MAIZE

CLASSIFICATION &
MILLING OF MAIZE
By: A. USHA SREE

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
FOOD AND NUTRITION
RBVRRWC
HYD
MAIZE
• Common name: Makka

• Family: Gramineae
• Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in
the world agricultural economy both as food for man
and feed for animals.
• It has very high yield potential.
Climate and soil
• Maize does well on a wide range of climatic conditions,

and it is grown in the tropical as well as temperate
regions.
• The ideal soils for its cultivation are the loams and sandy
loams which should be fertile, deep and well-drained.
• Maize is a staple food across the world is its high
nutritional value, with high levels of starch and also
valuable proteins and oils.
• Depending on the variety, maize may contain a number
of important B vitamins, folic acid, vitamin C, and
provitamin A (i.e., precursor to vitamin A).
• Maize is also rich in phosphorus, magnesium,
manganese, zinc, copper, iron and selenium, and has
small amounts of potassium and calcium.
• Maize is a good source of dietary fiber and protein,
while being very low in fat and sodium.
• Maize has tremendous variation in content and
composition of several colored pigments collectively
known as carotenoids (see also Carotenoids).
• Notably, the carotenoid beta-carotene (or provitamin A)
is converted to vitamin A by normal metabolic
processes in the body.
MAIZE CLASSIFICATION
Maize classification is based largely on the character of the
kernels:
1. Flint corn:(Zea mays indurata)

2.Dent Corn:(Zea mays indentata)
3.Pop corn:(Zea mays everta)
4.Sweet corn:(Zea mays saccharata)
5.Soft corn:(Zea mays amylacea)
6.Pod corn:(Zea mays tunicata)
7.Waxy corn:(Zea mays Caratina).
MAIZE MILLING
• Maize milling is the processing of maize (corn) for safe

and palatable consumption as food.
• Processing can be by machine-milling in either large- or
small-scale mills, or by hand-milling in domestic or
community settings.
CORN DRY MILLING
Dry milling process consists of the following steps:

• Cleaning
• Conditioning
• Degerming
• Drying
• Cooling
• Grading
• Grinding(Milling)
Cleaning
• When corn is received at the mill, it is cleaned by both dry
and wet process. Cleaning steps are sieving, separating
particles by shape and density and removing
ferromagnetic metals by permanent magnets.
Conditioning
• The cleaned corn is conditioned, which basically means
that water is added and the moisture allowed to
equilibrate within the kernels. A moisture content of 21%
is considered optimal.
Degermination
• The purpose of degerming is to remove hull, tip cap and
germ and leave the endosperm into large grits.
Drying
• The degermer product are to be dried to 15-18% moisture
content for proper grinding and sifting. Drying is
performed by conventional rotary steam tube dryers.
Cooling
• Counter-flow or cross flow rotary cooler can be used for
cooling the dried products.
Grading
• Recovery of various primary products is the next step.
The through-stock is sifted or classified by particle size
and enters into a conventional long reduction system
having the function of removing bran and germ while
releasing a maximum amount of clean large grits.
Milling
• The milling operation consists of the steps of grinding,
sifting, classifying, purifying, aspirating and in some case,
final drying. The normal flow is through break rolls and
then to sifters. The break rolls are followed by reduction
roll which grind the endosperm to the desired particle
size.
CORN WET MILLING CLEANING
• Most essential step in any processing industry.

• Clean the shelled corn to ensure that they are free from
dust and foreign bodies,Steaks of plant and foreign matter
is removed from grains.
• Cleaning is done with compressed air blow or series of
woven wire screen.
STEEPING
• Steeping is done to separate the water-soluble
substances from corn and to soften the kernels.
• Soft kernels are more feasible in chemically and
physically in further milling operations.
STEEP TANKS
The corn is soaked in water, called steepwater, at 50˚C for between 20 and 30 hours,
during which time it doubles in size. 
Sulphur dioxide is added to the water to prevent excessive bacterial growth.
As the corn swells and softens, the mildly acidic steepwater starts to loosen the gluten bonds
with the corn, and to release the starch.
The corn goes on to be milled.
GERM SEPARATION
• Disc mill is used to recover intact germ without oil

contamination.
• Coarser crushing is done to separate germ from kernel.
• During crushing, water is added to make a slurry.
• Germ having oil contents floats on water.
• Mixture is passed through Hydro clones
FIBER SEPARATION
• Screen are used to separate fiber from underflow mixture

• It may be multiple grind mill/Pressure fed screens of
various size.
• Starch & Gluten(Protein) passed through screen
• It is washed, Dewatered, Dried
• Corn gluten feed contain 10% fiber,15% starch,1%
fat,21% protein
• Collected fiber are called corn gluten feed which used in
animal feed & to make refined corn fiber for human
GLUTEN SEPARATION
Slurry containing gluten & starch is called mill starch
• Removal of water in thickener
• Moving mixture in Centrifuge under application of
centrifugal forces
• Dewatering of heavy gluten in vacuum rotary filter
• Result product is called gluten meal containing 60%
protein.
STARCH PROCESSING
• It is white light yellow powder

• Multiple stage washing in hydro clones
• Water from each stage is recycled to previous Centrifuge
• To obtained highly purred starch (> 99.5%)
• After centrifugation ,washing and then finally starch is
dried
STARCH
PURIFICATION
• Starch is further purified in small

hydro clones
• Pure starch is dried , a cake is
formed, Drying , Collection in Hooper
& packaging in bags.
• A hydro cyclone is a static device

that applies centrifugal force to a
flowing liquid mixture.
• Separation of heavy and light
components
• The classic hydro cyclone is a
closed vessel
• Designed to convert incoming
liquid velocity into rotary motion.
THANK YOU

MAIZE

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CLASSIFICATION &

By: A. USHA SREE

• Common name: Makka

• Maize does well on a wide range of climatic conditions,

1. Flint corn:(Zea mays indurata)

• Maize milling is the processing of maize (corn) for safe

Dry milling process consists of the following steps:

• Most essential step in any processing industry.

• Disc mill is used to recover intact germ without oil

• Screen are used to separate fiber from underflow mixture

• It is white light yellow powder

• Starch is further purified in small

• A hydro cyclone is a static device

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