Untitled

EARTH’S CRUST
INTERIOR MANTLE
INNER CORE
OUTER CORE
CRUST
• The outermost layer of
the earth
• Earth's crust is about 5 to

25 miles thick,
depending on its location
• And composed of
igneous , metamorphic
and sedimentary rock
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
CRUST
OCEANIC CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST
• Made up of basalt • Is made up of rocks
• Lies under the ocean and similar to granite
geologically young • FELSIC
compared with the • At 30 to 50km thick
continental crust • Lower density
• MAFIC
• 5 to 10km thick.
• Higher density
LITHOSPHERE
• Composed of
GRANITE AND BASALT
(ROCKY LAYER )
• Made up of solid and
rigid rocks including
the brittle upper
portion of the mantle
and the crust
• Cool solid rock
• Where lies underneath the
ASTHENOSPHERE lithosphere and made up solid
rock that moves very slowly,
and describe as elastic that can
Flow
• Semi-molten, Denser and weaker

part of the upper mantle
• Here the oceanic crust is

subducting under the continental
crust which create earthquake
and volcano activity.
Mantle Mantle
 Largest layer of the Earth 1800 miles
thick
 the first 50 miles of the mantle is
consist of very hard rigid rocks
 the next 150 miles consist of super hot
solid rocks and the
 Compose of silicate minerals
 Several hundred miles of the mantle it
made up of extremely hot , dense rock
Called MAGMA
The melted
rock that escape
to the earth
surface, is what
create volcanic
activity on the
earth
OUTER
CORE
• The outer core is the liquid largely iron layer of
the earth that lies below the mantle.
• Made up of two melted metals the iron and Nickel

that move together as a liquid
• The outer core, about 2,200 kilometers (1,367

miles) thick,
• And the temperature ranges between 4,500° and

5,500° Celsius (8,132° and 9,932° Fahrenheit).
INNER CORE
• The inner core is the most hottest

layer of the earth.
• Solid layer and composed mostly iron

Densest layer of earth
• The inner core of the Earth has

temperatures and pressures so great
that the metals (nickel and iron) are
squeezed together and are not able to
move about like a liquid,
DEFORMATION
• Is the process by which
the crust is deformed
along tectonic plate
margins. Deformation
produces a variety of
geologic structures such
as folds, faults, joints and
• Each rock type deforms
differently when stress is
gradually applied, That is
to say rocks respond to
stress by deforming
elastically.
• This is what we call elastic
deformation
• Like, a rubber band the
rock will return to it’s
original size when the
Two kinds of elastic
deformation…
• Ductile deformation occurs when
enough stress is applied to a material that
the changes in its shape are permanent,
and the material is no longer able to
revert to its original shape. For example,
if you bend a metal bar too far, it can be
permanently bent out of shape.
• Brittle deformation - is when
rocks fail as rigid solids The
rocks will break, rather than
bend, under these conditions
to produce fractures. Brittle
deformation occurs along
discrete planes in the rock
instead of involving the rock
body as a whole
In other words, for deformation of rock or crust to occur, the
following conditions must be met:
• The rock material must have the ability to deform under heat
and pressure.
• The higher the temperature of the rock the more elastic it
becomes.
• Pressure must not exceed the internal strength of the rock,
otherwise, fracturing occurs.
• Deformation must be applied slowly.
You can say that the rock has been deformed if it
has been…
• Moved from it’s original position.

• Changed in orientation (folding, tilting or
rotation)
• Changed in shape (distortion)
FOLD/FOLDING
• Fold can be defined as a bend in

rock that is a response to a
compressional force. It can be like
the ocean waves. Earth has a crest
or uphold and a tough or down
fold. Also folds are most visible in
Three types of fold
• Anticline is a convex up fold in rock that

resembles an “arch like”.
• Syncline is a type of fold where the rock
layers are wrapped downward.
• Monocline is the simplest of fold
which involves a slight bend in
otherwise parallel layers of rock.
FAULT /
FAULTING
• Faults are planes of
detachment resulting
when rocks on either
side of the displacement
slip past one another.
Types of fault
• A normal (dip-slip) fault is an

inclined fracture where the
rock mass above an inclined
fault moves down. A reverse
dip – slip fault is when the
compression forces exist,
compression cause one block
pushed up and over the block.
• Strike – slip fault also called
transcurrent fault, wrench
fault, or lateral fault, in
geology, a fracture in the rocks
of Earth's crust in which the
rock masses slip past one
another parallel to the strike,
the intersection of a rock
surface with the surface or
another horizontal plane.
• Graben fault is produced from parallel
normal faults, where the displacement
of the hanging wall is downward, while
that of the footwall is upward. The
faults typically dip toward the center of
the graben from both sides.
• A horst fault is a section of
crust that has been lifted
relative to the blocks on
either side, which is a result
of its bounding faults
dipping away from each
other
• A fault that has a component of dip-slip
and a component of strike-slip movement
is termed an oblique-slip fault. Nearly all
faults will have some component of both
dip-slip and strike-slip, so a fault that is
classified as oblique requires both dip and
strike components to be significant and
measurable.
MINI GAME : POP THE BALLOON!
MECHANICS –
• Please choose two representatives in each group.
• The other one will run when the balloon is between their legs
and the other representative will sit on the chair.
• REMEMBER that you need to give the balloon to your member

who’s in the chair and POP it the first one to do so will shout
POP! Then answer.
• There are five questions and the group with more points will
have a prize!.
1. GIVE THE 3
TYPES OF FOLD.
2. THIS IS ALSO
CALLED A
TRANSCURRENT
FAULT, WRENCH
FAULT, OR LATERAL
FAULT
3. WHAT IS THE 2
KINDS OF ELASTIC
DEFORMATION?
4.GIVE THE
LAYERS OF THE
EARTH.
5. WHENCAN YOU
SAY THAT THE
ROCK HAS BEEN
DEFORMED?

Untitled

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Untitled

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Untitled

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EARTH’S CRUST

• Earth's crust is about 5 to

• Semi-molten, Denser and weaker

• Here the oceanic crust is

• Made up of two melted metals the iron and Nickel

• The outer core, about 2,200 kilometers (1,367

• And the temperature ranges between 4,500° and

• The inner core is the most hottest

• Solid layer and composed mostly iron

• The inner core of the Earth has

• Moved from it’s original position.

• Fold can be defined as a bend in

• Anticline is a convex up fold in rock that

• A normal (dip-slip) fault is an

• REMEMBER that you need to give the balloon to your member

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.