Gama landed in Koyilandy, near Calicut.
INTRODUCTION
 C I V I C A D M I N I S T R AT I O N

• The city is administered by the Kozhikode Corporation, headed by a mayor.

For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 75 wards, from which
the members of the corporation council are elected for five years.

• Recently neighboring suburbs Beypore, Elathur, Cheruvannur and Nallalam

were merged within the municipal corporation.

• Kozhikode Corporation is the first City Corporation in Kerala after the

creation of the state. Established in 1962, Kozhikode Corporation's first
mayor was H Manjunatha Rao.

• Kozhikode corporation has four assembly constituencies – Kozhikode North,

Kozhikode South, Beypore and Elathur – all of which are part of Kozhikode.
 CLIMATE

Kozhikode has a tropical monsoon climate . A brief spell of pre-monsoon Mango showers hits the city sometime during
April. However, the primary source of rain is the South-west monsoon that sets in the first week of June and continues until
September. The city receives significant precipitation from the North-East Monsoon that sets in from the second half of
October through November.
 TOTAL POPULATION

YEAR TOTAL POPULATION TOTAL POPULATION MALE TOTAL POPULATION FEMALE  

1991 2619941 1292765 1327176

2001 2879131 1399358 1479773

2011 3086293 1470942 1615351

 TOTAL POPULATION

TOTAL POPULATION TOTAL POPULATION MALE

TOTAL POPULATION FEMALE
3500000

3000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0
1991 2001 2011
 INFERENCE

• A steady increase in population can be seen from 1991 to 2011. The total population rose from
2619941 in 1991to 3086293 in 2011.
• There has also been a rise in the female population in the district from 1991 to 2011. The reason
for this this could be the reduction in female foeticide, increase in literacy and increase women's’
rights.
• Of the 30,86,293 population in Kozhikode, the urban population is 20,74,778. However, the
growth rate of the district has declined from 16.69% in 1991 to 9.89% in 2001 and 7.33% in 2011.
• The urban areas of the district show higher growth rate of population whereas the rural areas
surrounding the urban areas show significantly lower growth rate indicating possible migration of
people to the urban areas from the surrounding rural settlements. 
 MAIN WORKERS

YEAR TOTAL MAIN WORKERS MAIN WORKERS(M) MAIN WORKERS(F)

1991 609005 521219 87786

2001 630836 550274 80562

2011 754187 637099 117088

 MAIN WORKERS

TOTAL MAIN WORKERS MAIN WORKERS(M) MAIN WORKERS(F)

800000

700000

600000

500000

400000

300000

200000

100000

0
1991 2001 2011
 INFERENCE

•  An increase can be seen the total number of main workers employed between the years 1991 to
2001. The total main workers has risen from 609005 in 1991 to 630836 in 2001 and 754187 in
2011.
• The total working population of the females has also increased significantly from 80562 in 2001
to 117088 in 2011. The reason for this could be the increase in women and girls’ education and
better opportunities contributing to higher economic growth. The working population in males has
also grown from 521219 in 1991 to 637099 in 2001.
• The work participation rate (WPR) for males marginally increased from 51.6 percent to 51.9
percent during 1991-2001, for females it improved significantly from 22.7 to 25.7 during the
corresponding period. 
 MARGINAL WORKERS

YEAR MARGINAL WORKERS TOTAL MARGINAL WORKERS (M) MARGINAL WORKER (F)  

1991 87086 55165 31921

2001 172064 130670 41364

2011 50794 21830 28964

 MARGINAL WORKERS

MARGINAL WORKERS TOTAL Column1 MARGINAL WORKER (F)

200000

180000

160000

140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
1991 2001 2011
 INFERENCE

• The proportion of marginal workers has reduced from 172064 in 2001 to 50794 in 2011.
• Both male and female population of marginal workers has decreased in the corresponding years.
• Majority of female workers are from rural areas. This may be due to their being employed
predominantly in activities like cultivation and agricultural labour. In the urban areas, majority of
female workers are engaged in Households industry and other works.
• Interestingly, among marginal workers females outnumber the males. In three of the four
categories, viz. cultivators, agricultural labourers and household industries, female marginal
workers outnumber male workers.
• The most significant improvement is seen in case of rural marginal workers which improved from
0.7 percent in 1991 of males and from 8.1 percent to 14.2 percent in case of females during the
corresponding period. A large number of marginal workers depicts economic instability.
 NON WORKERS

