Mixtures Form 2

Classification of matter
 Pure substances: Their characteristics

• They have a fixed, constant composition

• Their properties are fixed and constant (eg)
melting point, boiling point, density
• The component parts cannot be separated by
physical processes
 Elements
• A pure substance that cannot be broken
down into any simpler substances by using
any ordinary physical or chemical means/
processes.
• Elements are made up of atoms of only 1 type.
• A few are made up of molecules made of only
1 kind of atom like Oxygen molecules (O2)
Real element samples
 Compounds
• A pure substance that is formed from 2 or
more different types of elements which are
chemically bonded together in fixed
proportions and in a way that their properties
have changed.
• Compounds are represented by chemical
formulas (eg) H2O for water, NaCl for sodium
chloride/table salt
Compounds
Video: Pure substances vs mixtures
• https://youtu.be/-s7XSyl3jhI
• https://youtu.be/88MBCyiaPSM
What do all of these foods have in common?
 Mixtures
• A substance made up of two or more
components that have been combined in
varying proportions, using physical processes
• Each component retains its own individual
properties and is NOT chemically bonded to
any other component of the mixture
• https://youtu.be/Vt7lN4QPU0k
•
 Characteristics of mixtures
1. Have varying composition
2. Have variable properties because its
component parts keep their individual
physical properties
3. The component parts can be separated by
physical processes
 Types of Mixtures
• There are 2 main types of mixtures:
1. Homogeneous mixtures
2. Heterogeneous mixtures
Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures

• Homogeneous mixtures: uniform mixture

where the properties and composition are the
same throughout the mixture. The component
parts cannot be distinguished from each other
• Heterogeneous mixtures: non uniform mixture
where the component parts are
distinguishable from each other, though not
always to the naked eye
 Test yourself!
• Can you name 3 homogeneous mixtures that
have not yet been mentioned?

• Can you name 3 heterogeneous mixtures that

have not been named?
Heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures
• These two types of mixtures can be further
subdivided into solutions, suspensions and
colloids.
 Solution
• Definition: A homogeneous mixture of two or
more substances.
• Solute: the substance that is dissolved. ( can
be solid, liquid, gas)
• Solvent: substance that does the dissolving.
(can be solid, liquid, gas)
• Is the only homogeneous mixture.
 Solutions
• Aqueous solutions: solutions in which water is
the solvent
• Non aqueous solutions: Solutions where the
solvent is NOT water
 Characteristics of solutions
• Homogenous mixture (uniform composition)
• Particles are extremely small and cannot be
seen with the naked eye.
• Particles do not settle out when left to stand
• Particles cannot be filtered out of solution
• Solutions are allow light to pass through easily,
especially when liquid or gas based.
 Types of solutions
TYPE OF SOLUTION SOLUTE SOLVENT EXAMPLES
SOLID IN LIQUID Solid Liquid Salt in water like sea
water
SOLID IN SOLID Solid Solid Brass: tin metal mixed
with copper metal
Bronze: zinc metal
mixed with copper
metal
LIQUID IN LIQUID Liquid Liquid Alcohol (ethanol)
mixed with water like
rum
GAS IN LIQUID Gas Liquid Carbon dioxide gas
mixed in juice like
sodas
GAS IN GAS Gas Gas Air, whic hs a mixture
of different gases
mixed in nitrogen gas
Can you identify what type of solution each of the following are?
 Suspension
• Definition: A heterogeneous mixture where
minute, but visible particles are temporarily
suspended in another substance, usually a
liquid.
• A type of heterogeneous mixture
• The substances do NOT dissolve so the
components making up a suspension are
easily visible
 Characteristics of suspensions
• Their particles are the largest of the three
kinds of mixtures. Can be seen with the naked
eye.
• The particles are so large they will settle if left
to stand
• The mixture can be filtered
• The mixture is opaque when mixed.
 Examples of suspensions

• Can you name 2 more examples?

 Colloids
• Definition: A heterogeneous mixture where
particles of one substance are permanently
dispersed in another substance, usually a
liquid.
• Particles are larger than those in solutions but
smaller than those of a suspension
 Characteristics of colloids
• Particles are larger than those of a solution but
smaller than those of a suspension
• Particles cannot be seen with the naked eye nor a
microscope
• Particles will scatter light (Tyndall Effect)
• Particles cannot be filtered
• Particles will not settle if left to stand
 Scattering of light: Tyndall Effect

A) Light passes first through a colorless solution and is not scattered.

When it passes through a diluted milk solution, the light is scattered
by colloidal particles, an observation called the Tyndall effect. (B)
The Tyndall effect allows sunlight to be seen as it passes through a
fine mist.
 Examples of colloids
CLASS OF COLLOID WHAT IS DISPERSED WHAT IT IS EXAMPLES
DISPERSED IN

Solid aerosol solid gas smoke, dust in air

Solid emulsion liquid solid cheese, butter

Liquid emulsion liquid liquid milk, mayonnaise

fog, mist, clouds, aerosol

Liquid aerosol liquid gas
spray

Foam gas solid marshmallow

whipped cream, shaving

Foam gas liquid
cream
Some common colloids: (A) gelatin dessert (gel); (B) smoke (solid aerosol); (C) butter (solid
emulsion); (D) mayonnaise (liquid emulsion); (E) fog (liquid aerosol); (F) marshmallows (foam);
(G) whipped cream (foam).
 Comparing solutions, suspensions and
colloids
PROPERTY SOLUTIONS SUSPENSIONS COLLOIDS
PARTICLE SIZE Smallest of the Largest of the three Smaller than
three suspension but
larger than solution
TYPE OF MIXTURE Homogeneous Heterogeneous Heterogeneous

ABILITY TO Allows light to pass Does not allow light Scatters light and
TRANSMIT LIGHT through and to pass through and therefore appears
therefore appears appears opaque translucent
transparent
ABILITY TO BE Cannot be filtered Can be filtered Cannot be filtered
FILTERED

PARTICLES SETTLE No Yes No

WHEN LEFT TO
STAND
 Homework
• Go to the following websites below and complete
the Quizzes. Screenshot your scores and directly
send the screenshots to me via Whatsapp.
• https://
quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5daef7a757e348001a0c
b250/pure-substances-and-mixtures

• https://
www.softschools.com/quizzes/chemistry/mixture
s/quiz1861.html