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    Learning Theories OB

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    121910308039 KOPPOLU PENCHALA VAMSI KRISHNA REDDY
    Individual decision making involves an individual choosing a course of action from alternatives, while collective decision making occurs through group agreement. Classical conditioning posits that pairing a natural stimulus with an environmental one will lead the environmental stimulus to elicit a similar response. It has three stages: before acquisition, acquisition, and after acquisition. Operant conditioning teaches that behaviors are shaped by rewards and punishments, with positive reinforcement inspiring more of a behavior and negative reinforcement removing an unpleasant stimulus to encourage a behavior. Cognitive learning theory explains how internal and external factors influence human learning and mental processes.

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    Learning Theories OB

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    121910308039 KOPPOLU PENCHALA VAMSI KRISHNA REDDY
    53 views21 pages
    Individual decision making involves an individual choosing a course of action from alternatives, while collective decision making occurs through group agreement. Classical conditioning posits that pairing a natural stimulus with an environmental one will lead the environmental stimulus to elicit a similar response. It has three stages: before acquisition, acquisition, and after acquisition. Operant conditioning teaches that behaviors are shaped by rewards and punishments, with positive reinforcement inspiring more of a behavior and negative reinforcement removing an unpleasant stimulus to encourage a behavior. Cognitive learning theory explains how internal and external factors influence human learning and mental processes.

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    Individual decision making involves an individual choosing a course of action from alternatives, while collective decision making occurs through group agreement. Classical conditioning posits that pairing a natural stimulus with an environmental one will lead the environmental stimulus to elicit a similar response. It has three stages: before acquisition, acquisition, and after acquisition. Operant conditioning teaches that behaviors are shaped by rewards and punishments, with positive reinforcement inspiring more of a behavior and negative reinforcement removing an unpleasant stimulus to encourage a behavior. Cognitive learning theory explains how internal and external factors influence human learning and mental processes.

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    53 views21 pages

    Learning Theories OB

    Uploaded by

    121910308039 KOPPOLU PENCHALA VAMSI KRISHNA REDDY
    Individual decision making involves an individual choosing a course of action from alternatives, while collective decision making occurs through group agreement. Classical conditioning posits that pairing a natural stimulus with an environmental one will lead the environmental stimulus to elicit a similar response. It has three stages: before acquisition, acquisition, and after acquisition. Operant conditioning teaches that behaviors are shaped by rewards and punishments, with positive reinforcement inspiring more of a behavior and negative reinforcement removing an unpleasant stimulus to encourage a behavior. Cognitive learning theory explains how internal and external factors influence human learning and mental processes.

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    Learning theories

    Module -2
    Individual Decision Making

     Individual decision refers to the decision-making process where an individual


    selects the course of action to be followed in the business from various
    alternatives whereas collective decision refers to the group decision which occurs
    at the mutual agreement of the group.
    Classical Conditioning theory

     Classical conditioning is a behaviorist theory of learning.

     sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning

    It posits that when a naturally occurring stimulus and an environmental stimulus are repeatedly paired,

    the environmental stimulus will eventually elicit a similar response to the natural stimulus.

    The classical conditioning theory is based on the assumption that learning is developed through

    interactions with the environment.


    The three stages of classical conditioning are
    i.  Before the acquisition,
    ii. Acquisition,
    iii. And after acquisition.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XttvR7NxHw
    Operant conditioning
     (also known as instrumental conditioning)

     Operant conditioning was first described by behaviorist B.F. Skinner

     A process by which humans and animals learn to behave in such a way as to


    obtain rewards and avoid punishments.

     Operant conditioning is a process in which people learn to behave in a certain way


    in order to get rewards and avoid punishment. It's a type of behavior change that
    occurs because of a purposeful cause-and-effect reinforcement.
     After performing in a community theater play, you receive applause from the audience.
    This acts as a positive reinforcer, inspiring you to try out for more performance roles.

     A professor tells students that if they have perfect attendance all semester, then they do not
    have to take the final comprehensive exam. By removing an unpleasant stimulus (the final
    test), students are negatively reinforced to attend class regularly.
     For example,

    when lab rats press a lever when a green light is on, they receive a food pellet as a
    reward. When they press the lever when a red light is on, they receive a mild electric
    shock. As a result, they learn to press the lever when the green light is on and avoid
    the red light.
    Types of Behaviors

     Skinner distinguished between two different types of behaviors

    • Respondent behaviors are those that occur automatically and reflexively, such as pulling your hand
    back from a hot stove or jerking your leg when the doctor taps on your knee. You don't have to learn
    these behaviors. They simply occur automatically and involuntarily.

    • Operant behaviors, on the other hand, are those under our conscious control. Some may occur
    spontaneously and others purposely, but it is the consequences of these actions that then influence
    whether or not they occur again in the future. Our actions on the environment and the consequences of
    that actions make up an important part of the learning process.
    Social learning theory
     Psychologist Albert Bandura developed the social learning theory 

     Social learning theory suggests that social behavior is learned by observing


    and imitating the behavior of others.

     Social learning theory considers how both environmental and cognitive factors
    interact to influence human learning and behavior.
    Cognitive learning

    Cognitive learning theory explains how internal and external factors

    influence an individual's mental processes to supplement learning.


    Continuous and intermittent reinforcement
    theory
     A continuous schedule of reinforcement (sometimes abbreviated as CRF) occurs
    when reinforcement is delivered after every single target behavior whereas an
    intermittent schedule of reinforcement (INT) means reinforcement is delivered after
    some behaviors or responses but never after each one.

     An example of continuous reinforcement is a reward given to an animal every


    time they display the desired behavior.

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