YEAR TOTAL NON WORKERS MALE NON WORKERS FEMALE NON WORKERS

1991 1923850 716381 1207469

2001 2076231 718414 1357817

2011 2137312 718609 1418703

 NON WORKERS

TOTAL NON WORKERS MALE NON WORKERS FEMALE NON WORKERS

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0
1991 2001 2011
 INFERENCE

• The total number of non-workers in the city has increased from 1923850 in 1991 to 2076231 in
2001 to 2137312 in 2011.
 SEX RATIO (NO OF FEMALES PER 1000 MALES)

YEAR SEX RATIO

1991 1027

2001 1057

2011 1097
 SEX RATIO (NO OF FEMALES PER 1000 MALES)

SEX RATIO
1120

1100

1080

1060

1040

1020

1000

980
1991 2001 2011

SEX RATIO
 INFERENCE

• With regards to the Sex Ratio in Kozhikode, it stood at 1097 per 1000 males.
• Sex Ratio in urban regions of Calicut was 1091 females per 1000 males. For child (0-6) sex ratio
the figure for urban region stood at 963 girls per 1000 boys. Total children (0-6 age) living in
urban areas of Kerala were 1,649,291.
• There were a total of 41,574 children under the age of 0-6 years. Of total  21,208 are boys while
20,366  are girls. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 960. In 2011, Children under 0-6
formed 9.62% of the total population of Kozhikode City.
• The life expectancy in Calicut is also high and the life expectancy of female is more. Good
medical care and other facilities is a reason for this.
 RELIGION

YEAR HINDUS MUSLIMS CHRISTIANS SIKHS BHUDISTS JAINS OTHER NOT STATED

1991 1546834 949194 121383 41 17 641 215 1616

2001 1669161 1078750 127468 83 56 693 79 NA

2011  1734958 1211131  131516  297  235  601  588  6967 

 RELIGION
1991 2001

Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs

Bhudists Jains Others Not Stated Bhudists Jains Others Not Stated

2011

Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs

Bhudists Jains Others Not Stated
 INFERENCE

• Hinduism is majority religion in state of Kerala with 54.73 % followers. Islam is second most
popular religion in the city of Calicut with approximately 26.56 % following it. In Calicut,
Christinity is followed by 18.38 %, Jainism by 0.01 %, Sikhism by 0.01 % and Buddhism by 0.01
%. Around 0.02 % stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.26 % stated 'No Particular Religion'.
 LITERACY

YEAR LITERATE (M) LITERATE (F)

1991 155414 165283

2001 1174611 1160831

2011 1266939 1348504

1600000

1400000

1200000

1000000

800000 LITERACY
600000

400000

200000

0
1991 2001 2011

LITERATE (M) LITERATE (F)

 INFERENCE

• The average literacy rate of Kozhikode City in 2011 was 96.80 %. If things are looked out at
gender wise, male and female literacy was 97.93 % and 95.78%. respectively. Total literate in
Kozhikode city was 378,033 of which 181,451 are males while 196,582 are females.
• The total literacy rate of Kozhikode district was 95.08% in 2011 which is greater than average
literacy rate 94% of Kerala. Population-wise, out of total 2,615,443 literates, males were
1,266,939 while females were 1,348,504. Also the male literacy rate was 97.42% and the female
literacy rate was 92.99% in Kozhikode district.
 ILLITERACY

YEAR ILLITERATE (M) ILLITERATE (F)

1991 226444 322364

2001 224747 318942

2011 204003 266847

350000

300000

250000

200000
ILLITERACY
150000

100000

50000

0
1991 2001 2011

ILLITERATE (M) ILLITERATE (F)

 INFERENCE

• A significant feature is the fall in the absolute number of illiterates in the city from 578808 is
1991 to 470850 in 2001 census. Among the total number of literates, proportion of those educated
up to Primary level has been about 55.6% in 2001.
 DISABLITY

YEAR TOTAL DISABLIED DISABLED (M) DISABLED (F)

1991 NA NA NA 

2001 81853 42659 39194

2011 83928 43116 40812

PROJECTION
Given data from the census:
YEAR TOTAL POPULATION INCREMENT 

1991 26,19,941

2001 28,79,131
Decadal growth
2,59,190

2011 30,86,293 2,07,162

P(n)= P(R)^t 
GEOMETRIC PROJECTION: R= 1+r

Year %age growth Growth rate

 r (Geometric mean)
1991
= (0.989 x 0.0.719)^(1/2)
= 0.843
2001 9.892% 0.989
P (population of the last
2011 7.195% 0.719 census i. e. 2011)
= 30,86,293
 • Predict the population of 2021 and 2031:
• P(2021)= P(1+r)^t      (t=1)
   = 30,86,293(1+0.843) = 56,88,038
• P(2031)= P(1+r)^t      (t=2)
   = 30,86,293(1+0.843)^2 = 1,04,83,054

Let's compare this with arithmetic projection

ARITHMETIC PROJECTION:
P= n*C
INCREMENT  C
=(2,59,190+2,07,162)/2
2,59,190 =2,33,176
2,07,162 P= 30,86,293
n= time
• P(2021)= P+(n*C)     (n=1)
  = 30,86,293+2,33,176
  = 33,19,469 Difference between both the methods
• P(2031)= P+(n*C)     (n=2)
• GP(2021)- AP(2021)
  = 30,86,293+(2*2,33,176)
=56,88,038 - 33,19,469
  = 35,52,645
=23,68,569
GP(2031)- AP(2031)
=1,04,83,054 - 35,52,645
=69,30,403
Difference is increasing at a high
rate.
Geometric Projection
YEAR TOTAL POPULATION
1991 26,19,941
2001 28,79,131
2011 30,86,293
2021 56,88,038 TOTAL POPULATION
2031 1,04,83,054 12,000,000

10,000,000

8,000,000

6,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

0
1991 2001 2011 2021 2031

TOTAL POPULATION
Arithmetic Projection
YEAR TOTAL POPULATION
1991 26,19,941
2001 28,79,131
2011 30,86,293
2021 33,19,469 TOTAL POPULATION
2031 35,52,645 4,000,000

3,500,000

3,000,000

2,500,000

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

500,000

0
1991 2001 2011 2021 2031

TOTAL POPULATION
Which method seems to be suitable?
• Although we can take both the methods to project
population, but it depends on the city as well.
• Calicut, is developing at a slow pace and it does not
have any further development program to attract
population for a geometric projection.
• As previous trend suggests, Arithematic projection is
more accurate.
 CONCLUSION

• Total Population under Municipal Corporation limits is 550,440.

• Males form 47.7% and females 52.3%.
• Kozhikode has been a multi-ethnic and multi-religious town since the
early medieval period.
• The Hindus form the largest religious group, followed by Muslims
and Christians.
•  Hindus form the majority at 60.7% of the population with 315807
members.
• Muslims form 37.6% of the population with 207298 members.
• The corporation of Kozhikode has an average literacy rate of
96.8% (national average is 74.85%).
• The male literacy rate is 97.93% and female literacy rate is 95.78%.
 CONCLUSION

• Pre-modern Kozhikode was already teeming with people of several

communities and regional groups.
• Brahmins, lived in the city mostly around the Hindu temples. Regional groups
like the Tamil Brahmins, Gujaratis and Marwari Jains became part of the city
and lived around their shrines.
• The Nairs (GENERAL CASTE) formed the rulers, warriors and landed gentry
of Kozhikode. 
• The Thiyyas (OBC) formed the vaidyars(Physicians), local militia and traders
of Kozhikode.
• The Muslims of Kozhikode are known as Mappilas, and according to the
official Kozhikode website "the great majority of them are Sunnis following
the Shafi school of thought.
• There are some smaller communities among the Muslims such as Dawoodi
Bohras of Gujarati origin.
•  Many of the Muslims living in the historic part of the city
follow matrilineality and are noted for their piety. 
 CONCLUSION

• Though Christianity is believed to have been introduced in Kerala in the 1st

century CE, the size of community in Malabar (northern Kerala) began to rise
only after the arrival of the Portuguese missionaries towards the close of the
15th century.
• A few Christians of Thiruvitankoor and Kochi have lately migrated to the
hilly regions of the district and are settled there.
• The Tamil Brahmins are primarily settled around the Tali Siva temple. They
arrived in Kozhikode as dependants of chieftains, working as cooks, cloth
merchants and moneylenders. They have retained their Tamil language and
dialects as well as caste rituals.
• The Gujarati community is settled mostly around the Jain temple in and
around the Valliyangadi. They owned many establishments, especially textile
and sweet shops. They belong to either the Hindu or the Jain community.
• A few Marwari families are also found in Kozhikode who was basically
moneylenders.
THANK YOU